per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
233
252
10.22059/jrur.2015.54906
54906
Research Paper
تفکیک سطوح نگرانی های زیست محیطی روستاییان بر اساس متغیرهای اجتماعی: کاربردی از مدل لجستیک دو وجهی
Breakdown Surfaces Environmental Concerns Rural on Social Variables: Application of Two-Dimensional Logistic Model
سید رضا اسحاقی
rezaeshagi@yahoo.com
1
یوسف حجازی
reza.germi67@gmail.com
2
امیر علم بیگی
rezaeshaghi@ut.ac.ir
3
دانشجوی دکتری ترویج کشاورزی،دانشگاه تهران
استاد گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران
ابعاد تخریب محیط زیست به چنان حجمی رسیده است که بشر امروزی بدون دگرگونی در تفکر و رفتار خویش هرگز قادر نخواهد بود برای مشکلات زیست محیطی خود، راه حلی را بیابد. افزایش مشکلات و بحرانهای زیست محیطی در جهان از یک طرف و درک پیامدهای موضوعات زیست محیطی در زندگی انسانها از سوی دیگر، باعث شده است تا اهمیت بحث در مورد محیط زیست و مسایل زیست محیطی افزایش یابد. از این رو افزایش نگرانی روستاییان در مورد مسائل زیست محیطی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. این پژوهش با هدف تفکیک سطوح نگرانی های زیست محیطی روستاییان براساس متغیرهای اجتماعی انجام شد. حجم جامعه برابر 109679 خانوار روستایی میباشد. بر اساس فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه 250 خانوار انتخاب و اطلاعات لازم از آنها گردآوری شد. این تحقیق توصیفی به شیوه پیمایش و با ابزار پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. روایی پرسشنامه به وسیله اساتید گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و پایایی آن از طریق انجام مطالعه راهنما، آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تایید گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم افزارهای SPSS win18انجام شد. یافته ها نشان داد که اکثر روستاییان نگرانی زیست محیطی مطلوبی دارند. همچنین از بین متغیرهای اجتماعی (انسجام اجتماعی، رفاه اجتماعی، تعامل اجتماعی، پایگاه اجتماعی، رضایت شغلی، آموزش زیست محیطی، عضویت در گروهها و تشکلها، شرکت در برنامههای حفاظتی و رفتار اطلاع یابی)، به ترتیب متغیرهای رفاه اجتماعی و عضویت در گروهها و تشکلها قدرت بالایی در تفکیک سطوح نگرانی های زیست محیطی روستاییان را دارند.
The natural resources of any community are the wealth of there that not only do belong to the current generation, but also are heritages that would belong to the futures and are one of the inherent bases from human beings life. Revival natural resources are the widest resources of the environment from the earth and for their role which have in control of surface water, conflict with air pollution, conflict with soil erosion and maintenance and produce of it, prevention from sound pollution of environment, , reduction of climate in one region, prevention from earth .., produces of drug and industrial materials and the balance of hesitancies, are the basic factors in the process of sustainable development. For this reason, preserve, recovery and correct exploitation from these areas is considered the constitute duties of international institutions, governments, non-governmental organizations, local constitutions and nature friends. While per 1 min, 200tons of soil from the surface of farms and jungles is sent to seas, lakes and the back of dams per minute. In fact,annually consistentlyabout 20 tons per hectare of soil are washed by effect of water erosion in Iran which means the loss of 76 kg nitrogen, 24 kg phosphor and 8 kg potash per hectare and if we calculate the price of nutrition in soil, we will lose annually about 7.6 million $ of micronutrients inside the soil. In present conditions, success of environmental organizations in disseminating preservation innovations of environment and much more exploitation of preserve operations for developing countries require the existence a type of reality attitude and yet is holistic and systemic to influential factors on environmental behavior in acceptance of conservation innovations which this study follows that.
World countries during the past and present centuries, have reached to tremendous progresses and achievements by using new techniques and by relying on inexpensive natural resources in the field of food supply. However, these achievements have also lead to erosion and lose to environment and natural resources so that in present conditions, environmental destruction and change of jungle lands to farmlands, soil erosion and pollution of water resources by the effect of chemicals abuse and … have taken more critical aspects. Regarding to this case, analysis of factors and involved components in people behavior causing the emergence of such irreparable damages to environment is more important. Human behavior consists of a set of behaviors indicated by human beings that affected of cultures, attitudes, feelings, values, ethics, relation, persuasion, wrath, and heritage science. Human brain phenomena should be divided to 3 types of phenomenon i.e. information and cognitive phenomenon, empirical, religious, and conscience phenomena, and movement and behavioral phenomenon. The most obvious type of life phenomenon is behavioral phenomenon that is clearly observable and assessable. Two other kinds of phenomena are the component of hidden phenomena of human life. The villager's behavior should be modified on environment and there is not any other solution though originally many people believe that the nature and environment should be maintained but implementation and doing protective plan counterpart with resistance from them.
Environmental concern is increasing around the world. Environmental concerns, it appears as a auras to change the behavior, so that the study of environmental concern for the environmental behavior of people is very important. Some researchers have environmental concerns as an assessment or attitude of the facts, behavior or conduct oneself treat others with implications for the environment. Currently, environmental concerns are as one of the aspects of environmental attitudes. This specifically refers to those who are concerned about environmental issues. Success requires environmental protection programs, recognizing the different aspects of human behavior and the factors affecting it. Thus, the theoretical framework of this study is as follows:
Materials & Methods
Statistical population was including families of Ardabil province which were 109679 households. Applying Cokeran formula and a random sampling method, the appropriate sample for this study was calculated 250 households. The main instrument of the study for data collection was questionnaire. This questionnaire was designed based on the literature review and constructed to meet the objectives of the study. This questionnaire consisted of three sections: personal and professional characteristics of respondents, social factors and environmental concerns. Face validity of this questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts and reliability of which was measured by computing Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, a measure of internal consistency. To examine the reliability of the questionnaire a pilot study was conducted on 30 residents in Ardabil province and Coronbach’s Alpha for the items of Likert type scales were calculated. The results show that an appropriate internal consistency was among the items of each scale.
Score environmental concerns based on the mean of the sample was divided into two levels of favorable and unfavorable. Data processing for binomial logistic regression was used.
Ln (p/ (1-p) = Intercept + b1×X1 + b2×X2 + ... + bK × Xk
Discussion of Results
Results showed that most rural have favorable environmental concerns. Analyzes of the effects the rural social variables on environmental concerns, Logit two-dimensional test was used for this purpose. Between the social variables, respectively variables social welfare and membership in groups and fronts high strength breakdown of rural have environmental concerns.
(X2) 0.054+ (X1)0.104-0.064 = Ln (p/ (1-p)
Where P probability of superior environmental concern, X1 is equal to membership in groups and fronts and X2 is equal to social welfare. Based on these results was determined the most important variable affecting the breakdown surfaces concerns about the environmental, social welfare is a variable that is the coefficient B equal to 0.054 and the coefficient Exp. (B) is equal to 1.132. Was also identified variable membership in groups and fronts that is the coefficient B equal to -0.104 and the coefficient Exp. (B) is equal to 0.901.
Conclusions
A major factor in shaping environmental hazards is human. Between the social variables "social cohesion, social welfare, social interaction, social status, job satisfaction, environmental education, membership in groups and fronts, participate in conservation programs and information seeking behavior," social welfare varies greatly influence there are other variables than on environmental concerns. In other words, the sense of security and peace in life, hope for a better life in the future than in the present, Appropriateness of income with occupation, Rate feeling of satisfaction and happiness in life and rate sense about progress and success in life is high, rural concerned about environmental changes that resulted in the loss of it will be. Membership in groups and fronts is another variable that has a negative impact on environmental concerns. In other words, membership in groups and fronts, with the synergy of the scattered forces can reduce the effectiveness of the public concerns will follow. The present study is environmental concerns herself expressed in are measured. Is suggested that in research separate this variable real behavior to be considered .
