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0 تبیین استلزامات ارتقاء نظام سیاست‌گذاری توسعه روستایی و عشایری ایران مبتنی بر سبک مدیریت جهادی Explanation of Requirements for Promoting Iran’s Rural and Nomadic Development Policymaking System based on Jihadi Management Style https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76854.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.302316.1498 0 مطالعه حاضر از طریق شناخت ویژگی‏ها و مؤلفه‏های مدیریت جهادی، به‌منظور تبیین استلزامات ارتقای نظام سیاست‌گذاری توسعه روستایی و عشایری انجام شده است. برای شناخت ویژگی‏ها و مؤلفه‏های مذکور، بیانات امام خمینی (ره) و مقام معظم رهبری (مدظله‏العالی) در بازه زمانی بین سال‏های 1358 تا 1397 با استفاده از نظریه‏پردازی داده‏بنیاد تحلیل شد. از 160 گزاره کلیدی، تعداد 469 کد باز اولیه، 102 کد باز ثانویه و 35 کد محوری به دست آمد که در قالب پنج بعد «ارزش‏ها و مبانی فکری و فلسفی سازمان»، «ساختار و فرهنگ سازمانی»، «ارزش‏های نگرشی کارکنان»، «ارزش‏های رفتاری کارکنان» و «مأموریت و چشم‏انداز سازمان»،  دسته‏بندی شدند. ازجمله مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‏های مدیریت جهادی پرهیز از ساختار اداری سلسله‏مراتبی عمودی، سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‏ریزی مبتنی بر شواهد میدانی و نیازهای روستائیان و عشایر، مشارکت‏محوری و اتخاذ رویکردهای پایین به بالا و چندبعدی‏نگری است که بر محور دستیابی به اهداف عالیه عدالت‏گستری و تعالی انسان‏ها به‏خصوص اقشار محروم انجام می‏شود. بر اساس ویژگی‏های جهادگران و نهاد جهاد سازندگی، پیشنهادهایی برای ارتقاء نظام سیاست‌گذاری توسعه روستایی و عشایری ایران ارائه شده که از آن جمله می‏توان به استقرار سیستم اطلاعات مدیریتی از پایین به بالا با استفاده از ظرفیت فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و تشکیل کمیته‏هایی در نواحی شهری با استفاده از ظرفیت معتمدان محلی و روحانیان کارآمد، در راستای بسیج جوانان و آحاد جامعه از صنوف و تخصص‏های مختلف برای مشارکت داوطلبانه در سازندگی و تعالی نواحی روستایی و عشایری اشاره کرد. 1 The rural development policymaking system has different agents including the public and private sectors. If the system continuously receives field information from rural and nomadic areas and processes them correctly, it can provide and implement efficient policies for achieving the supreme goals and a desirable future. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, a traditional paradigm was used to govern development. In this paradigm, based on the modernization doctrines and technocratic and bureaucratic principles, development merely referred to the economic growth; the participation of local communities had no value in the policy-making and management of development. In the present study, grounded theory has been employed as a method to analyze the statements made by Ayatollah Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei, respectively, as the former and current supreme leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran and extract the features and functions of the jihadi style of management. The aforementioned approach of the present study was adopted based on the fundamental role of these two supreme leaders in the formation and guidance of the Jihad of Construction. According to the experiences of Jihad of Construction, the perspective of the policymaking system of rural and nomadic development in Iran must be empowering and elevating people and making a good life possible through simultaneous attention to material and spiritual aspects of the lives of villagers and nomads. In recent years, owing to the dominance of hardware and basic needs approaches, the villagers and nomads have become passive settlers, whereas human capital is the main axis of development. 214 233 حجت ورمزیاری Hojjat Varmazyari استادیار، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran varmazyari2007@gmail.com محسن بابایی Mohsen Babaii کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran mohsenb4.1370@gmail.com خلیل کلانتری Khalil Kalantari استاد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran khalil_kalantari@yahoo.com Jihad of Construction Jihadi management Policymaking Rural and Nomadic Development People's Committees A collection of speeches by the Supreme Leader on dates: (2011/03/21); (2014/03/11); (2015/07/12); (2018/08/29); (2004/11/10); (2008/12/14); (2010/06/23); (2010/07/14); (1990/08/15); (1990/06/17); (1993/07/14); (1994/09/11) and (1982/04/08). Available on the site http://farsi.khamenei.ir##Ahmadian, A. (2014). Jihad Management Modeling "Using the Statements of the Supreme Leader", Defense policy, 22(3), 137-169, (In Persian).##Ashtarian, K. (2017). 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0 مفهوم‌سازی پدیدارشناسانه هسته نهادی برنامه‌ریزی فضایی راهبردی کیفیت محیطی روستاهای شهرستان کازرون Phenomenological Conceptualization of the Institutional Core of Spatial Planning of Environmental Quality in Kazeroun's Villages https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71815.html 10.22059/jrur.2019.268783.1301 0 پژوهش کنونی به دنبال مفهوم‌سازی هسته نهادی با رویکردی استفهامی - قیاسی در برنامه‌ریزی فضایی کیفیت محیطی روستاهای سُمغان و مُله‌انبار است. خط‌مشی‌های برنامه‌ریزی در این سکونتگاه‌ها بدون مشارکت بهره‌وران و بیشتر از بالا به پایین بوده که پیامدهای اجرای این سیاست‌ها بی‌توجهی به بن‌مایه درونی جریان‌های فضای زیست (شهروندان، فعالیت و کسب‌وکارها) با کیفیت محیطی پایین بوده است. همچنین تخصص‌محوری و بخشی‌نگری در برنامه‌ریزی‌ توسعه پایدار فضایی روستاهای مزبور و وجود رویکرد غالب کالبد‌ی که به جریان‌های اقتصادی، اجتماعی - فرهنگی و اکولوژیکی توجه لازم نداشته‌اند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش تدوین فرآیند مفهوم‌سازی هسته نهادی کیفیت محیطی برنامه‌ریزی فضایی بر پایه رویکرد مشارکتی و ذی‌نفعان روستایی است. این پژوهش که به روشی کیفی و رویکردی پدیدارشناسی در دو روستای سُمغان و مُله‌انبار و با مشارکت 42 تن از ذی‌نفعان این دو روستا با توجه به تجربه‌های زیسته آن‌ها به این موضوع پرداخته است که در طی پژوهش با تمرکز بر گروه‌های‌ روستایی و آیین و الگوهای رفتاری زندگی روزانه آن‌ها در قالب کارگاه‌های مشارکتی و با روش گلوله‌‌برفی به مطالعه کیفیت محیطی پرداخته است، افزون بر آن در چهارچوب این دو رویه روش برنامه‌ریزی از رویکردهای ارزیابی مشارکتی کیفیت محیطی، ارزیابی مشارکتی ارتباطات روستایی به تحلیل مفهوم‌ها پرداخته شد که با ابزارهایی مانند مصاحبه، بحث گروهی در چهارچوب مفاهیمی با 9 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و 9 کارگاه مشارکتی به سرانجام رسیده است که هسته‌ نهادی آن از دیدگاه مشارکت‌کنندگان تعریف روستا، کیفیت ارزش‌ها، دانش، راهبری، برنامه‌ریزی راهبردی، یکپارچگی، پیوندهای روستایی شهری و حقوق شهروندی تعیین گردید. 1 The present research seeks to detail a phenomenological conceptualization of institutional core with a retroductive-deductive research strategy in the spatial planning of environmental quality in the case study. Planning polices in these settlements do not include stakeholders’ participation and are often top-down. Also, specialization and sectorial view in the planning of sustainable spatial development of the villages and the existence of a prevailing physical approach that did not pay attention to economic, socio-cultural, and ecological issues, led to the change of land use. Agricultural land has been used by other users, and with the passing of time, urbanism has become more popular with the spirit of consumerism, weakening of production morale, reducing the level of economic productivity, and eventually reducing the environmental quality of these villages. According to the lived experiences of the rural inhabitants and the participants, by focusing on rural groups and customs and behavioral patterns in their daily lives in the form of participatory workshops and using the snowball method, this study examined the environmental quality. In addition, in the framework of these two methods of planning, the methodology of participatory assessment of environmental quality and participatory assessment of rural communication were used to analyze the concepts with tools such as interviews and group discussions, which included 9 semi-structured interviews and 9 participatory workshops with the presence of rural groups, and the institutional cores were determined from the point of view of the participants in the definition of village, quality of values, knowledge, leadership, strategic planning, integration, rural-urban linkages and citizenship rights. 