Discourse Analysis of Iranian Rural Development Policies in the Hashemi Rafsanjani and Ahmadinejad Governments
Mehdi
Havazadeh
PhD Student, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.
author
Reza
Hemmati
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.
author
Ali
Shakoori
Associate Professor, Department of Community Planning, Faculty of Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ehsan
Aghababaei
Assistant Professor, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
This article attempts to interpret the formation of discourse of development in Iran’s rural development policies by analyzing the discourse of Hashemi and Ahmadinejad governments in the areas of development in general and rural development in particular. The research method used in this article is based on the principles of Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory and the proposed method of Post-foundation discourse analysis (PDA). The data used in this article was collected from interviews, lectures, and statements of presidents and clauses and notes related to rural areas in the context of the First, Second, and Fifth Five-Year Development Plans by purposive sampling. The results showed that the rural areas had been incorporated into the discourse of Hashemi’s government domain. But the set of factors led to the incomplete relationship between the rural sphere and the discourse of government causing many inconsistencies in this area. On the other hand, discourse of Ahmadinejad government has a stronger and more discursive relationship with the rural issues. In other words, the discourse of Ahmadinejad's government to disrupt the discourse of Hashemi government focusing on physical and external conditions, seeks to improve these conditions. However, as in the discourse of Hashemi’s government, the discourse of Ahmadinejad's government ultimately did not pay much attention to the cultural and social spheres of development, emphasizing instead the improved distribution of physical facilities.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
6
21
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_74439_335bee7323b4095c4b984eb47d1687c0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.291602.1414
An Investigation of the Rural Development Policies of Sixth Five-Year Social, Cultural and Economic Development Plan in Iran
Masomeh
Amani
PhD Candidate, Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
author
Farhad
Azizpour
Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
author
asghar
Tahmasebi
Assistant Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hassan
Afrakhteh
Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
author
Hasan
Darabi
Assistant Professor, Department Of Environmental Design, Faculty of environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
In recent decades, planning system has faced a change in the concept of development because of the intrinsic dynamics of human societies and the ineffectiveness of theories in solving problems. The Intellectual concept development has required assessment of the conceptual framework of planning theories in the rural development. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate rural development policies of the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan of Iran based on postmodernism theory. The research methodology is qualitative based on Meta-synthesis and content analysis. The method of collecting data is library-based and logical reasoning was used to understand the categories. The results showed that key principles of postmodernism theory are non-rationality. Evaluation of rural development policies revealed that these policies are relatively compliant with principles of postmodernism planning. In other words, programs derived from modernism are observed along with postmodernism planning policies that implies to eclecticism thoughts in provision of rural development policies of the Sixth Five-Year Development Plan.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
22
35
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_74436_81ee641cc3f68bb32c812aea19447e33.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.285969.1384
Ministry of Agriculture Jihad Experts' Assessment of Sustainability of Agricultural Adaptation Policies to Climate Change
Mojtaba
Dehghanpour
PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
author
Masoud
Yazdanpanah
Associate Professors, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
author
Masoumeh
Forouzani
Associate Professors, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture and Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.
author
Gholamhossein
Abdolahzadeh
Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
The purpose of this study is to investigate the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of sustainability of adaptation policies with regard to sustainability indicators. In terms of methodological process, this study was conducted in two consecutive stages. The first stage of this research involves identification and extraction a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to climate change adaptation policies in agriculture based on a qualitative research paradigm and utilizing focused group techniques and interview with 17 experts from Ministery of Agriculture Jihad. In the second stage of the research, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was conducted to compare pairs of criteria and sub-criteria with respect to the main goal of sustainability of policies as well as pair-wise comparison of each set of alternatives into four classes of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Data were analyzed by Expert Choice software. After determining the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion, the alternative priorities were identified as four components of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat. The results showed that environmental, economic and social criteria were the most important to achieve sustainability of policies, respectively. Also in environmental criteria, “non-emission of greenhouse gas”, in economic criteria, “helping to diversify farmers' income” and in social criteria, “attention to social participation” were identified as the most important sub-criteria.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
36
49
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_74180_fe0b9d4f4cb87d3c1e11e4acdea947cd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.288664.1402
Explaining Sustainable Landscape Indicators in the Rural Area of Iran Based on Experts’ and Professionals’ Assessment
Leila
Kowkabi
Assistant professor, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Art, Tehran, Iran.