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54906_45c2457c46da76dcb1e7d02aa203ecfe.pdf
نگرانی زیست محیطی
اجتماعی
حفاظت
توسعه پایدار
روستا
Environmental Concerns
social
Conservation
Sustainable Development
Rural
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
253
274
10.22059/jrur.2015.54907
54907
Research Paper
سنجش رفتارهای زیست محیطی گردشگران در مقصدهای کویری و بیابانی (مطالعه موردی: نواحی روستایی شهرستان خور و بیابانک)
Environmental behaviors of tourists in the desert destinations
(Case Study: rural areas ofKhourand Biabanak
Township
ناصر علیقلی زاده فیروزجانی
1
مهدی رمضان زاده لسبویی
mehdi_ra_1361@yahoo.com
2
مجید اسمعیلی
3
استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
استادیار گروه مدیریت جهانگردی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اکوتوریسم، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
رفتار مسولانه زیست محیطی به عنوان یک پیش شرط ضروری و نیزیک دست آورد مهم برای توسعه گردشگری در نواحی روستایی در راستای توسعه پایدار گردشگری است. هدف این تحقیق بررسی و مطالعه رفتار مسولانه زیست محیطی گردشگران در مقاصد بیابانی و کویری و عوامل موثر بر آن است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر پیمایش است. بدین منظور جهت استخراج متغیرها و شاخصهای تأثیر گذار و تحلیلیافتههای تحقیق از نظریههای رفتارهای زیست محیطی استفاده شد. ابزاراصلی در گردآوری دادهها پرسشنامه و مصاحبه است. دادههای گردآوری شده پرسشنامه با استفاده از نرم افزار آماریSPSS پردازش و بر اساس هدف و ماهیت داده ها از آزمونهای آماری تی تک نمونه ای، همبستگی پیرسن و تحلیل مسیر استفاده شد.یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد که میزان رعایت رفتارهای زیستمحیطی از سوی گردشگران در نواحی روستایی این منطقه در شرایط مطلوبی قرار دارد. و عواملی نظیر میزان آگاهی، میزان ارزش درک شده، تصویر ذهنی از مقصد از سوی گردشگران، دلبستگی مکانی ومیزان رضایتمندی از سفردر نواحی روستایی خور و بیابانک از عوامل موثر بر میزان رعایت رفتارهای زیست محیطی گردشگران بودهاند. همچنین براساس نتایج تحلیل مسیر، دلبستگی مکانی (وفاداری به مقصد)بیشترین و تصویر ذهنی گردشگران از مقصد کمترین تأثیر رابرمتغیر وابسته تحقیق دارد.
Introduction Ecotourism is a kind of tourism and a way of achieving sustainable development in rural areas which have high tourism capacities.The distinction between ecotourism and tourism lies in the characteristics of ecotourism, that is to say, the positive characteristics of an ecotourism arenature and culture of traveling activities, increasing public awareness about the environment, protection of the local environmental sources, the minimum impact of tourism, empowering local people and maximizing the financial benefits for local communities. Responsible environmental behavioris a prerequisite necessity and an important achievement for tourism sustainable development in rural areas. Environmental tourism destinations are affected directly and indirectly by tourists' behaviors and activities. The researchers are eager to study and scrutinizethe tourists' behaviors due to theirsevere impact on the environmental destinations. Studying the tourists' behaviorat various destinationisresearchers' and practitioners' priority and main concern. To this end, they adopted different terms such as responsible environmental behavior to describe the behaviors that reduce the negative environmental impacts and protect various environmental tourism destinations. Responsible environmental behavior indicates that the tourists should follow the norms ofresponsible traveling in various tourism destinations. Based on tourists' responsible environmental behavior assessment in tourism destinations, this research aims to measure the tourists' environmental behavior and the factors that influence these behaviors in the desert ecotourism destinations. Methodology Method of this study was based on a questionnaire survey research. Behavior wasa dependent variable and factors such as perceived value, destination image, loyalty, satisfaction and awareness wereconsidered as independent variables. The populationof this study was the tourists who traveled to this city and its rural areas in spring. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and the tests used in this study werebased on the nature of the collected data and the aim of the study was classified as descriptive and analytical data (only the participants' personal information was measured in descriptive data). In theanalytical results, at first items of each macro variables that affected behaviorwere combined with each other andwere analyzed by one-sample t-test. Then, path analysis was used to understand the influence of each independent variable on dependent variable (behavior). Findings of the study Based on theresponsible environmentalbehaviors and individual characteristics relationship, the results revealed that there is a significant relationship between age and degree of responsible environmental behavior, so that and significant level is . Whereas the calculated error of measurement is <0.050, it can be claimed that two variables have relationshipat level of 0.050,also there wasa relationship between nominal variables, education level, job and degree of responsible environmental behavior except that gender had no relationship with responsible environmental behavior. The findings indicatedthat tourists followed the environmental behavior in rural areas of this region. And factors such as degree of awareness, perceived value, and mental image of destination, loyalty and satisfaction of travelling affected the environmental behaviors in rural areas of Khour and Biyabank. Based onthe path analysis results, interest to place (loyalty to the destination) had the maximal effect and tourists'mental image of destination had the minimal effect on the dependent variable of the study. According to the relationship of responsible environmentalbehaviors and individual characteristics, the results showed that there was a significant relationshipbetween age, education and degree of responsible environmental behavior.However,there was not any relationship between gender and behavior. Discussion and Conclusion In general, responsible environmental behavior was considered as a prerequisite necessity and an important achievement for rural areas' tourism sustainable development. Promotion of responsible environmental behavior conserved biodiversity and environmental attractiveness of tourism destination and aided in the growth and prosperity of these destinations. Therefore, responsible environmental behavior should be considered as an important factor in the various tourism destinations and should be adopted in sustainable way.According to the theoretical basis, variables such as tourists' awareness, tourists' perceived value, total satisfaction, tourists' mental image of destination and loyalty to the destination wereconsidered as the factors that influenced the responsible environmental behavior of tourists, therefore the results showedthat the tourists followed the responsible environmental behaviors in rural areas of this region. Other findings of this study indicated that among the variables that affected the tourists' environmental behavior, only the image of destination had an unpleasant situation. Therefore, the most important concernof tourists about the image of destination wasrelated to electronic reservation of products, low levels of education and local staffs'unfriendly behaviors to the customers in rural areas of this region.We used path analysis to understand the contribution of each independent variable on the dependent variable (behavior). The results of path analysis revealed that loyalty to destination was the most effective factor in tourist's responsible environmental behavior, meaning that if the tourists hadmore loyalty to the destination, they had showed higher responsible behaviors in that destination. After the degree of awareness, the perceived value, image of destination and loyalty to the destination affected the environmental behavior of tourists directly and indirectly.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54907_6df30f8143f31fad905d2bd1bf216027.pdf
اکوتوریسم
کویر و بیابان
رفتار مسولانه زیست محیطی
نواحی روستایی خور و بیابانک
Environmental Behaviors
Desert Tourism
Tourists
Destinations
Rural Areas
Khour and Biabanak Township
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
275
298
10.22059/jrur.2015.54908
54908
Research Paper
تأثیر عملکرد دهیاران بر مدیریت پسماند در سکونتگاههای روستایی مطالعة موردی: بخش ساربوک، شهرستان قصرقند
The performance impact of Dehyary on waste management in the villages of rural perspectives
(Case Study ؛Sarbok District, Qasreqand County (
علی اکبر عنابستانی
anabestani@um.ac.ir
1
حمدالله سجاسی قیداری
ssojasi@yahoo.com
2
اسلام رئیسی
islam.raesi@yahoo.com
3
– دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
- استادیار جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
– کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
افزایش جمعیت بههمراه گسترش رفاه اقتصادی و تغییر الگوی مصرف، بحران جدیدی به نام پسماند را در سکونتگاههای روستایی بهوجود آورده است. بنابراین، حفظ محیطزیست سکونتگاههای روستایی (از بعد زیستمحیطی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی) از طریق عوامل ساختاری (نهاد مدیران محلی) اهمیت بسیاری دارد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر عملکرد دهیاران بر مدیریت پسماند سکونتگاههای روستایی در بخش ساربوک از شهرستان قصرقند است. روششناسی این پژوهش از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی (همبستگی) و از لحاظ هدف کاربردی با استفاده از شیوة مطالعة کتابخانهای ـ اسنادی و پیمایشی برای پاسخگویی به پرسشهای تحقیق است. از جامعة آماری تحقیق، 212 سرپرست خانوار روستایی در 15 روستای دارای دهیاری بهکمک فرمول کوکران با روش نمونهگیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. دادهها و اطلاعات پژوهش با کمک پرسشنامه گردآوری شدند و برای تحلیل آنها از روشهای آماری (میانگین، آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون رگرسیون چندمتغیره) در نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عملکرد دهیاران بر مدیریت پسماند سکونتگاههای روستایی نشان دادند که شاخصهای مربوط به جمعآوری و نگهداری (51/0)، حملونقل (467/0)، دفع نهایی (43/0) و مشارکت (324/0) در بالابردن کیفیت عملکرد دهیاران تأثیر فراوانی دارند؛ اما متأسفانه شاخص تفکیک و بازیافت (148/0) هیچگونه اثرگذاری مثبتی بر کیفیت عملکرد دهیاران در سطح منطقه نداشته است. بررسی عملکرد مدیران محلی بر مدیریت پسماند سکونتگاههای روستایی بخش ساربوک بهتفکیک روستا نیز نشان داد که روستای ساربوک (مقدار آمارة 803/0) و حمیری (مقدار آمارة 648/0) در رتبههای اول و دوم دارای میزان عملکرد و اثرگذاری بالا و رضایتبخشی هستند.