234 249 علی پورقیومی Ali Pourghayyoumi دانش‌آموخته دکترا، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. Iran ali.pourghayyomi@yahoo.com عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین افتخاری Abdolreza Roknodin Eftekhari استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. Iran eftekhaa@modares.ac.ir مهدی پورطاهری Mahdi Pourtaheri دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران. Iran mahdit@modares.ac.ir علی عسگری Ali Asgari دانشیار، گروه مدیریت بحران، دانشکده هنرهای آزاد و مطالعات حرفه‌ای، دانشگاه یورک، یورک، کانادا. Iran asgary@yorku.ca علی گلی Ali Goli دانشیار، گروه جامعه‌شناسی و برنامه‌ریزی اجتماعی، دانشکده مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. Iran goli@shirazu.ac.ir strategic spatial planning phenomenology institutional core Environmental quality Aynali, J., Bouzar Jomhori, Kh., Nazari Sheikhi, M., Dahbanzad, A., Roumiani, A. (2017). Analysis of the role of public spaces in improving the vitality Quality of villagers, case study villages in Alshatar, Human Settlement Planning Studies, Volume 12, Issue 3.##Akbarian Ronizi, S.R., & SheikhBiglou, R. (2015). 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0 عوامل مؤثر بر شادابی و سرزندگی خانوارهای روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان فومن) Investigating the Factors Affecting the Vitality and Liveliness of Rural Households (Case Study: Fuman Township) https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75412.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.291906.1416 0 شادابی و سرزندگی به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های توسعه روستایی از سال 2000 به بعد در نگاه سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و به‌ویژه سازمان ملل برای تعیین سطح توسعه روستایی و توسعه کشورها موردتوجه قرار گرفته است. زیرا اکثر سازمان‌ها و نهادهای مرتبط با توسعه از شادابی به‌عنوان یکی از شاخص‌های مهم توسعه پایدار روستایی یاد کرده‌اند. با این حال یکی از موارد مهم برای بررسی شادابی در نواحی روستایی، شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر آن است. بر این اساس هدف از تدوین این پژوهش بررسی عوامل‌ مؤثر بر شادابی خانوارهای روستایی بوده است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه و مصاحبه از نمونه‌ای منتخب مشتمل بر 170 خانوار از جامعه آماری خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان فومن (N=18675) با استفاده از تخمین شخصی و به روش نمونه‌گیری سهمیه‌ای بوده است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی، آزمون رتبه‌ای هم‌انباشتگی نامحدود اکتشافی و مدل معادلات ساختاری استفاده شده است. نتایج سنجش میزان شادابی خانوارهای روستایی با استفاده از پرسشنامه فوردایس گویای آن است که شادابی خانوارها در سطح مطلوبی قرار داشته است. نتایج شاخص‌های مؤثر بر شادابی نشان داد که از بین 30 شاخص در نظر گرفته‌شده، 18 شاخص بیشترین اثر را بر شادابی خانوارها داشته است. همچنین نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری نشان داد مدل استاندارد مرتبه دوم شادابی خانوارها به ترتیب ضرایب مسیر متأثر از عوامل نهادی- مدیریتی، کالبدی، اقتصادی، شخصی-روان‌شناختی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی، جغرافیایی و برخورداری قرار دارد. مقدار p کلیه پارامترهای لامدا در مدل فوق حاکی از تأیید کلیه روابط است. 1 Liveliness and vitality have been considered one of the indicators of rural development since 2000 by international organizations, especially the United Nations, to determine the level of rural development and the development of countries. Most development-related organizations have referred to vitality as one of the important indicators of rural development. However, one of the most important issues in studying vitality in rural areas is identifying the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the liveliness of rural households. The present study employs a descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. The data collection tools were questionnaires and interviews with a sample selected from 170 households in Fuman County (N = 18675). Descriptive statistics, unlimited heuristic coefficient rank test, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of measuring rural households’ liveliness using the Fordyce Emotions Questionnaire showed that households' liveliness was at a desirable level. The results of the indices affecting vitality showed that out of 30 indices, 18 indices had the most effect on households’ happiness. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling suggested that the second-order standard model of households' liveliness and path coefficients are influenced by institutional-managerial, physical, economic, personal-psychological, social, environmental, geographical, and occupational factors, respectively. The p-values of all of the lambda parameters in the above model indicate that all relationships are confirmed. 250 269 خدیجه صادقی Khadije Sadeghi دانشجوی دکترا، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. Iran kh_sadeghi62@yahoo.com جواد بذرافشان Javad Bazafshan دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران. Iran bazafshan@gep.usb.ac.ir علی حاجی نژاد Ali Hajinejad دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران. 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0 تحلیل علل و انگیزه‌های مهاجرت بازگشتی در میان مهاجران روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان خرم‌‏آباد) Investigating the Causes and Motivations of Reverse Migration Among Rural Migrants (The Study Area: Khorramabad County) https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76478.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.296106.1445 0 در دهه‌های اخیر، فرایند بازگشت مهاجران روستایی به سکونتگاه‌های مبدأ خود را می‌توان به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین جریان‌های تحرک جمعیتی قلمداد نمود که ناشی از روندهای کلی تغییر شرایط زندگی و بهبود نسبی آن در روستاها نسبت به گذشته و کم‌رنگ شدن علت اولیه مهاجرت یا کاهش مزایای زندگی در شهر به‌عنوان مقصد، است. با توجه به لزوم اهمیت تحلیل چنین جریان‌هایی در گستره منطقه‌ای و در حیطه روابط شهر و روستا، مقالـه حاضـر، به دنبال بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر میزان تمایل مهاجرین روستایی نسبت به مهاجرت بازگشتی در شهرستان خرم‏آباد است. پژوهش کاربردی، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- همبستگی و جامعه آماری شامل تمامی مهاجرانی روستایی است که طی سال‏های 1385- 1395 به روستاهای خود بازگشته‌اند، (N=24160). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته‌ای است که روایی و پایایی شکلی و محتوایی آن با استفاده از نظرسنجی از متخصصان حوزه‌های اقتصاد و توسعه روستایی و آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تأییدشده است. نتـایج به‌دست‌آمده، نشان‌دهنده وجـود ارتبـاط مثبـت و معنـادار بـین متغیرهـای بعد خانوار، نسبت قوم‌وخویشان ساکن در روستا، میزان زمین و دارایی روستایی و هزینه و وجــود رابطه منفــی و معنــادار بــین محله سکونت شخص مهاجر، درآمد و پس‌انداز در شهر با میزان انگیزه برای بازگشتی به روستا است. همچنین نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری در میزان تمایل به مهاجرت بازگشتی در بین گروه‏ افراد مالک و غیر مالک زمین در روستا، افراد داری شغل موقت و دائم در شهر و کسانی که دارای زمین کشاورزی و افرادی که تنها صاحب زمین مسکونی در روستا هستند، وجود دارد. 1 In recent decades, the process of returning rural migrants to their original place of residence can be considered one of the most important trends in demographic mobility. That is due to the general trend of changing living conditions and its relative improvement in the villages compared to the past and the fact that the primary reasons for migration no longer exist or the benefits of living in the city as a destination have decreased. Given the importance of analyzing such trends in the region and the field of city and village relations, the present article seeks to investigate the causes and motivations of return migration among rural migrants in the city of Khorram Abad. The present research is an applied research of the descriptive-correlational type and the statistical population includes all rural immigrants who have returned to their villages during the years 2006-2016(N=24160).The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity and reliability of its form and content have been confirmed using the opinions of experts in the fields of economics and rural development as well as the Cronbach's alpha test. The results of independent t-test also suggested that there is a significant difference in the rate of desire to return between the group of landowners and non-owners in the village, people who have temporary and permanent jobs in the city, those who own agricultural land, and those who own only residential land in the village. 270 285 حسین میخک Hossein Mikhak کارشناس ارشد، گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران. Iran hosseinmikhak@yahoo.com فرشته حافظی Fereshteh Hafezi کارشناس ارشد، گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران. Iran hafezi321@gmail.com طاهره صادقلو Tahereh Sadeghloo استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. Iran tsadeghloo@yahoo.com Willingness to migrate recursive (reverse) migration village-city relations Population Flows city of Khorramabad Abdullahi, AS. (2015). Investigating the Effective Causes of Reverse Migration (Case Study: Long Khalkhal Village). 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0 شناسایی راهکارهای افزایش مشارکت جامعه روستایی در «طرح توسعه منطقه‌ای سلسله» به‌عنوان الگویی بومی Identification of Strategies for Increasing Partnership of Rural Community in the "Selseleh Regional Development Plan" as a Local Model https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76477.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.297975.1468 0 «طرح توسعه منطقه‌ای سیله سیله » با رویکرد درون‌زا و با هدف توانمندسازی روستاییان شهرستان سیله سیله (الشتر) واقع در شمال استان لرستان، در فاصله سال‌های 1352 تا 1357 انجام گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی راهکارهای افزایش مشارکت جامعه روستایی در «طرح توسعه منطقه‌ای سیله سیله» انجام شده است. این پژوهش کیفی و از نوع اکتشافی- توصیفی است. روش پژوهش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استقرایی است. نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند و کدگذاری اولیه به‌صورت استقرایی و بر اساس محتویات اسناد «طرح توسعه منطقه‌ای سیله سیله» انجام گرفت و در نهایت مقوله‌ها استخراج گردید. از کدهای اولیه و ثانویه اسناد، 47 مفهوم استخراج شده و در سه دسته اصلی نهادها، گروه‌ها و افراد گروه‌بندی شدند. در مرحله بعد مبتنی بر کدگذاری محوری سه ساخت: نهادی، اجتماعی و نگرش‌ها به‌عنوان بستر و مکانیسم مشارکت شناسایی شدند. مبتنی بر یافته‌ها، در «طرح توسعه منطقه‌ای سیله سیله» مشارکت روستاییان در دو بخش: الف) بسترسازی مشارکت و ب) سطح مشارکت، افزایش یافته است. افزایش بستر مشارکت روستاییان با استفاده از تأمین کادر محلی، ایجاد مکانیسم مشارکت، تحقیقات و نوآوری، بودجه‌بندی و آموزش ایجاد شده و افزایش سطح مشارکت روستاییان از طریق تأمین خدمات زیربنایی، امور ارتباطی، امور آب‌رسانی، امور تعاونی، عمومی و عمران الشتر صورت گرفته است. 1 "Selseleh Regional Development Plan" is an endogenous approach  with the aim of empowering villagers of Selseleh County (Aleshtar) located in the north of Lorestan province. It was conducted between 1973 and 1978. The present study was conducted with the aim of identification of strategies for increasing partnership of Rural community in the "Selseleh Regional Development Plan". This is a qualitative and exploratory-descriptive Research. The research method is inductive qualitative content analysis. Purposive sampling was used and initial coding was done inductively based on the contents of the documents of the "Selseleh Regional Development Plan". Finally, the categories were extracted. 47 concepts were extracted from the primary and secondary codes of the documents. They were grouped into three main categories: institutions, groups, and individuals. In the next step, based on axial coding, three constructs were identified as the context and mechanism of participation: institutional and social constructs and attitudes.  Based on the findings, "Selseleh Regional Development Plan" has increased the participation of the villagers in two ways: (a) increased participation context; (b) increased level of participation. The result is increased engagement through providing local staff, creating a mechanism of participation, research and innovation, budgeting, and training. Increased participation has also been achieved through the provision of infrastructure services and addressing the communication, water supply, cooperative, and public affairs of Aleshtar. 286 299 محمد حاصلی Mohammad Haseli استادیار، عضو هیئت رئیسه انجمن علمی توسعه روستایی ایران، تهران، ایران. Iran mpalouj@gmail.com مجتبی پالوج Mojtaba Palouj استادیار، عضو هیئت علمی موسسه پژوهش‌های برنامه‌ریزی اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، تهران، ایران. 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0 انتخاب الگوی سکونتی بهینه مبتنی بر ویژگی‌های گرمایش ایستای خورشیدی با کاربرد تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP در روستای کنگ مشهد Optimal Residential Pattern Selection Focused on Solar Static Heating Properties Using AHP Hierarchical Analysis in Kong Village of Mashhad https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75779.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.293772.1430 0 امروزه با توجه به محدودیت منابع و افزایش تقاضا در مصرف انرژی، استفاده از سیستم‌های ایستا در طراحی‌ها که بتوانند بدون نیاز به منابع فسیلی، آسایش حرارتی را فراهم آورند امری مهم است. در این مطالعه میزان هوشمندی معماری بومی روستا در حیطه گرمایش ایستا موردمطالعه قرار گرفت، زیرا طراحی بوم گرا، می‌تواند الهام‌بخش مفیدی برای طراحان باشد. در این پژوهش روستای کنگ که دارای گونه شناسی پلکانی در اقلیم سرد کوهستانی است به‌عنوان مطالعه موردی انتخاب شد و هدف پژوهش بررسی میزان تأثیرپذیری زمینه و اقلیم، در شکل‌گیری الگوهای سکونتی روستای کنگ است. روش تحقیق این پژوهش به‌صورت کیفی و تحلیلی است که عوامل اقلیمی موجود در روستا توصیف و سپس به‌صورت مطالعات اسنادی و میدانی معیارها و زیر معیارهای سامانه‌های گرمایشی ایستا موجود در روستای کنگ طبق شاخصه الگوی اقلیمی سکونتگاهی بررسی شده و به روش سلسله مراتبی AHP تحلیل و رتبه‌بندی شده‌اند و در انتهای پژوهش، بهترین الگوی سکونتی با توجه به کسب الویت و رتبه، الگوی خانه‌های مستطیل شکل با بام مسطح معرفی شده است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان از آن دارد که طراحی و ساخت خانه‌های روستای کنگ تحت تأثیر شرایط زمینه و اقلیم (کوهستانی بودن) شکل گرفته و می‌توان گفت رویکردی مبتنی بر ساخت‌گرایی طبیعی دارد که در آن به خاطر مصالح طبیعی و شیوه‌های غیرفعال تنظیم شرایط محیطی، الگوی مناسبی برای معماری پایدار عرضه می‌کند. 1 Nowadays, due to resource constraints and increasing demand for energy, the use of static systems in designs that can provide thermal comfort without