author
seyed Ali
Badri
Associate Professor, Department of Geography &Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Villages have been gradually established and developed in a natural environment using local materials and technology over the decades. People expanded the agricultural fields by managing water and rural forests serve as the sink of resources used by humans for daily life and agriculture. Current condition of a landscape can be a reliable indicator of future trends and areas in need of further attention. Moreover there are specific cultural backgrounds, which have influenced on the settlement patterns of regions and countries. So, many criteria must be considered in order to achieve sustainability. Given that the destruction of rural environments and its valuable elements is taking place, it is necessary to identify and explain the indicators of a sustainable rural landscape in accordance with the situation and conditions in Iran. The research method is exploratory, in which the main indicators of sustainable landscape are explained through a continuous and selective process of accreditation and through the evaluation of university professors, professionals, managers and decision makers in the field of rural. The results of 25 questionnaires (consisting of four dimensions and 130 indicators) were included in the evaluation. The respondents were asked to rank each indicator based on “related rate”, “importance” and “measurability”. The results show that the sustainable landscape of rural area is related to their multi-functionality services; spatial patterns of villages and natural resources. From the point of view of experts, the indicators of the sub-category “socio-cultural dimension” have had the greatest impact on the sustainable rural landscape.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
50
65
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_72958_de96a18d22cf9f029e131c8e8cdbb17f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.277942.1342
Sustainability Surveys of Tourism Sample Villages Based on Barometric Sustainability and Life cycle Model (Case Study: Borujen County)
Mehdi
Karami Dehkordi
Assistant Professor, Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
author
Masoud
Bahrami Dehtooti
MSC. student, Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Identifying and studying facilities and determining the levels of rural sustainability are the first step in the process of rural planning and development. Today, given the importance of sustainability in development, determining the levels of rural sustainability is unnecessary. In this regard, the use of rural development indicators to achieve the desired goal can be considered. Accordingly, in this article, we have evaluated the sustainability of tourism development in the sample villages of Borujen city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and methodological descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information was gathered based on documentary and field studies (questionnaire). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics and non-statistical methods (Barometr of Sustainability Radar) were used. The results revealed that the development of rural tourism in the studied villages is generally at the average level of sustainability. The social dimension had a better stability among the other studied dimensions. Significant differences were found between the studied villages. In general, the Averghan village had the highest and Katak village had the lowest score among other villages.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
66
89
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_73675_42279e7629c0262b630c80194d9c2ac4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.285562.1381
Strategic Spatial Planning for Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism Purposes Using the SOAR Strategic Model
Ahmad
Roumiani
PhD student, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hamid
Shayan
Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hamdollah
Sojasi Qeidari
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad Reza
Rezvani
Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Developing rural tourism based on the development of sustainable tourism and turning tourism into an economic engine for the region to develop rural areas is one of the most important issues requiring the adoption of logical and strategic strategies in accordance with regional and local capabilities and with planning orientation. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to develop the rural tourism destinations in the east of Mazandaran province, considering the spatial dimensions (human, activity, space), and the dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social, cultural, and environmental). This study is descriptive-analytical and the related data collected based on documentary analysis, surveying and field studies. The statistical sample of the study included 10 experts from the Organization of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of Tourism of the province and 21 dignitaries. The SOAR analysis technique was used to develop a strategy for developing and explaining the strengths, opportunities, aspirations and measurable results. The results of the study showed that stakeholders' most important strategies are holding conferences and meetings-the development of investment in rural tourism along with strengthening the physical infrastructures and eliminating the problems associated with environmental barriers (topography, slope and height) of tourism sites.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
90
105
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_70083_0531338a0418b236c7fdcdf6b8921c23.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2018.258771.1260
Assessment of the Desirability Levels of Environmental Health in Rural Areas: A Case Study of Lorestan Province Villages
Reza
Nemati
PhD, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran.
author
Mehdi
Pourtaheri
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran.
author
Abdolreza R.