IntroductionThe occurrence of factors such as population growth, economic development, welfare, changing consumption patterns and etc. The Produce massive amounts of waste unbridled rural, it’s led to creation of serious and newly crisis in the rural settlements. The Necessity to protect the environment of rural settlements (environmental, social and economic) through structural factors (local institutions managers) requires an influence. The aim of the research, Emphasize a new approach to evaluate and prioritize Dhyary performance and the factors that affect the development of waste management in the South East of the country's rural settlements.Change of life style and consumption pattern and population increasing in urban and rural community had been caused to produce of massive amount of waste and Garbage. This trend, change rural waste nature from perishable material to imperishable such as paper, Plastic, mental and …. From other side, municipal waste transition and Increase in per capita output had waste quantity issues that create significant amount of perishable and imperishable waste Distribution and increasing around streets and rural settlements. The continuation of this process in the future could be result in great environmental pollution of rural regions. Therefore, rural Waste Management is one of the most important activities for prevention of damages and hazards related to human and his living environment especially in rural area. Dehyar, as a one of the rural managers, is bounded to supervision and assessing of garbage gathering and exclusion, positive interaction and participation with health officials and health care centers, and the other rural institutions. MethodologyThis study is objective based and has descriptive- analyzing methodology, by using of questionnaire that designed through of theorical literature and field study. Finally, after primary study, measures and indexes of study had been extracted and applied for questionnaire designing. In next stage, 452 people as Households selected for community samples in 15 rural points. The sampling way was Targeted and based on existence of rural managers (Dehyars) in rural points. Data gathering and analyzing had been done in Sarbook rural district through of statistical methods, too. Results and discussion The gained result of study show that there is direct and meaningful relation (confidence: 0.73) between waste management and local managers duties and turnovers that contain separation and recycling, gathering and maintaining, transport, final disposal and participation. These findings show that increasing of efficiency and enhance the quality of local managers (Council and Dhyars) of tasks and roles could increase waste management in rural settlement around their sphere of influence and adverse, too. Also, Dehyars performance efficiency on waste management in rural settlements based on regressions models is 0.533 that show significant and high efficiency in case study area. Gained result from Pierson correlation statistical confidence show that from 15 case study rural points, only 7 rural points had a strong and meaningful correlation. Among them, Sarbook, Hamiri and Hajiabad with 0.946, 0.789 and 0.716 had stronger and more correlation confidence rather than other rural points. ConclusionWith regard to gained result, must be emphasis on this fact that local manageress performance in case study area (all of them, with strong or weak correlation), in relation to waste management is unmeaning full in separation and recycling, and transport. It result from so many reasons as like as: weakness of local managers performance in some aspect like awareness, informing of rural community, lack of local training, inappropriate site selecting for garbage disposal and its neighboring to geographical phenomena, non-distributing trash bags to separate them, lack of temporary site for garbage collecting and fast disposal of them, low capacity of waste disposal sites, lack of appropriate financial resource, Final disposal of waste by combustion or incineration in rural environment and out of that, waste and garbage releasing in natural resources and forests, waters resource and rivers, lack of attention to environmental issues of rural area, in compare to other tasks of rural managers, lack of garbage trash in rural spaces for gathering and Separation (except some of rural like as sarbook and …), lack of sufficient and appropriate transporting vehicle, lack of enough and needed workers for waste management, lack of healthy awareness billboard and training tools in rural area, lack of rural councils participation in waste management and est.According to the findings of the investigation and prevention of pollution in rural settlements and as well as accelerating the development of new perspectives and restoring and creating of an integrated management system, targeted and safe programmed to improve the production waste material in case study region is necessary. In addition, to inform and empower the local performance of manager’s information, education, and use of local skills and can help waste management, applications and operations.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54908_41c6caba71e6b99d31975dcfab413f26.pdf
بخش ساربوک
پسماند روستایی
عملکرد دهیاران
مدیریت پسماند
مدیریت روستایی
Rural Waste
Performance of Dhyary
waste management
rural management
Sarbok District
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
299
322
10.22059/jrur.2015.54909
54909
Research Paper
نیازسنجی آموزشی جوانان روستایی شهرستان ورامین در زمینة کارآفرینی بهمنظور راهاندازی کسبوکارهای صنایعدستی روستایی
Entrepreneurship training needs of rural youth to setup businesses in rural handicrafts
مرتضی اکبری
mortezaakbari@ut.ac.ir
1
رضا غلامزاده
yavaranefarda@gmail.com
2
زهرا آراستی
arasti@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
رضا غلامزاده.دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
زهرا آراستی.دانشیار دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران
تجربیات توسعة روستایی در کشورها نشان میدهند که توسعة روستایی فقط با تزریق سرمایه و فناوری محقق نمیشود و عوامل بسیاری در این زمینه مؤثرند. یکی از عواملی که امروزه بهعنوان راهکار اساسی در توسعة روستایی شناخته میشود، توجه به آموزشهای کارآفرینی به جوانان روستایی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، نیازسنجی آموزشی جوانان روستایی در زمینة کارآفرینی برای راهاندازی کسبوکارهای صنایعدستی روستایی بود. در تحقیق حاضر از روش کمّی استفاده شد. جامعة آماری تحقیق، جوانان روستایی شهرستان ورامین بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده 380 نفر انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامهای بود که براساس مطالعات نظری و مصاحبه با کارآفرینان نوپا تدوین شد و روایی آن از طریق روایی صوری و محتوایی محاسبه شد. پایایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد و نشان داد که شاخصهای تحقیق پایایی نسبتاً مناسبی دارند. دادهها با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS18 تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که در بعد دانشی نیازهای بازاریابی و روشهای تأمین مالی؛ در بعد مهارتی، فعالیت با منابع محدود و توانایی ارائة مطلب و در بعد نگرشی؛ خودآگاهی و پشتکار اولویتهای نخست را به خود اختصاص دادند. طبق نتایج بهدستآمده، جوانان در هر سه بعد نیازمند آموزش هستند و سیاستگذاران و برنامهریزان آموزشی باید به آن توجه کافی داشته باشند.