the need for fossil fuels is important. In this study, the extent of the indigenous architecture of the village was studied in the context of static heating because, in the eco-design, attention to the culture and elements of the native and traditional nature and architecture of each area can be a useful inspiration to the designers. In this study, Kong village with stepped typology in cold mountainous climate was selected as a case study. The research method used in this study is qualitative and analytical, which describes the climatic factors in the village and then using documentary and field studies, the criteria and sub-criteria of static heating systems in the village of Kong have been analyzed and ranked according to Habitat Climatic Index (AHP). And at the end of the research, it was concluded that the best habitat pattern with respect to priority and rank is the rectangular flat roof pattern. The results of this study show that the design and construction of Kong village houses are shaped by the contextual and climatic conditions and can be said to have an approach based on natural constructivism in which natural materials and passive methods of regulating environmental conditions provide a suitable model for sustainable architecture. 300 317 سیده مریم موسوی گله کلائی Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi Gele Kelaei دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران. Iran moosavimaryam604@gmail.com رضا میرزایی Reza Mirzaei استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران. Iran ucjkts@gmail.com Static Heating Systems Native architecture Thermal Comfort Ecological Design Sustainable architecture Akrami, Gh., Damiar, S. (2017). A New Approach to Native Architecture in Its Structural Relation to Sustainable Architecture. Journal of Fine Arts - Architecture and Urban Development, 1 (22), 29-40.##Asadpour, AS. (2006). Sustainable Patterns of Iranian Desert Architecture. Our magazine. No. 25.##Coen, B. (2009). Principles of Sociology. Translator: Gholam Abbas Tavassoli and Reza Fazel, Tehran.##DK, M., Brown, J.D. (2014). Sun, Wind and Light Climate Design (Design Strategies in Architecture). Translated by Sir, Q. second edition. Tehran: Parham Nagh Press.##Guyer, P. (2009). An introduction to passive solar building. American: Facilities Criteria.##Hooper, D. (2000). Passive solar Architecture. India: Training centre Karzoo.##Kang village guide plan, (2008). Bonyad Maskan Khorasan Razavi.##Kasamae, M. (2008). Climate and architecture. Fifth Edition. Tehran: Newspaper.##Kozer, L. (1994). The Life and Thoughts of the Sociologists. Translator: Mohsen Salasi, Tehran.##Mazria, E. (1979). The passive solar energy Book. American: Russel Ball.##Nari Qomi, M., Damiar, SA. (2012). The Impact of Culture on Native Architecture. National Conference on Architecture, Urban Development and Sustainable Development with a focus on indigenous architecture to sustainable city.##Rahmani, M., Shakouri Ganjavi, H., Kazemi, AS. (2017). Providing a multi-objective optimization model to increase energy efficiency in residential buildings. Journal of Industrial Management. 1 (9), 128-103.##Rustayi, Q., Ariannejad, R. (2014). How to Use Solar Energy in Designing Traditional Iranian Cold Climate Homes. Haft Hesar Urban Research Quarterly, No. 7, 56-46.##Sabernejad, Zh. (2005). Application of static solar architecture in residential buildings. Kerman Civil, Architecture and Urban Conference.##Steadman, P.H. (2008). The evolution of design: Biological anology in Architecture and the applied arts, Cambridge University Press: Rut ledge.UK.##Vakili Nejad, R., Mehdizadeh Seraj, F., Mafidi Shemirani, M. (2013). Principles of Static Cooling Systems in Elements of Iranian Traditional Architecture. Journal of Iranian Association of Architecture & Urban Development, No. 5, 159-147.##Wright, D. (1979). Alphabet of Sustainable Architecture (Solar Architecture Bar). Translated by Shali Amini, and. (2011). First Edition. Tehran: Parham Nagh Press.##

0 سنجش ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان نسبت به توسعه گردشگری (موردمطالعه: روستاهای ساحلی دهستان دابوی شمالی - شهرستان محمودآباد) Assessment of Social Carrying Capacity of the Host Community for the Tourism Development (Case Study: Coastal Villages in North Daboi District, Mahmoodabad Township) https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75411.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.288794.1404 0 هدف از این تحقیق شناخت و تبیین وضعیت ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن در روستاهای درویش‌آباد و چاکسر از شهرستان محمودآباد است. روش تحقیق توصیفی- تحلیلی مبتنی بر پیمایش است. داده‌های تحقیق از طریق  پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمع‌آوری شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق کلیه سرپرستان خانوار روستاهای ساحلی درویش‌آباد و چاکسر در محدوده دهستان دابوی شمالی از شهرستان محمودآباد است. تعداد جامعه آماری این تحقیق 343 خانوار است و بر اساس فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران، تعداد 200 سرپرستان خانوار به‌عنوان حجم نمونه به روش تصادفی ساده مورد انتخاب قرار گرفته‌اند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از طریق آزمون‌های آماری تی تک نمونه‌ای، تی مستقل و تحلیل مسیر مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که به‌طورکلی ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان نسبت به توسعه گردشگری  بالاتر از حد متوسط و میانگین عددی مفروض است. بنابراین هنوز ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان به آستانه اشباع نرسیده است. همچنین نتایج بیانگر آن است که در بین عوامل مؤثر بر سطح ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان، متغیرهای نگرش ساکنین نسبت به اثرات اقتصادی توسعه گردشگری دارای بیشترین تأثیر مستقیم معنادار و متغیر نگرش ساکنین نسبت به اثرات محیطی توسعه گردشگری دارای بالاترین تأثیر معکوس معنادار بر ظرفیت تحمل اجتماعی جامعه میزبان بوده‌اند. 1 The purpose of this research is to determine the tourism social carrying capacity of the host society and identify the factors affecting it in the coastal villages of Mahmoodabad. The research method is descriptive-analytic based on surveying. The statistical population of the study is all the household heads of the coastal villages of Darwishabad and Chucksar in the North Daboi District of Mahmoodabad Township. The statistical population of the study consists of 343 household heads. The research data were collected through a questionnaire. Data were analysed by one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. The results of the studies show that, overall, the social carrying capacity of the host society for tourism development is higher than the average level and the assumed mean rank. Therefore, the social carrying capacity of the host society has not yet reached the saturation level. The results also indicate that among the factors affecting the level of the social carrying capacity of the host society, residents’ attitude towards the economic effects of tourism development has the most direct effect and the variable of residents' attitude toward the environmental impacts of tourism development has the most significant reverse effect on the social carrying capacity of the host community. 318 331 ناصر علیقلی زاده فیروزجایی Naser Aligholizadeh Firouzjaie استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. Iran n.firouzjaie@umz.ac.ir فرامرز بریمانی Faramarz Barimani استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. Iran f.barimani@umz.ac.ir نوابه تقی زاده ارمکی Navabe Taghizadeh Armaki کارشناس ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. Iran nav.taghizadeh@gmail.com Carrying Capacity Tourism Development Host community coastal village Mahmoodabad Township Akbarian Ronizi, S .R & Shaykh-Baygloo, R. (2016). The Tolerance Capacity of Rural Tourism Development and Arranging Strategic Plan, for Village of Qalat (Shiraz SubProvince). Rural development strategies. Volum 3. Issue 4. PP: 481-495. (In Persian).