Eftekhari
Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
An analysis of international organizations reflects the centrality of health as a key indicator of sustainable development. Today, environmental quality of health has become one of the most important issues in rural settlements. In other words, in the literature on development and its related approaches, the issue of environmental health and efforts to promote this indicator is of paramount importance at the level of rural communities. The method is a library-based quantitative study and data were collected based on documentary analysis and field survey. Based on this, the components and health records of environmental quality were identified as the basis for developing the questionnaire as the main tool for research in field studies. Based on the five priority classes of Prescott Allen's utility survey in the economic dimension of 28 villages, some villages are in a potentially poor situation (poor utility). In the social dimension of the total number of studied villages, 20 were undesirable villages, six villages were in the unfavorable condition (weak utility) and four also had a moderate utility. Regarding the physical utility, 23 villages were in a state of complete disadvantage, six villages were in a poor potential situation (poor utility) and 1 village had a moderate utility. However, in terms of environmental sustainability, 22 villages were in a state of complete disadvantage and eight villages in a state of poor potential status (poor utility).
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
106
123
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_70088_06f25aa41cff30b6f92a3777d645d14c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.264052.1279
Identifying Barriers to Development of Regional Technological Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Sarbaz County)
javad
keikhakohan
MSc., Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Morteza
Akbari
Associate Professor, Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
seyed Reza
Hejazi
Associate Professor, Department of Technological Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
The unprecedented speed of science and technology and the relative economic need of different societies for technological entrepreneurship are undeniable and this need is specially felt in less developed countries. Nevertheless, technological entrepreneurship development in different areas has always been faced with different obstacles and problems and its most important application, that is modernization of emerging economies, is challenging. It is logical that removing these barriers requires precise and careful identification. Hence, in this study, a qualitative research method and semi-structured interviews were used to analyze technological entrepreneurship barriers in Sarbaz area of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present study was a case study and its statistical community included experts working in organizations related to entrepreneurship and, of course, technological entrepreneurship and other economic activities in different areas of Sistan and Baluchestan province. They have been active or are still working in the area in question. After collecting the data using semi-structured interviews, the collected data were analyzed. Finally, by analyzing the interviews and the data, the barriers and problems of developing the technological entrepreneurship in Sarbaz County were identified. These barriers included economic barriers (13 components), educational barriers (12 components), psychological barriers (8 components), infrastructure barriers (7 components), cultural barriers (9 components), political barriers (6 components), managerial barriers (6 components), technological barriers (7 components), human resources, and capital constraints (7 components).
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
124
139
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75777_3c8b60067a62f25eff2548beccd01bb0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2020.292191.1419
Position of Rural Production Cooperatives in Capacity Building of Social Capital of local communities in Hamadan County
Karvan
Shanazi
PhD student of Agricultural Development, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
author
Heshmatolah
Sadi
Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
author
Reza
Movahedi
Associate professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
The purpose of the present research is to investigate the position of rural production cooperatives in the formation and of social capital. This study is descriptive-analytical survey-based study. Data were collected using library studies and field method using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1655 members of rural production cooperatives in Hamadan, Iran, out of whom 180 were selected using Cochran formula by proportional random sampling method. Content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by subject matter experts. The construct validity and reliability of the construct were confirmed by calculating the composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the level of capacity building of bonding and linking social capital was medium and low, respectively. Pearson correlation results confirmed the significant relationship of age, membership experience in the cooperative, agricultural experience and number of training courses with the variables of capacity building of linking and bonding social capital. In this regard, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of capacity building of bonding social capital but capacity building of linking social capital of men was significantly higher than women. The results obtained in relation to the values of the fit indices showed that both the models of measuring capacity building of bonding and linking social capital had good fitting indices. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the bonding interaction (λ = 0.83) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of bonding social capital and formal relationship network (λ = 0.84) was the strongest indicator of the capacity building of linking social capital.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
140
157
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75778_142d3ab37c9e537e744327cd986e5985.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2020.293247.1425
Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Development of Cooperative Companies Using Mixed Methods in Sarab County
Ghasem
Zarei
Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
Hamed
Tarighat Mehrbani
Mc. Student, Department of Management, Faculty of Humanities, Sarab branch of Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
Given the importance of the cooperative sector in the Iranian economy, from the perspective of its theoretical foundations and potential capabilities, the effective factors and ways of activating this capacity have become increasingly important. Co-operatives can be an appropriate lever for economic development that, along with government policies, are effective in improving the living and working conditions, production, and improvement of income and social status of the people. To achieve this goal, a mixed method research was used. Thus, in the first phase of the study, using unstructured and semi-structured interviews with managing directors and Board of Directors of cooperative companies in Sarab, Iran, as well as experts and using the qualitative grounded theory, the factors affecting the development of cooperative companies were identified. According to the results of grounded theory, management, organizational, economic, socio-cultural, legal, marketing, and educational factors are effective in the development of rural cooperatives. Co-operatives should, therefore, have the necessary planning in mind when selecting appropriate managers for co-operatives to enhance managerial factors. Based on the results, economic, legal, cultural-social, marketing and educational factors are in the next influential ones and rural cooperative planners should consider these factors in cooperatives and use these factors to develop rural cooperatives.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
158
169
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_74179_65420842d04b6319f49cf49b99556a00.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.286938.1390
Groundwater Resources Drawdown and Its Effect on the Physical Structure of Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Settlements of Lordegan
Ali
Taghipoor Javi
PhD Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Seyed Eskandar
Seydaei
Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
author
Faramarz
Barimani
Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
The increasing human need for water, on the one hand, and its scarcity, on the other, have increased the exploitation of this vital resource. Today, with more attention to groundwater resources and the vertical movement of these reservoirs to deeper layers, numerous problems are threatening life in rural habitats. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the causes of groundwater resource drawdown and its effect on the physical structure of rural areas. Crucially, it has doubled as population growth and demand increase to meet the needs of rural communities, excessive exploitation and pressure on these vital reserves. Documentary analysis and field study were used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the study included 89831 people in the rural population of Lordegan, out of which 115 were selected by purposive sampling method using the G-Power software. The data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical and causal-comparative methods on the SPSS and GIS software programs. The findings showed that increasing number of farmers, expanding irrigated areas and drilling deep wells during the period 1961-2016 are correlated with unnecessary exploitation and drop in groundwater level in the research area. The results further showed that the fragmentation of agricultural parts, granting permits for digging and breaking wells and the prevalence of aquacultural crops in interaction with population growth were the most important factors for double harvesting and reduction of groundwater levels to -22 meters in the plains. It has manifested itself in the form of the disappearance of wetlands and pastures, land subsidence of 85 cm, deep divisions in settlements and farms, changes in the appearance of plains, and, ultimately, the instability of rural settlements.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
170
189
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_73676_c7b25954b0c181577395bebf870760c3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.287337.1392
Assessing the Compliance of Road Widening and Improvement Standards with Rural Community Needs (A Case Study of Villages in Paveh)
Rahmatollah
Bahrami Paveh
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2020
per
One of the components of the Haadi Plan is the development of rural passage networks. The network of passages is considered as the main mmaters of the village because all human, livestock and commodity transport is possible in these communication networks. The network paths do not follow a specific pattern and are a function of the terrain variables (roughness, height, and slope). The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance of the standards of road adjustment with the needs of the villagers in the mountainous areas of Paveh using descriptive-analytical and field research. Nine mountainous villages were randomly selected in Paveh and 83 pedestrian networks were examined for slope percentage, path forms, and elevation levels. Local people's views were sought on physical dimensions of the passages using 16 questions. Mean and chi-square analysis were used for data analysis. The findings related to elevation indicated that the villages were 1250 to 1750 m above sea level. In terms of slope, 24 passageways had slopes above 40%; 32 passageways had slopes between 20-39% and 19 passageways were less than 20% in slope and were open and roofed in texture. The results showed that 66% of the respondents identified the road network renovation to be in accordance with the needs of the village. Therefore, the findings point to the need to improve the rural passage network. Al rural passages should be covered by the executive. Second, the use of quality materials ensures the viability of the passage network. Third, the height factor should be taken into account in making it easier to climb the stairs.
Journal of Rural Research
Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran;
2008-7373
11
v.
1
no.
2020
190
205
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_74178_e1319529d77a6fc62063db15c8a5ee89.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2019.283566.1380