Entrepreneurship training needs of rural youth to setup businesses in rural handicrafts IntroductionRural development is a dynamic process that can grow in various dimensions. For the past three decades, the concept of rural development has evolved from agricultural, economic and social development of rural poor to the inclusive development. In the last few decades, rural development has been expanded in different countries, through research has indicated that only infusion of capital and technology can improve the rural poverty and other factors can play influential roles. Entrepreneurship training particularly among rural youths has been considered as a contributing factor to rural development. Entrepreneurship training provides a systematic improvement of the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills required by rural youths to establish and run a new business. Youth in rural areas of many developing countries are involved in a range of household-based and farm and off-farm activities, though; they are still encounter the challenge of unemployment due to their low incomes from the activities. Poverty coupled with the lack of voice and of job opportunities created a sense of hopelessness that discourage the rural youth from active involvement in business creation activities. Due to the lack of training opportunities and weak services in rural areas, most rural youths are engaged in traditional subsistence agriculture where the main activities are production and small-scale animal husbandry. However, youth do not regard traditional subsistence agriculture as employment and many of them desire a job in other non-agriculture-based areas with higher income possibilities. Finding and maintaining employment requires broad-based occupational and specific job-related skills. These skills can be acquired through being engaged in the job and/or training institutions. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was assessing the entrepreneurship training needs of rural youths in order to setup businesses in handicraft in the rural area of Varamin, one of the big cities of Tehran, Iran. MethodIn the present study an exploratory mixed research method (MRM) (qualitative-quantitative) was used. In the qualitative method phase, case study was used and the population included all the experts in the rural handicraft. A purposive sampling method was used to select the cases. After semi-structured interviews with 10 of the experts, theoretical saturation was reached. The population of the quantitative survey was the rural youths (20-35 years old) living in rural areas of Varamin city and 380 of them were selected using the simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was developed based on the literature and interviews with entrepreneurs and the model of Borich. The questionnaire included items on knowledge (16 items), skills (15 items) and attitudes (12 items). The validity of questionnaire was assessed with experts and the reliability of it was calculated using Cronbach’s-alpha. More specifically, the Cronbach’s-alpha for knowledge was 0.94, for skills was 0.94 and for attitudes was 0.9. Therefore, the instrument was highly reliable. In the qualitative phase of the research, data were analyzed by using the constant comparative method and at the quantitative phase the data were analyzed using SPSS18 software. ResultsThe results showed that regarding business experience, over 72 percent of the youths in the study had the experience of setting up and/or collaborating in a business. Furthermore, the males had higher experience in setting up and/or collaborating in a business than females. Also, entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial skills at the top and then skills placed at the end of their attention respectively 4.19, 4.14, and 4.04. The results of priority setting showed that, in the knowledge area, marketing and financing needs and awareness of the law and provisions of the business and commerce. In relation to the skills, the results showed working with limited resources, ability to provide content, creativity in designing and production, and the attitude included awareness, assiduity, initial interest and being clear career path to the highest priorities first. The result of ANOVA showed that only there were significant differences between the groups in their age in the skill. Conclusion The results showed that young people in all three dimensions require training and education and therefore policymakers and planners should pay attention to the young people in the rural areas. The managers should also assess not only the young people, but also all beneficiaries. Studies showed that entrepreneurship can be taught, however the first important step in the educational planning process is identifying the desired goals. We think this result is not only true for Varamin, Tehran, Iran, but also can be a case in the globe. In addition, this result can be extended for all industry.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54909_b88c6762230403cf34b9e92ccf45e547.pdf
جوانان روستایی
دانش
مدل بوریچ
مهارت
نگرش
نیازسنجی
Need assessment
Rural youth
Knowledge
Attitude
Skills
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
323
342
10.22059/jrur.2015.54910
54910
Research Paper
تحلیل موانع و راهکارهای توسعه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی دهستان گوراب پس فومن
Analysis of barriers and solutions to the development of rural women's entrepreneurship in Gurabpass Rular, foman
مجید یاسوری
yasoori@um.ac.ir
1
محمدباسط قرشی
mbaset@yahoo.com
2
ژیلا وطنخواه
vatankhah@yaho.com
3
دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه گیلان
استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رشت
ژیلا وطنخواه، دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی روستایی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی رشت
توسعة کارآفرینی بهعنوان راهبردی کارآمد برای حل معضل بیکاری، توسعة اقتصادی، فقرزدایی و عدالت اجتماعی بهویژه در جوامع روستایی ضرورت دارد. ازآنجاکه بخش عظیمی از جامعة روستایی را زنان تشکیل میدهند، کارآفرینی آنان اهمیت ویژهای دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی قابلیتها، موانع و ارائة راهکارهای توسعة کارآفرینی زنان در دهستان گورابپس شهرستان فومن انجام شد. جامعة آماری تحقیق، 4475 نفر از زنان 15 سال و بالاتر ساکن در این دهستان هستند که 357 نفر بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. جمعآوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام شد و روایی و پایایی آن بهترتیب با نظر جمعی از متخصصان و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. اطلاعات بهدستآمده با استفاده از مدل تحلیل عاملی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان دادند سه عامل انگیزش و پشتکار، قابلیتهای طبیعی و قابلیتهای فردی که از عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة کارآفرینی بهشمار میآیند، در زنان این دهستان وجود دارد. در بررسی موانع کارآفرینی میتوان به کمبود امکانات، عوامل فرهنگی، مالی، دولتی و عوامل خانوادگی و فردی اشاره کرد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهند که با وجود موانع، زمینههای فردی و محیطی لازم برای ایجاد و توسعة کسبوکار زنان روستایی در این محدوده وجود دارد.
1.INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship is the main axes of development of each country. Entrepreneurship as an effective strategy to solve the problems of unemployment, economic development, poverty alleviation and social justice, especially in rural communities, is need. Since, women are a large part of the rural population and their entrepreneurship is important. The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities, constraints, and ultimately provide solutions for women entrepreneurship development in rural Gurabpass. Evaluation of the entrepreneurial process is important for the following reasons: The first reason is that entrepreneurship actives innovation and technological changes. So, it can create economic growth.
Second reason, “on the basis of whatever economists have expressed” is that entrepreneurial activity is a process which are in balance by supply and demand. The third reason is that entrepreneurship is an important process which makes a move from new knowledge to goods and services. Fourth, it is an important profession that we need to know its role and function in development of human and intellectual capital.
The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities, constraints, and ultimately provide solutions for women entrepreneurship development in rural Gurabpass. This research is applicable and the survey was conducted.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The root of entrepreneurship term is belonging to French literature. Joseph Schumpeter (1911) believed that entrepreneurship is the engine of economic development. Reagan (2002) is believed that, rural entrepreneurship, providing employment, increasing income and wealth, and improves the quality of life and help the local people to participate in economic activities.
Entrepreneurship barriers is divided in three categories by Mohammadi (1390) : cultural, social and economic.
Sayyed Hassan Motiee Langroodi et empowerment (1390)factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas malayer city looked beats and Samen. The results of this research have been shown that personality and environmental factors impact in increasing of rural capability for building and business development.
Alidoust S. (1391) in her article titled “priority of barriers in development of rural women entrepreneurship in city of Garmsar” announced that economic and educational barriers are to the most important barriers in pathway of the development of rural women entrepreneurship, respectively
3.METHODOLOGY
This research is applied and the method has been used is qualitative and quantitative. for data collection, library’s and field studies have been used. In field studies, data in two parts of personal information and barriers of development of rural women entrepreneurship has been collected and completed in the form of questionnaires. For additional information, in addition of questionnaires; interviews, observation, photograph and etc. has been used. After data collection, SPSS software for coding has been used and after data entry, process has been done. To define and analysis of data, a factor analysis (principal component rotation method, varimax method of Kaiser criterion), were used.
4.DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
In this study, data was collected in order to investigation of barriers and capabilities of development of rural women Entrepreneurship and by use of rotating method, main components, Varimax and Kaiser Criteria were factor analyzed. Field data showed that women living in studied range have necessary capabilities for development of entrepreneurship and creation of business. Three factors include of “motivation and perseverance, personality and rural capabilities for women entrepreneurship development” were identified in studied area, respectively. Five hinder entrepreneurship development were identified in order of priority are: cultural barriers - learning, lack of facilities, lack of financial resources, both public and personal obstacles. However, field data showed that these people have not benefited from effective training and efficient.
The results shown that the women’s living in this rural, have motivation, perseverance and individual ability to be an entrepreneur. Also, there is a natural and historical context such as cave Fusheh, castles Rod- khan, lush landscapes and untouched forests in the district of Gurabpass for development of entrepreneurship.