##Bestard, A.B & Nadal, J .R. (2007). Modelling Environmental Attitudes toward Tourism, Tourrism management, 28. 688-695. PP: 688-695.##Byat, N, Badri, S.A & Rezvani, M.R. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Local Residents’ Perceptions of the Impacts of Tourism on Rural Areas: A Case Study of the Villages in the Basin of the Kolan River in Malayer County, Vol, 9, Num, 3. PP: 481-494. (In Persian).##Canestrilli, E. & Costa, P. (1991). Tourism Carrying Capacity.A fuzzy Approach, Annals of tourism research, Vol.18. PP: 295-311.##Diedrich, A., & García-Buades, E. (2009). Local perceptions of tourism as indicators of destination decline. Tourism Management, 30(4), 512–521.##Ghadami, M & Gholamian Bay, M. (2014). Tourism Impact. Mahkame publication. (In Persian).##Gonzalez, M. V. Coromina, L & Gali, N. (2018). Overtourism: Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism Impact as an Indicator of Resident Social Carrying Capacity - case study of a Spanish heritage town. Tourism review. Vol.73.No.3. pp. 277-296.##Glasson, J. (1994), “Oxford: a heritage city under pressure”, Tourism Management, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 137-144.##Glasson, J. Godfrey, K. & Goodey, B. (1997). Towards Visitor Impact Management: Visitor Impacts, Carrying Capacity and Management, Reponses in Europe’s Historic Towns and Cities, Ashgate, Aldershot [etc.].##Haralambopoulos, N. & Pizam, A. (1996). “Perceived Impacts of Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 503-526.##Johnson, D. J. Snepenger, J. D. & .Akis, S. (1994). Residents' Perceptions of Tourism development, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 21. PP: 629-642.##Lepp, A. (2007). Residents' Attitudes towards Tourism in Bigodi Village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28, PP: 876–885.##Lindberg, K. McCool, S. & Stankey, G. (1997). Rethinking Carrying Capacity, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24 No. 2, and PP: 461-465.##Liu, J. C. Sheldon, P. J. & var, T. (1987). Resident Perceptions of the Environment Impacts of Tourism of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 14. PP: 17-37.##Jurado, E. Navarro, D. Ionela, M & Ferna´ndez-Morales, A. (2013). Carrying Capacity Model Applied in Coastal Destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 43, and PP: 1–19.##McGehee, G. N & Anderek, L. K. (2004). Factors Predicting Rural Residents' Support of Tourism; Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 43. PP: 131–140.##Manning, R. Wang, B. Valliere, W. Lawson, S. & Newman, P. (2010). Research to Estimate and Manage Carrying Capacity of a Tourist Attraction: a Study of Alcatraz Island, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 10. No. 5, PP: 388-404.##Martin, S.M.S. (1994). “Community Attachment and Attitudes towards Tourism Development”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 32 No. 3, PP: 29-34.##Noori, S. H .A, Rast Ghalam; Amini, M & Amini, S. (2013). Evaluation of Carrying Capacity in Environment of Rural Settlements with Objective of Tourism in Natanz Township. Journal of Geographic and Environment Studies. Two year. Issue 5.PP: 20-29. (In Persian).##Rahnemai, M.T.  Farhoodi, R, Dittmann, A & Ghadami, M. (2009). Carrying Capacity of Destination with Respect to the Host Attitude & Perception (Case Study: the City of Kelardasht), Volume 41, Issue 66.PP:17-33. (In Persian).##Roknodin Eftekhari, A. Mahdavi, D & Poortaheri, M. (2011). Sustainability Assessment of Tourism in Cultural- Historical Villages of Iran with an Emphasis on Sustainable Tourism Development Paradigm.Tourism management studies. Volume 5, Issue 14, PP: 1-39. (In Persian).##Rodella. Corbau, C. Umberto, S. Utizi, K. (2017). Assessment of the relationship between geomorphological evolution, carrying capacity and users' perception: Case studies in Emilia-Romagna (Italy), Tourism Mangement.59.PP.7-22.##Sadr mosavi, M.S. Pour Mohamadi, M. R & Hatami, A. (2013). Evaluation of Tourism Carrying Capacity with Emphasis on Sustainable Development. Three year. Issue 9. PP: 95-114. (In Persian).##Saveriades, A. (2000). Establishing the Social Tourism Carrying Capacity for the Tourist Resorts of the East Coast of the Republic of Cyprus. Tourism Management 21.PP: 147-156.##Vargas-Sa´nchez, A. Porras-Bueno, N & Plaza-Mejıa, M.D.L.A´. (2011). “Explaining Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism: is a Universal Model Possible?” Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 38 No. 2, PP: 460-480.##Zacarias, A .Daniel, W, Allan, T & Newton, A. (2011). Recreation Carrying Capacity Estimations to Support Beach Management at Praia de Faro, Portugal, Applied Geography 31. PP: 1075-1081.##Ziyaei, M. Ghaderi, E., & Ahmadi, S. (2017). Determination of Carrying Capacity and Ecological Foot Print in Nature based Destination (case study: Zarebar lake). Volume 7, Issue 25, PP: 39-56. (In Persian).##Zhu, J. Wang, E., & Sun, W. (2019). Application of Monte Carlo AHP in Ranking Coastal Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Factors, Asia pacific journal of jourism research. Vol. 24, No. 7, PP: 644–657.##

0 تحلیل رقابت‌پذیری در تعاونی‌های کشاورزی: نقش یادگیری سازمانی و نوآوری سازمانی (موردمطالعه: تعاونی‌های کشاورزی استان تهران) Competitiveness Analysis in Agricultural Cooperatives: The Role of Organizational Learning and Organizational Innovation (Case of Agricultural Cooperatives of Tehran Province) https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76476.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.297182.1454 0 با توجه به اهمیت نقش تعاونی‌های کشاورزی در توسعه کشاورزی و روستایی، نیاز به شناسایی عواملی که موجب بهبود رقابت‌پذیری این سازمان‌ها می‎شود، به شدت محسوس است. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی رابطه و میزان ارتباط یادگیری سازمانی، نوآوری سازمانی و رقابت‌پذیری است. پژوهش حاضر به روش آمیخته اکتشافی انجام گرفت؛ جامعه آماری در بخش کیفی شامل 25 نفر از صاحب‌نظران بخش تعاونی بود و در بخش کمی شامل 335 نفر از اعضای تعاونی‌ها بود که به روش طبقه‌ای با  انتساب متناسب موردمطالعه قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های کیفی از تحلیل محتوای کیفی به کمک نرم‌افزار MAXQDA و در بخش کمی از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به کمک برنامه لیزرل استفاده شد. مؤلفه‌های یادگیری سازمانی در ابعاد یادگیری تیمی، مدیریت دانش در تعاونی‌ها، تفکر سیستمی و فرهنگ سازمانی یادگیرنده، مؤلفه‌های نوآوری سازمانی در ابعاد نوآوری در بازار، حمایت از نوآوری، نوآوری در رفتار، نوآوری در راهبرد و نوآوری تولیدی و  فرآیندی و مؤلفه‌های رقابت‌پذیری در تعاونی‌های کشاورزی در ابعاد توسعه بازار مالی، آمادگی فنی و تکنولوژی، اندازه و کارایی بازار در دسترس و انطباق با محیط بیرون شناسایی شدند. در بخش کمی مشخص شد که یادگیری سازمانی و نوآوری سازمانی می‌توانند 41 درصد از تغییرات رقابت‌پذیری، و یادگیری سازمانی می‌تواند 55 درصد از تغییرات نوآوری سازمانی را در تعاونی‌های کشاورزی تبیین نماید. 1 Given the importance of the role of agricultural cooperatives in agricultural and rural development, the need to identify the factors that improve the competitiveness of these organizations is strongly felt. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational learning, organizational innovation, and competitiveness. The present study was conducted by exploratory mixed method. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of 25 experts in the cooperative sector and the quantitative section included 335 members of the cooperatives who were studied by the class method with appropriate attribution. To analyze qualitative data, qualitative content analysis was used with the help of MAXQDA software, and in a small part, structural equation modeling was used with the help of LISREL program. Organizational learning components in the dimensions of team learning, knowledge management in cooperatives, systemic thinking and organizational learning culture; organizational innovation components in the dimensions of market innovation, innovation support, innovation in behavior, innovation in strategy and production and process innovation; and components of competitiveness in agricultural cooperatives in the dimensions of financial market development, technical and technological readiness, market size and efficiency available, and adaptation to the external environment were identified. In the quantitative section, it was found that organizational learning and organizational innovation can explain 41% of the changes in competitiveness, and organizational learning can explain 55% of the changes in organizational innovation in agricultural cooperatives. 332 349 نازنین ورامینی Nazanin Varamini دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran nazivar58@gmail.com احمد رضوانفر Ahmad Rezvanfar استاد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran arezvan@ut.ac.ir سید حمید موحد محمدی Seyed Hamid Movahedmohammadi استاد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran hmovahed@ut.ac.ir سید احمدرضا پیش بین Seyed Ahmadreza Pishbin استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran apishbin@ut.ac.ir organizational learning Organizational Innovation strategic innovation Productive Innovation Process innovation Asadi,Z., Isapour, R. & Molaee Hashjin, N. (2016). The role of participation in rural development of Khoshkbijar district of Rasht city. Quarterly Journal of Rural Economy and Development.5(1):61-82.##Babazadeh, T., Doostar, M.  & Moradi, M. (2019). The effect of learning on innovation with the role of moderating organizational inertia. Journal of Innovation and Creativity in the Humanities,9(2):165-198.##Bamiatzi, V., Bozoz, K., Cavusgil, S.T. & Hul,G.T. (2016). Revisiting the firm, industry, and country effects on profitability under recessionary and expansion periods: A multilevel analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1448–1471.##Basten, D., & Haamann, T. (2018). Approaches for Organizational Learning: A Literature Review.SAGE Open, July-September 2018:1-20.##Bello, B.O., & Adeoye, A. (2018). 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0 تبیین آثار مؤلفه‌های پیش‌برنده توسعه کارآفرینی در مقصدهای گردشگری روستایی (موردمطالعه: بخش سامن شهرستان ملایر) Explaining the Effects of Propellant Components of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Tourism Destinations (The Case of Samen District, Malayer County) https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_75780.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.294177.1434 0 یکی از مهم‌ترین راهکارهای اقتصادی در توسعه منطقه‌ای توجه به مقصدهای گردشگری روستایی به‌عنوان بستری برای توسعه کسب‌وکارهای کوچک است. به عبارتی، الگوی فضای گردشگری در محیط روستا موزاییک‌وار در کنار سایر فعالیت‌ها قرار می‌گیرد و معمولاً تقاضا برای صنایع‌دستی، هنرهای سنتی و فعالیت‌هایی که نیاز به نیروی کار انسانی بیشتری دارند را ارتقاء می‌دهد و به دنبال آن ذهنیت و تفکر کارآفرینی را در میان روستاییان گسترش می‌دهد. از این‌رو، مقاله حاضر با هدف شناخت و تبیین آثار مؤلفه‌های پیش‌برنده توسعه کارآفرینی در مقصدهای گردشگری روستایی بخش سامن شهرستان ملایر پرداخت؛ روش پژوهش توصیفی‌ - تحلیلی و از نوع کاربردی بود. صاحبان کسب‌وکار مبل و منبت، به تعداد 100 نفر جامعه آماری این پژوهش را تشکیل دادند. برای گرد‌آوری داده‌ها از روش‌های میدانی و پرسشنامه‌ای استفاده شد که پایایی آن با استفاده از آزمون آلفای کرونباخ برای 6 مؤلفه روحیه کارآفرینی، فرصت‌های گردشگری، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فیزیکی و زیست‌محیطی  بیش از 95 درصد محاسبه شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد همبستگی قوی بین برخی مؤلفه‌های پیش‌برنده با متغیر کارآفرینی گردشگری روستایی وجود دارد. مؤلفه‌های فرصت‌های گردشگری، محیط زیستی، کالبدی - فیزیکی و روحیه کارآفرینی افراد درمجموع 98 درصد از تغییرات متغیر توسعه کارآفرینی در مقصدهای گردشگری روستایی را تبیین می‌کنند. در این میان بیشترین آثار مستقیم مربوط به فرصت‌های گردشگری بود و بیشترین اثر غیرمستقیم را مؤلفه زیست‌محیطی تبیین کرد. 1 One of the most important economic strategies for regional development is viewing the rural tourism destinations as a place for small businesses. In other words, the pattern of tourism space is located in a rural environment like mosaics along with other activities and it usually promotes the demand for handicrafts, traditional arts, and activities that require more human labor, thereby promoting the entrepreneurial spirit among the villagers. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to identify and explain the effects of propellant components of entrepreneurship development in rural tourism destinations of Samen district, Malayer County. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of this study consisted of 100 business owners in the field of furniture and carving. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha test for six components including entrepreneurial spirit, tourism opportunities, and economic, social, physical and environmental components, was calculated respectively 0.99, 0.90, 0.90, 0.99 and 0.97. The results showed that there is a strong correlation between some of the propellant components and the variable of rural tourism entrepreneurship. Components of tourism opportunities and environmental, physical components as well as individual entrepreneurial spirit explain 98% of the total changes in the entrepreneurship development in rural tourism destinations variable. Among them, the most direct effects were related to tourism opportunities and the most indirect effects were explained by the environmental component. 350 365 عباس روزبهانی Abass Roozbahani کارشناسی‌‌ارشد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. Iran n_sh2029@yahoo.com حوریه مرادی Horieh Moradi استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. Iran moradi.ho@lu.ac.ir حامد عباسی Hamed Abassi استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران. Iran abbasi.h@lu.ac.ir Development Components Rural Tourism Rural Entrepreneurship Samen District Malayer County Acs, Z.J & N. Virgill. (2009). "Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries". Jena Economic Research Papers 2009 – 023. Pp: 1-80. 67.##Bayat, N. Badri, S.A. (2017). An analysis of local residents' perceptions of rural tourism impacts in Malayer County (The case of: Kolan River catchment villages). Journal of Space Economy and Rural Development, 6(2017), 59-76.##Eduardo Parra Lopzeh, D. B. (2009). Entrepreneurship and innovation in tourism, Innovacion emprendeduria en elsector touristic. Innovation and entrepreneurship in the tourism industry, Volume7, P: 1.##Farahani, H., Haji Hosseini, S. (2013). Evaluation of Rural Area Capacities for Entrepreneurship Development and Rural Empowerment Case Study: Shal district Villages of Boyain Zahra County. Journal of Rural Reserch. 4(4), 715-748.##Fani, M., Farahani, Z.A,. Bashoukouh, M., Rahimi Kelvar, H. (2019). Comparative Study of Tourism between Iran and India. The first international tourism conference (study of opportunities and challenges of tourism development with focus on Ardabil province). 