5.SUGGESTIONS
Therefore, we concluded that this rural and their women’s have good abilities for entrepreneurship development. By reducing the barriers of entrepreneurial, rural development is possible in this village by their women.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54910_658c3e72cd292a27874ffbcd4492eaa2.pdf
: توسعة کارآفرینی
زنان روستایی
قابلیت
گورابپس
موانع
capability
Barriers
Solution
Entrepreneurship Development
rural women
Gurabpass
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
343
368
10.22059/jrur.2015.54911
54911
Research Paper
بهرهبرداری از مراتع و لزوم متنوعسازی معیشت خانوارهای روستایی مطالعة موردی: شهرستان ماهنشان
Rangeland Use and Necessity of Diversification of Rural Households’ Livelihoods, a case study in the Mahneshan Township
Rangeland Use and Necessity of Diversification of Rural Households’ Livelihoods,
کبری کریمی
kkarimi2004@gmail.com
1
اسماعیل کرمی دهکردی
e.karamidehkordi@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
دانشیار گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعة روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان
بهرهبرداری بیرویه از منابع طبیعی تجدیدشونده و زیستگاه تأمینکنندة نیازهای معیشت بشر، وضعیت این منابع را بهرغم اهمیت زیستمحیطی آنها بهشدت نامطلوب کرده است. ازاینرو در پیشگرفتن تدابیری برای کاهش فشار بر این منابع و استفادة بهتر از آنها ضروری بهنظر میرسد. ادامة این روند علاوهبر کاهش بازده این منابع باعث تهدید معیشت بسیاری از خانوارهای بهرهبردار نیز خواهد شد. مقالة حاضر به بررسی بهرهبرداری جامعة روستایی در شهرستان ماهنشان (در استان زنجان) و لزوم متنوعسازی در معیشت آنان برای کاهش فشار بر منابع طبیعی میپردازد. این پژوهش از نوع مطالعات موردی است که دادههای آن با استفاده از مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته، تشکیل گروههای متمرکز، مشاهدة مشارکتی و ترسیم نقشههای روستا گردآوری شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای کمی از نرمافزار spss و برای دادههای کیفی از ابزار تحلیلی SWOT استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر، وابستگی زیاد بهرهبرداران به دام و مرتع را نشان میدهد، درحالیکه استعدادهای بالقوة دیگری در روستا وجود دارند که بهدرستی از آنها بهرهبرداری نمیشود. از مهمترین دلایل این مسئله میتوان به ضعف دانش و آگاهی بهرهبرداران و ضعف خدمات ترویجی اشاره کرد. باغداری، پرورش زنبور عسل و آبزیپروری ازطریق آموزش و ترویج روستاییان، راهکارهایی جایگزین یا مکمل دامداری برای ارتقای درآمد و بهبود معیشت بهرهبرداران و همچنین ممانعت از کاهش دام و فشار بر مراتع بهشمار میآیند. با تقویت دانش و مهارت بهرهبرداران ازطریق برنامههای ترویج کشاورزی و اعمال دیگر سیاستها میتوان انتظار داشت که در آینده از فشار بر منابع طبیعی کاسته شود و از سایر سرمایهها و استعدادها نیز بهرهبرداری درستی بهعمل آید.
Introduction
The environmental importance of rangelands and the dependency of a large proportion of Iran's population on these resources have challenged policy makers in recent decades to seek sustainably appropriate approaches for managing these resources. This needs the integration of human activities, livestock keeping and rangelands use. Rangelands are considered as an ecosystem for providing human livelihood needs, particularly rural households, but they are in a critical condition due to their excessive use. It is necessary to take strategies for reducing overpressure on these resources, because the continuation of this trend not only decreases their productivity, but it may threaten the livelihood of many users’ households. This paper is to investigate how a rural community uses rangelands. It is also to understand the necessity of their livelihood diversification for reducing overpressure on natural resources. Moreover, this paper aims to identify the factors affecting the degradation of natural resources and to provide strategies for their management.
Materials and methods
The study was conducted in the Ghozloo Village, located in the Mahneshan Township of the Zanjan Province, in the Northwest Iran using an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory case study. The qualitative data of this exploratory case study were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observations and mapping technique, group discussions in focus groups, excursion in rangeland and farms, and the rapid rural appraisal techniques. Furthermore, the quantitative data were collected using structured interviews through a questionnaire technique. For the increasing the validity and reliability of the research, the triangulation approach was utilized to evaluate results based on different methods and from different aspects. The survey was embedded in the case study and a sample of 20 rural participations was interviewed. The results of this study can be considered for theoretical and analytical generalisability, though it is statistically limited. The qualitative data were analyzed using the coding and the content analysis of sentences and phrases through categorizing techniques. Quantitative data were also analyzed using the descriptive methods through the statistical software of SPSS.
Results and discussion
Research results show that about 2700 hectares of the study area is covered by rangelands, which are considered as the common properties of the rural community and are used in a collective farming system. The rural community was located in an area with 36 km distance from the main road and 56 km from the township centre. This remote area made the community isolated from the decision-making institutions and input and extension service providers. More than 50% of the rural household heads, as participants, were middle-aged with the education at illiterate or low-literate levels. Most of the youth had migrated to the urban areas. These issues may affect the adoption of new technologies to improve their livelihoods. Most rural households mainly depended on livestock holding without any significant diversification in their livelihoods. They had a small number of livestock per household, but the total number of community livestock was more than the rangeland capacity, over twice the capacity. This made overpressure on the rangelands due to excessive overgrazing as well as early and late grazing pressure. This has led to the degradation and biodiversity loss of the ecosystem. While there were alternative potential strategies in the area, such as cropping, orchard development and bee keeping, they were used at a very small scale with low productivity due to lack of enough knowledge of the rural households and lack of extension services in this area.
Conclusion
It is necessary to take appropriate actions for managing the factors can escalate unsustainable use of natural resources. One of these actions can be referred to the diversification of livelihood strategies to reduce dependency and overpressure on rangeland. There may be impossible to change the full dependency on rangelands to other activities due to the geographical location of the community, the constraints for linking to urban markets and the natural capitals available in the area. However, through diversification, it is possible to utilize alternative livelihood strategies as supplementary activities to reduce livestock number and overpressure on rangelands, increase employment, improve livelihoods and conserve natural resources. This approach is considered as a method for governing natural resources to use rangelands, arable lands and permanent lands sustainably. This perspective requires the support of external actors. For example, agricultural extension programs can facilitate the enhancement of human capacities, particularly knowledge and skills of households, as well as their social capital. The SWOT analysis shows that the main strengths can facilitate this perspective are availability of cropping, orchard plant cultivation, bee keeping and availability of water resources and rangelands. The main weaknesses are rural population illiteracy and low literacy, lack of enough knowledge for using the existing capabilities, and lack of access to required finance and inputs. Therefore, improving knowledge and skills and increasing their interactions with external actors, can enhance both natural resources conservation and livelihood diversification.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54911_dc0caa29707449d20fff350016274d9a.pdf
بهرهبرداری
متنوعسازی
معیشت
معیشتهای روستایی
منابع طبیعی
Rangeland Use and Necessity of Diversification of Rural Households’ Livelihoods
a case study in the Mahneshan Township
Rangeland Use and Necessity of Diversification of Rural Households’ Livelihoods
a case study in the Mahneshan Township
rural livelihoods
Natural Resources Management
extension
diversification
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
369
388
10.22059/jrur.2015.54912
54912
Research Paper
ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی- اقتصادی بازارچة مرزی سِرو بر توسعة مناطق روستایی پیرامون
Assessing the Socio-economic Impacts of the Border Market of Sero on Development of Surrounding Rural Areas
عابد ابراهیمی مستکانی
abed.ebrahimi@ymail.com
1
مصطفی احمدوند
mahmadvand@yu.ac.ir
2
کارشناس ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
ـ دانشیار ترویج و توسعة کشاورزی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج
پژوهش حاضر به ارزیابی تأثیرات اجتماعی- اقتصادی بازارچة مرزی سِرو (در استان آذربایجان غربی) بر توسعة مناطق روستایی پیرامون پرداخته است. در این مطالعه از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بهره گرفته شد. جامعة آماری پژوهش، روستاهای پیرامون بازارچة سِرو بودند. منطقة مطالعهشده براساس نظر کارشناسان به سه لایه با فاصلههای سه، شش و نُه کیلومتری از بازارچه دستهبندی شدند. درمجموع 14 روستا در این سه لایه شناسایی و مطالعه شدند. در هر روستا بهروش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده، سرپرست خانوار مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفت. جمعآوری دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامة محققساخته انجام شد. برای تعیین اعتبار ابزار پژوهش از اظهار نظر استادان و متخصصان ذیربط و برای تعیین پایایی آن از همسانی درونی بهروش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شد. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 66/0 تا 84/0 برای متغیرهای گوناگون بهدست آمد که نشان از بهینگی پرسشنامه داشت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS19 بهره گرفته شد. یافتههای تحلیل واریانس نشان دادند که بین روستاها (سه لایة مورد مطالعه) از نظر وضعیت شاخصهای اقتصادیـ اجتماعی، تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. تأثیر بازارچة سِرو بر شاخصهای رفاه اجتماعی، اقتصاد روستایی، صنایعدستی و مشارکت اجتماعی در روستاهای لایة اول (سهکیلومتری) مشهود و بهصورت کاهشی بود. از طرفی در لایههای دوم و سوم ازنظر شاخصهای مذکور تفاوتی مشاهده نشد، بنابراین بازارچه موجب کاهش وضعیت این شاخصها شده است و اثر کاهشی بر کیفیت زندگی تا لایة دوم قابل رهگیری است. تحلیل اثر کل نشان میدهد که محدودة تأثیر این بازارچه تا شعاع ششکیلومتری بوده و اثر اقتصادی آن در منطقة روستایی پیرامون بیش از اجتماعی و کاهشی بوده است.