15 July 2019.##Geetha, K. & Rajani, N. (2017). Factors motivating women to become entrepreneurs in Chittoor district, International Journal of Home Science; Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 752-755.##Ghafari, A. (2018). The Position of Small and Medium Business (SME) in Today's Economy. Retrieved September 6, 2018, from http://www.dailyafghanistan.com/opinion_detail.php?post_id=144759.##Ghanbari, S., Dehghan, M.H., Miraki Anari, H. (2015). Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Tourism. Journal of Tourism Management Studies. 10(32), 1-20.##Habibpour, Z. (2019). What is the Key to Native Tourism Development in Malayer? Iranian Students News Agency, Isna Hamedan Province, News 13 April. Retrieved from https://www.isna.ir/news/98012409424/##Karimzadeh, H. Nikjoo, M.R, Sadr Mousavi, M. Kohestani, H (2014). Identification of effective factors in creating entrepreneurial opportunities in rural tourism sector using Structural Equation Modeling (SME). Geography and Environmental Planning, Volume 25, 54(2): 260- 290.##Johnson, B., Mouller, J. (2005). The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. The American Economic Review, 51(4), 566-593.##Mohammadi, M. & Mirtaghiyan Roudsari, S.M. (2016). Strategic Entrepreneurship in Rural Tourism Destinations (Case Study: Janet Roodbar Ramsar District). Geography, New (49), 249-276.##Moradi, H. (2019). Analysis of Entrepreneurship Contexts in Urban Peripheral Spaces Development. Journal of Urban Peripheral Development. 2(2), 137-150.##Murti, K., Landenberg, D., Staounga, M. (2015). Tourism Economy. (Translated by: Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzin), Tehran: Commercial Publishing.##Najafi Tove Khoske, P. & Azadi, S. (2012). The importance of entrepreneurship extension in the tourism industry. National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Knowledge-based businesses Management. University of Mazandaran, (2016, November).##Papoli Yazdi, M.h., Saghaei, M. (2013). Tourism (nature and concepts), (8th ed.). Tehran: Samt Publishing.  ##Rosairo, H.S.R. & Potts, D.J. (2016). A study on entrepreneurial attitudes of upcountry vegetable farmers in Sri Lanka, Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 39-58.##Rasegh Ghezelbash, S. (2009). Rural tourism and the need to pay attention to it in development programs of villages. Journal of Housing and Village Environment, 29(129), 98-109.##Rostami, F., Ehsanifar, T. (2018). Proponents of Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship Development, Journal of Agricultural Entrepreneurship, 5 (2): 71-82.##Roknodin Eftekhari, A.R., Pour Taheri, M., Fazli, N. (2014). Analysis of Factors Affecting In the Rural Tourism Entrepreneurship Development. Journal of Tourism Development and Planning, 3(8), 87-107.##Sajasi Ghidari, H.a., Rokneddin Eftikhari, A.R, Pourtahari, M. & Azar, A. (2014). Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development Model in Rural Areas (Case Study: Tourism Valley of Tehran Province). Journal of Human Geography Research, 46 (2), 272-229.##Steiner, A., Cleary, J. (2014). What are the Features of Resilient Businesses? Exploring the Perception of Rural Entrepreneurs. Journal of Rural and Community Development. Vol. 9, No. 3. Pp: 1-20.##Tousi, R. Jamshidi, A.R,. Taghdisi, A. (2014). Rural Entrepreneurship and Determining Factors Affecting it (Case Study: Minoodasht County Villages), Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 3(8), 1-11.##Zargham Borojeni, H. (2010). Introduction and Review of Persian Book: Fundamentals of Tourism Industry Planning (Heidari Chapaneh, R), Journal of Social Science Month Book, 28, 20-30.##

0 ارزیابی توانمندی محیطی به‌منظور تعیین اراضی مستعد کشاورزی و مرتع‌داری در شهرستان نیشابور Environmental Evaluation for Determining the Potential Lands for Agriculture and Pasturage in Neyshabour County https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76475.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.293501.1428 0 ارزیابی توان محیط تلاش برای تعیین بهترین کاربری زمین با بالاترین کارایی و حداقل آسیب‌پذیری در برابر کمترین هزینه است. در میان کاربری‌ها مختلف زمین، ارزیابی توان کشاورزی به دلیل ارتباط مستقیم و تنگاتنگ این بخش اقتصادی با محیط طبیعی از حساسیت بیشتری برخوردار است. درواقع زمانی می‌توان به کشاورزی پایدار دست‌یافت که توان‌ محیط طبیعی به‌خوبی شناسایی و متناسب با قابلیت و توان محیط با آن برخورد شود. هدف مقاله حاضر ارزیابی توانمندی محیط طبیعی شهرستان نیشابور به‌منظور تعیین مناطق مستعد کشاورزی و مرتع‌داری جهت نیل به کشاورزی پایدار است. در راستای این هدف از روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل سیستمی استفاده گردید و ابتدا توان‌ها و منابع محیطی منطقه شناسایی شد. سپس بر اساس رهیافت سامانه‌ای اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده تجزیه‌وتحلیل، جمع‌بندی و تلفیق گردید و به‌صورت لایه‌های اطلاعاتی به دست آمد. در مرحله بعد از طریق  سنجش واحدهای استخراج‌شده با معیارهای اکولوژیکی توان محیطی منطقه تعیین گردید و درنهایت با استفاده از شاخص موران، همبستگی فضایی پراکنش روستاها با محدوده‌های دارای توان کشاورزی و مرتع‌داری مشخص شد. نتایج تحقیق گویای آن است که اراضی منطقه برای فعالیت‌های کشاورزی و مرتع‌داری به‌طور خاص طبقه 3 دارای توان بالایی است و پس از آن به ترتیب فعالیت‌های کشاورزی طبقه 1 و 2 توان بیشتری دارد درحالی‌که کشاورزی طبقه 4 دارای پایین‌ترین توان است. نتایج شاخص موران نیز گویای آن است که توزیع فضایی پراکنش روستاها از نوع خوشه‌ای با ضریب موران برابر با 244/0 و سطح اطمینان 99 درصد است. 1 The aim of the present study is to identify the most suitable land uses with the highest efficiency and least vulnerability at the lowest costs. Among various land uses, due to the direct connection between agricultural land uses and environment, environmental evaluation become very sensitive. And in fact, when the potentials of the natural environment are identified, we can expect to achieve sustainable agriculture. The present study is aimed at environmental evaluation for determining potential lands for agriculture and pasturage in Neyshabour County to achieve sustainable agriculture. Therefore, systematic research method was used, and at the first stage, environmental potentials and resources were identified in the region. Then, the collected information was analyzed and combined based on the systematic approach, and finally was organized in the form of information layers. The environmental potential was determined by the measurement of extracted units with ecological criteria. And finally, the spatial correlation of distribution of villages in high potential lands for agriculture and pasturage was determined by the Moran index. The results of the research showed that the region enjoys high potential for class 3 agriculture and pasturage, and then for class 1 and 2. It was also shown that the region has the least potential for class 4 agriculture. It also identified an impressive level of area for irrigated farming, gardening, animal husbandry, aviculture, and beekeeping. The results of the Moran index indicate that spatial distribution of villages is cluster one type, with the Moran index of 0.244 and confidence level of 99 percent. 366 383 معصومه ملانوروزی Masoomeh Mollanorozi دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran mmollanorozi@gmail.com سید هدایت اله نوری Hedayatollah Nouri استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran hedayat.nouri@gmail.com Evaluation of Environmental potential Agriculture Pasturage Land use Neyshabour County All shikh, A.A., Totonchian, S. (2006). Gis Application in Crisis Management,Case Study on Gis Usability in Assaluyeh Area Crisis. Geomatics Conference,Tehran.##Broom, M., Ouart, M & Hampton, C. (1999). Sustainable agricultural: It is past. Present andfuture [Online]. Availableonthe www.url: http:// ext. misstate. Edu/ pubs/pub 2222 html.##Chizari, M., pezeshki-Raad, G & linder, J.R. (1998). Perceptions of extension agents regarding sustainable agriculture in the Khorasan province of Iran, proceding of 14. Annual association for International Agriculture and Extension Education conference. Tuscan, Arizona.##Estelaji, A.R. (2002). 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0 پیامدهای اجاره‌داری نقدی در ماهیدشت کرمانشاه: تقابل دیدگاه‌های مارشالین و چئونگین Consequences of Cash-rent Farming in Kermanshah’s Mahidasht: Marshallian versus Cheungian Perspectives https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71812.html 10.22059/jrur.2019.257829.1255 0 اجاره‌داری نقدی در کشور، به‌ویژه در مناطق مستعد و حاصلخیز با روند رو به رشدی در حال افزایش است. استان کرمانشاه  به‌عنوان یکی از قطب‌های کشاورزی در کشور از این قاعده مستثنا نبوده است. به‌گونه‌ای که در سال‌های اخیر کشاورزان منطقه ماهیدشت شهرستان کرمانشاه اقدام به اجاره دادن اراضی خود نموده‌اند. از این رو در پژوهش کیفی حاضر سعی شد به بررسی پیامدهای گسترش این رویداد در منطقه ماهیدشت پرداخته شود .برای این منظور از تکنیک تحلیل رویداد (ETA) استفاده شد. داده‌های موردنیاز از طریق مصاحبه عمیق انفرادی غیر ساختا‌رمند، گروه‌های متمرکز، بحث گروهی با 32 نفر از موجران و مشاهدات مستقیم جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد گسترش پدیده اجاره‌داری دارای دو دسته پیامد زیست‌محیطی و فرهنگی اجتماعی در منطقه موردمطالعه است. در حیطه مسائل زیست‌محیطی مشکلاتی که ایجاد می‌گردد عبارت از: تغییر ساختار و بافت خاک، تغییر در کمیت و کیفیت منابع آب و بروز آفات و بیماری‌های گیاهی و در بخش فرهنگی- اجتماعی شامل مواردی از قبیل: افزایش روند مهاجرت از روستا، ایجاد معضلات اجتماعی در سطح روستا و افزایش درگیری‌های حقوقی بین مالک و مستأجر است. از این رو می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که طبق نظریه مارشالین نظام اجاره‌داری و گسترش آن می‌تواند پیامدهای منفی به همراه داشته باشد. 1 Cash-rent farming has developed during recent years in Iran; this phenomenon has had a greater impact especially in fertile regions with the abundant sources of water and soil. Meanwhile, Kermanshah province ranks as one of the agricultural centers in the country that is no exception when it comes to having fertile lands. During recent years, the farmers of Mahidasht district in Kermanshah County have rented their agricultural lands. So, the aim of the present qualitative study is to investigate the consequences of this phenomenon in Mahidasht district. For this purpose, the event tree analysis technique (ETA) was used. The required data was gathered through singular unstructured in-depth interviews, concentrated groups, group discussion with 32 of district landlords, and direct observation. Generally, the results showed that the development of the cash-rent farming phenomenon has two groups of consequences in the studied district: environmental and sociocultural consequences. The environmental and sociocultural problems include changes in the soil structure and pattern, changes in the quality and quantity of water sources, the incidence of plant pests and diseases, increase in the migration from rural areas to towns, social difficulties in rural areas and increase in the legal implications between landlords and tenants. Finally, it should be noted that our findings support the Marshallian perspective. 384 395 مریم قنبری Maryam Ghanbari دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Iran maryamghanbari803@ymail.com فرحناز رستمی Farahnaz Rostami استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Iran fr304@yahoo.com شهپر گراوندی Shahpar Geravandi استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. Iran sh.geravandi1@gmail.com Cash-rent Agricultural system Land lease Consequences ETA Benina, s., Ahmed b, M., Penderce, j.& simoon Ehuid, S. 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0 سیر تحول معماری روستاهای دوره سیلک I-II در شمال مرکزی ایران The Evolution of Architecture in the Villages of the Sialk I-II Periods in North-Central Iran https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_76474.html 10.22059/jrur.2020.282902.1366 0 یکی از موضوعات مهم در مورد جوامع پیش از تاریخ مسئله سکونت انسان‌ها بوده است که تغییر و تحولات و مراحل پیچیده را طی کرده است و در نهایت منجر به دست‌یابی به آثار بدیع معماری در روستاها شده است. از آنجایی که معماری می‌تواند بازگوکننده وضعیت اقلیم، اقتصاد، معیشت و ساختار جوامع گذشته باشد، مطالعه و بررسی سیر تحولات معماری روشی مناسب برای روشن کردن وضعیت حاکم بر جوامع روستایی است. شمال مرکزی ایران از جمله حوزه‌های جغرافیایی است که می‌توان سیر تحولات معماری در ادوار مختلف را در آن مطالعه کرد. مهم‌ترین پرسش‌ها درزمینه بررسی سیر تحولات معماری روستاهای پیش از تاریخ شمال مرکزی ایران در این مقاله بدین شرح است: آثار معماری روستاهای اولیه در محوطه‌های شمال مرکزی در این دوران دارای چه ویژگی‌هایی است؟ در فرآیند گذر از دوره سیلک I به II در معماری این روستاها چه تغییراتی ایجاد شده است؟ دلایل ایجاد این تغییرات در معماری محوطه‌های موردمطالعه چه بوده است؟با مقایسه معماری روستاهای دوره‌های سیلک I و II ضمن بررسی سیر و تحولات و معرفی معماری این دوران، می‌توان معماری دوره‌های سیلک I و II را به عنوان سندی برای معرفی، قدمت و پیشرفت معماری بومی در فلات مرکزی ایران محسوب کرد. با مطالعه دقیق سیر تحول معماری مردمان روستانشین ساکن در شمال مرکزی ایران در این دوران تغییرات و پیشرفت  درونی به وضوح مشخص است. 1 One of the most important issues in prehistoric societies has been human habitation, which has undergone complex changes and stages and has ultimately led to the accomplishment of innovative architectural works in rural areas. Since architecture can reflect the climate, economy, livelihood, and structure of past societies, studying and examining the evolution of architecture is a suitable way to clarify the situation in rural communities. North-central Iran is one of the geographical areas in which the evolution of architecture in different periods can be studied. The most important questions in the context of the study of architectural developments in the prehistoric villages of northern-central Iran in this article are as follows: What are the characteristics of the architectural works of the early villages in the north-central areas of Iran during this period? What changes have taken place in the architecture of these villages in the process of transition from Sialk I to II? What were the reasons for these changes in the architecture of the study areas? Comparing the architecture of the villages of the Sialk I and II periods, while examining the course and development and introducing the architecture of this period, the architecture of the Sialk I and II periods can be considered as a document for introducing the native architecture in the central plateau of Iran, estimating its antiquity and demonstrating its progress. Through a careful study of the architectural evolution of the rural population living in north-central Iran during this period, changes and internal progress become evident. 396 409 ذبیح الله فتحی Zabih Allah Fathi کارشناسی ارشد،گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت آثار باستانی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. Iran zabihfathi917573@gmail.com احمد علی یاری Ahmad Aliyari دکتری، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات، مؤسسه باستان‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. Iran aliyaria@ut.ac.ir Village Architecture North Central Iran Sialk I and II Course of Development Hesari, M. 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