Development projects and trade plans in Iran and many developing countries have been criticized for their detrimental effects on various aspects, and sustainability at large. Accordingly, there is a widespread consensus about the importance of impact assessment of these plans on rural areas. Then, in line with the triple bottom line approach from sustainable development, the impact assessment is of particular important in considering the sustainability of development project and plans. In this regard, establishing Border Markets are one of these plans that the government implemented to develop regions specially border areas in Iran. The basic goals ratified by these border markets are: to raise the socioeconomic standard of living of local people, to create permanent legal jobs, to reduce smuggling, and finally to provide legal sources of revenue for them. It is while that seems the common border markets of Iran which have been established to improve the welfare and income of local people have not been so much successful in attainment of their goals, and unemployment, smuggling, and illegal trades in border towns are still tough problems for people and government authorities. The Sero Border Market is a plan to develop border region especially rural areas of Somae-Barasou County. Somae-Brasou is located in the west of West Azerbaijan Province, at a distance of 45 KMs from Urmia, the capital town of the province. It neighbors Turkey. The Sero Border Market as a great development plan in the West Azarbaijan province was started in 1991 in high potential region. Establishing the market potentially caused many social, economic and environmental changes in surrounding rural areas. Therefore, the objects of this study were:
• To screen the impacts of Sero Border Market on development of surrounding rural areas;
• To scope the impacts of Sero Border Market on development of surrounding rural areas; and
• To model rang and levels of Sero Border Market’s impacts.
The study will make certain suggestions to raise local people’s income resources, to increase exports and therefore to raise foreign exchange revenues, to develop business knowledge of local people, and finally make some practical and useful suggestions to correct and improve the performance of common border markets.
The study was discovery quantitative research methodology. The research method also was descriptive-analytical in the form of comparative approach. The comparative design is an accepted research technique for exploring the impacts that cannot be manipulated experimentally. Statistic population of the study was the rural people who lived in the villages that surrounding by the market. For this purpose, the villages were categorized in three group distance of three, six, and nine kilometers from the market with the aid of Arc-GIS software. Fifteen villages are investigated in the study. Six villages from the first, six from the second, and three from the third layer were selected and investigated. The sample size of the rural people was determined by using the sampling size table given by Patten. The final sample included 204 heads of households from villages with the market were selected. Accordingly, 40 % of rural people in each village participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data with the aid of questionnaire containing open and closed questions. For this purpose, a complete list of the items regarding impacts was developed.
The impact items were categorized in 10 impact criteria by a panel of experts. They include: demographic characteristics, structure, perceived wellbeing, social capital, social participation, social structure development, quality of life, agriculture, and economic conditions, conservation of community resources, and living pattern and model. Due to determining the reliability of the questionnaire, internal contingency by Cronbach’s Alpha value was implemented that the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0.66 to 0.84) were confirmed the questionnaire. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical package (version 19 for widows), which consisted of reliability measures, ANOVA test, and path analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Findings showed that the market has declined some criteria such as social welfare, rural economic, development of handicraft, social participation, and quality of life. Meanwhile, the great declining was in the rural people's economic criteria. In the other hands, social welfare, rural economic, development of handicraft, social participation, and quality of life were declined by the Sero Border Market. Also, the market has had an impact only on the villages at a distance of six kilometers. Furthermore, results of a path analysis suggested that the age, income and attitude toward the market were the most factors explaining evaluation towards impacts of border market of Sero.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54912_04750bca920030b04c1acdca4c383df0.pdf
بازارچة مرزی
تأثیرات اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی
توسعة روستایی
سِرو
Rural Development
Border Market
Industrialization
Socioeconomic impact
Sero
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
389
410
10.22059/jrur.2015.54914
54914
Research Paper
ارزیابی میزان تأثیرگذاری دانش بومی بر پایداری توسعة کشاورزی مطالعة موردی: روستاهای دهستان گوگتپة شهرستان بیلهسوار
Evaluate the effectiveness of indigenous knowledge in sustainable agricultural development (study of area: Gogtapeh rural district of Bilehsavar county)
طاهره صادقلو
tsadeghloo@yahoo.com
1
عبداله عزیزی دمیرچیلو
ssojasi@yahoo.com
2
استادیار جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور بیله سوار
افزایش روزافزون آگاهیها در زمینة تأثیر سوء بسیاری از فناوریهای نوین بر منابع محیطی و ارزشهای سنتی اجتماعی بهویژه ارزشهای روستایی، تأکید بر دانش بومی را براى دستیابى به توسعه قوت بخشیده است. بهادادن به دانش بومى که مقدمة توجه همهجانبه به توسعه و یکی از اصول توسعة محلی بهشمار میآید، برگرفته از تجربیات بلاواسطه در طبیعت است که به شناخت موقعیتهای فرهنگی و محیطهای اجتماعی این جوامع مربوط میشود. دانش بومی اجتماعات روستایی، ابزار مهم مقابلة آنها با مسائل محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی و تداوم بقای اجتماعات روستایی برشمرده میشود. مقالة حاضر بهدنبال سنجش و ارزیابی نقش دانش بومی روستاهای دهستان گوگتپه در دستیابی به توسعة کشاورزی است، که با روششناسی توصیفی- تحلیلی و پیمایش میدانی ازطریق پرسشنامه انجام شد. جامعة نمونة تحقیق را 298 خانوار از ساکنان روستاهای نمونه تشکیل دادند که با فرمول کوکران تعیین شدند. نتایج تحقیق گویای تأثیرگذاری اندک و کمتر از حد متوسط دانش بومی بر مؤلفههای توسعة اقتصادی و اجتماعی و برعکس تأثیر زیاد آن بر ابعاد محیطی و حفظ منابع تولید در نواحی روستایی است. دلیل این امر را میتوان وابستگی به فناوریها و ابزار نوین و انطباقنداشتن آن با شرایط فعلی و قدرت ریسک پایین کشاورزان برشمرد.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
According to increasing awareness about abuse of modern technologies in many field on natural resources and traditional values of communities, especially, rural values, indigenous knowledge has been emphasized as an important base for successful and effective science to development. Indigenous knowledge (IK) is socio-economically affordable, sustainable, involves minimum risk to rural farmers and producers, and it is better for conserving natural resources. Attention to this kind of knowledge is needed and introduction for local and comprehensive development because, it result from direct experiments of natural environment that tie to identifying of cultural situation and social environment of these communities. Rural communities’ indigenous knowledge is one of the most important tools for coping with environmental, social and economical problems for rural life continuity. In recent years, despite to replacement of modern knowledge with past local and indigenous approaches, social and environmental impacts of modern technologies, has increased requirements of back to previous approaches and integrating indigenous knowledge with modern for gaining the best results of development. IK is an important part of the various fields, including agriculture, health, veterinary, and arts and crafts. For instance, the agricultural practices have increasingly proved to be productive, sustainable and ecologically sound, even under extraordinarily difficult conditions due to the utilization of IK in developing countries.
Methodology
In the social sciences, there are basically two approaches for carrying out: research quantitative (relational) and qualitative (explanatory). Considering to the nature of the study, the qualitative approach has been adopted to carryout research. The study investigates how we learn from local people and how they perceive, value, use and conserve the environment and natural resources (Braiones, 1996 and Mandonda, 1997). This study presents preliminary findings from a mixed methods research project and the primary objective of this paper is to identify the Indigenous Knowledge used in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable Agricultural performances in the developing countries. Therefore, current paper, measuring and assessing the role of rural indigenous knowledge in Gogtapeh rural district from Bilehsavar County on agricultural economic development by descriptive- analyzing methodology, is the main goal of research. For this regard, we use of field study and data gathering by questionnaire in case of study area. Our sample study includes 298 farmers of sample rural that chose by Cochran formula.
Finding
In the semi-structured interviews, 298 smallholder farmers participated in the study, where 88% were men and 12% were women. The gendered nature of the social, culture, economic and policy systems may have limited women farmers from participating in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 42, where the majority of the respondents (41.9%) were between 30 to 430 years, while (27.2%) respondents were between 20 to 30 years, and (21.5%) respondents were 40 to50 years. The findings showed that (64%) respondents had some level of formal schooling and about (36%) had College education. After data gathering and analyzing in SPSS software, gained result show that indigenous knowledge had a less than medium effect on economical dimensions as like as income, rate of production, decreasing of production cost, parsimony in production resources and had a significant effect on environmental and natural resource of rural area. Dependence to new technologies and its tools and low level of farmers risk acceptability are the main causes for these results. Also, based on VICOR techniques, Damircheloo and Babak rural points had most and less effect from indigenous knowledge in agricultural development.
Result and discussion
There is much to learn from the IK system if we are to move toward interactive technology development from the conventional transfer of technology approach, it is feasible, efficient and cost effective to learn from the village – level experts. The study findings showed that IK can be used to manage agricultural in the local Communities. Indigenous knowledge should be recorded and used to devise innovative research for agricultural researchers, extension workers, development practioners, and environmentalists for sustainable agriculture development and management of natural resources. Understanding and conserving Indigenous Knowledge will help to sustain farming practices which will not cause so much plant genetic erosion and environmental deterioration. Indigenous knowledge should cater for sustainable food security and conservation of the variety and variability of animals, plants and very vital soil properties such as physical, biological and chemical properties. Traditional knowledge is vital to sustainable development of natural resources. Sustainable agriculture development and conservation of resources could be significantly advanced if modern scientific knowledge could be incorporated with the traditional knowledge system. From the foregoing interaction with the farmers, it can be concluded that they have experiential wisdom which they use to conserve and select location specific indigenous paddy varieties for obtaining sustainable yields. Poor socio-economic conditions and risk prone biophysical conditions of farming do not permit the adoption of high energy based farming technologies by the tribal’s.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54914_0bf39ea9a895a152fcab7f2e6f64b35a.pdf
تحلیل عاملی
تکنیک VICOR
توسعة کشاورزی
دانش بومی
دهستان گوگتپه
rural area
Indigenous Knowledge
Economic Development
Agriculture
Gogtapeh rural districts
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
411
432
10.22059/jrur.2015.54915
54915
Research Paper
بررسی تأثیر میزان تعلقخاطر و رضایت از زندگی روستایی بر میزان مشارکت جوانان در فعالیتهای کشاورزی مطالعة موردی: شهرستان کرمانشاه
Effect of attachment and satisfaction levels of rural life in Kermanshah city, rural youth participation in agricultural activities
ثریا آستین فشان
s.astinfeshan@gmail.com
1
امیرحسین علی بیگی
baygi1@gmail.com
2
مصیب غلامی
gholami_mosayeb@yahoo.com
3
ـ کارشناس ارشد رشتة ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
ـ دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
ـ دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان تعلقخاطر و رضایت از زندگی جوانان روستایی و تأثیر آنها بر میزان مشارکت در فعالیتهای کشاورزی بهروش توصیفی ـ همبستگی انجام شد. جامعة آماری تحقیق، جوانان روستاهای شهرستان کرمانشاه (سه بخش سرفیروزآباد، ماهیدشت و مرکزی) بودند (34089N=) که با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری چندمرحلهای، 250 نفر بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمعآوری دادهها پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن را اعضای هیئت علمی دانشگاه رازی تأیید کردند و پایایی آن با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ 79/0 تأیید شد. تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از ابزار SPSS انجام شد. در بخش آمار توصیفی از میانگین و انحراف معیار و در بخش آمار استنباطی از همبستگی و رگرسیون استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان دادند که میزان تعلقخاطر جوانان به روستای خود با میانگین 65/3 و انحراف معیار 46/0 و میزان رضایتمندی آنان از زندگی روستایی با میانگین 90/2 و انحراف معیار 03/1، در حد متوسط است. مشارکت جوانان در فعالیتهای کشاورزی در حد نسبتاً خوب ارزیابی شد. رگرسیون خطی نشان داد که 43 درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته (مشارکت در امور کشاورزی) را دو متغیر مستقل (تعلقخاطر و رضایتمندی از زندگی روستایی) تبیین میکنند. بیشترین میزان سطح تحصیلات را جوانانی با سطح تحصیلات دیپلم دارند (5/34 درصد) که نشان میدهد سطح سواد اکثر جوانان روستاها در سطح پایینی قرار دارد. پیشنهاد میشود برنامهریزان و سیاستگذاران در برنامههای خود حداکثر توجه را به آموزش روستاها داشته باشند.
Introduction: The youth of today and tomorrow as manufacturers, our country plays an important role in the sustainable development of the country. In the rural youth are very important. Because they are produced in the country is very important. On the other hand, young people through the "career development" seeking social mobility and change their social status are somewhat unrealistic and utopian forgot to think about. But it seems some factors can encourage rural youth to live and work in the rural environment. Especially rural youth living in rural and prevents premature and dangerous migration to the cities. That's why one of the most important tasks of the government's awareness of the needs and desires of young people by trying to achieve this goal. Now the efforts of developing countries to preserve their employment conditions of rural youth in rural areas and to provide career opportunities for agriculture to provide jobs for rural youth. However, factors such as education, media and facilities in cities and gap between urban and rural areas has led to increased levels of rural youth aspirations and desires and even the tendency to be different. All these factors have left their migration the villages to urban by young people. This study was conducted to assess the fixation and life satisfaction of rural youth and its impact on participation in agricultural activities according to the descriptive - correlation method.
Methodology: The youth rural population of the city of Kermanshah were investigated using a multi-stage sampling, 250 person were selected as sample. Data collection was done by questionnaire that received its validity by faculty members of Razi University of Kermanshah and its reliability by alpha Cronbach`s 0.79. Data analysis was done by SPSS. The study of the nature of qualitative research, the purpose of the application to the facts and data processing methods in the investigation of description-correlation. Face and content validity to the questionnaire, 10 members of the academic disciplines and Measurement, rural sociology, agricultural extension and rural planning and scholars and experts and Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah line after study profound questions and comments questionnaire items were declared themselves after interviews with these people and discuss theories about the reform was necessary. Data analysis was performed using Spss. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation of the statistical correlation and regression.
Disscosion: Our results indicate that mean and standard deviation of fixation of young people face to their villages was 3.65 and 0.46, respectively and mean and standard deviation of their life satisfaction was modest 2.90 and 1.03, respectively. The result showed Culture in the village accepted it and believe, that's the most important issues of rural youth belonging to remember. Youth participation in the agricultural activity included: Dismantling, transporting the product to the warehouse, segmentation, plowing and leveling land. The results indicate that young people in rural areas are still things that are very valuable to them. It is suggested that with respect to these beliefs, conditions and opportunities for young people in rural areas to maintain these associations, youth participation in agricultural and live-action are interested in the countryside. The highest youth participation in agricultural activities in the field of agriculture. So it was fitting that the young people in other fields-are involved, and this requires knowledge and training. As the results showed, rural youth, educational facilities, health services were moderately satisfied. Youth from rural facilities are satisfactory overall average.
Conclusion: Youth participation in agricultural activities, agricultural activities were assessed as relatively good. Linear regression showed that 43% of changes in the dependent variable (participation in agricultural activities) is explained by the two independent variables (fixation and rural life satisfaction). The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction and sense of belonging to the youth of the village and the city of Kermanshah's participation in agricultural activities. As the results showed, the highest level of education to young people with education diploma accounted-up (5/34%), which indicates the fact that the later years, the level of education of the youth of the village at the bottom is located. It is suggested that planners and policy-makers in their programs cover the maximum attention to rural education. As a result, it increases the level of youth participation in agricultural activities. It is recommended that a condition be provided to the satisfaction of youth from rural areas and improved facilities and to increase the youth belonging to the villages. As a result, it increases the level of youth participation in agricultural activities.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54915_ca536da57cf477b3f2af7355f9497545.pdf
تعلق خاطر
جوانان روستایی
رضامندی
کشاورزی
مشارکت
fixation
Satisfaction
Rural youth
participation
agriculture activities
per
دانشگاه تهران
پژوهشهای روستائی
2008-7373
2423-7787
2015-08-23
6
2
433
457
10.22059/jrur.2015.54916
54916
Research Paper
سنجش کیفیت محیط روستاهای گردشگری مطالعة موردی: بخش آسارا- شهرستان کرج
Assessment of Environment quality of Villages' tourism
Case: Asara County
سعید رضا اکبریان
sr_akbarian@yahoo.com
1
رعنا شیخ بیگلو
r_shaykh@shirazu.ac.ir
2
استادیار بخش جغرافیا، دانشگاه شیراز
ـ استادیار بخش جغرافیا، دانشگاه شیراز
توسعة گردشگری در نواحی روستایی از مؤلفههای گوناگونی تأثیر میپذیرد که از جمله میتوان به کیفیت محیطی این نواحی که در رضایتمندی ساکنان محلی و گردشگران مؤثر است، اشاره کرد. ارتقای کیفیت محیطی روستاهای گردشگری مستلزم شناخت و سنجش کیفیت محیطی روستاست. در پژوهش حاضر، کیفیت محیطی روستاهای گردشگری بخش آسارا بررسی شده است. این تحقیق از نوع کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفیـ تحلیلی است. بهمنظور گردآوری دادههای مورد نیاز از دو روش اسنادی و میدانی (ابزار پرسشنامه) استفاده شد. در روش پرسشنامهای، دادههای مورد نیاز در قالب دو نوع پرسشنامة سرپرست خانوار و گردشگران در سطح پنج روستای نمونه گردآوری و برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای آماری استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان دادند که از دیدگاه هر دو جامعة نمونة پژوهش، کیفیت محیطی روستاها بالاتر از حد متوسط است. البته از نظر گردشگران، وضعیت کیفیت محیطی روستاهای مطالعهشده مناسبتر از ارزیابی مردم بود. نتایج نشان دادند که براساس دیدگاه گردشگران، بین شاخصهای کیفیت محیطی مطالعهشده، شاخص کیفیت عملکردیـ ساختاری بیشترین تأثیر را بر جذب و توسعة گردشگری داشته است.
Assessment of Environment Quality of Rural Tourism DestinationsCase: Asara County (Karaj Township)
Received: 8/12/2014 Accepted: 26/5/2015
Saeed Reza Akbarian Ronizi, Assist. Prof., Department Geography, Shiraz University
Rana Shaykh-Baygloo, Assist. Prof., Department Geography, Shiraz University
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Environment quality is one of the main issues in development; In fact, the cause of much of the behavioral abnormalities -meanwhile having historical, cultural or economical source- has root in the quality of residential and work spaces. A high quality environment gives the residents a sense of welfare and satisfaction through its physical, social or symbolic attributes. So, the quality of environment of human settlements and especially rural areas of tourism destinations depends on the quality of infrastructures and well management. Tourists consider different points as tourism destinations, from natural original regions to historical and cultural sites, fairs and festivals. Each of these destinations has its own specific environment, which is supported by population of its functional and distributional area; two mentioned natural and human environments are influenced by development of tourism activities. However, tourism destination attributes affect on perceived quality by tourists, and the perceived quality relates to tourists’ satisfaction and their behavioral tendencies. The relationship between satisfaction and behavioral tendencies has been confirmed. So, environment quality is one of the effective factors of rural tourism development that plays an important role in local residents’ and tourists’ satisfaction. Regarding the importance of environment quality and its various components in the way of rural tourism development, this paper evaluates the environment quality of rural tourism destinations located in Asara county in the province of Alborz, and answers these questions: 1) how is the level of environment quality of rural tourism destinations in Asara? 2) Is there significant difference between the viewpoints of local residents and tourists about environment quality of studied villages? 3) Is there significant relationship between tourists’ viewpoint on environment quality and attracting tourists?
Research method
This paper is an applied research whose method is descriptive. Needed data has been gathered through library studies and field work. The basis of field work is questionnaire whose questions organized in nominal, ordinal and interval scales. Statistical population is the villages having more than 50 households in Asara County; based on some criteria such as population, distance and local reputation in tourism, five villages including Velayatrud, Nesa, Shahrestanak, Aderan and Tekye-Sepahsalar were selected. In this paper, the unit of analysis is heads of households and tourists. Sample size was calculated by Cochran's test (confidence level of 95% and significance level of 0.05) led to selection of 296 heads of households from 1299 local households in five villages, and 322 tourists. Based on library studies and content analysis, it was selected 40 criteria within 7 indicators including structural and functional quality, quality of tourism attractions, visual quality, environmental quality, quality of texture and transportation network, social environment quality, and environment dynamism. Analysis of attracting tourists was done through studying the indicators of the attractiveness of the village, Willingness to visit again, stimulating others to visit village, and Tendency to tourism development. Descriptive and Inferential statistics was applied for data analysis.
Results
Results show that among studied criteria, maximum and minimum amount of total mean are related to the “beauty of rural landscapes” from the set of quality of tourism attraction criteria, and “parking facilities” from structural and functional quality indicator, respectively. Since, from the viewpoint of population, maximum and minimum amount of total mean are belonged to the criteria of “accessibility to financial services” and “construction harmony”. Results of tourists’ viewpoint analysis show that the criteria of “beauty of attractions” and “local guides’ cooperation” have gained the maximum and minimum amount of mean respectively. Besides, analysis of the viewpoints of local residents and tourists in the level of total indicators show the significant difference just in “the quality of tourism attractions” and “environmental quality”. In the level of detailed criteria, Mann-Whitney test show significant difference between local residents’ and tourists’ viewpoints about some criteria such as “host services”, “basic curative facilities”, “leisure facilities”, “place palatability”, etc.
Conclusion
In the way of achieving sustainable development of tourism in rural areas, it is necessary to recognize, assessment and promotion of the environment quality of tourism destinations. So, the present study has evaluated the environment quality of rural tourism destinations located in Asara County in Alborz province. Results showed that environment quality of studied villages is upper than average from the viewpoint of two mentioned groups. It is notable that the tourists’ assessment of environment quality is more proper in comparison to local residents. Results also show that among septet total indicators, indicator of “structural and functional quality” has more effect on attracting tourist.
Overall, based on the findings of the study, the following issues can aid planners and tourism beneficiaries in the way of creating more sustainable and high quality tourism villages: Development and implementation of practical projects aiming at promotion of environment quality using the viewpoints of tourists and local residents, arrangement of rules and regulations for Protecting and improving the quality of various aspects of the rural environment, Developing a sense of responsibility among residents and tourists about rural environmental quality, and finally, Construction and development of appropriate recreational facilities for daily tourists.
https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_54916_8014338671c037c5a0f0e87aab1a877d.pdf
بخش اسارا
ساکنان محلی
کیفیت محیط
گردشگران
گردشگری روستایی
Rural tourism
Environment quality
Local residents
Tourists
Asara