JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.276528.1333 کارآفرینی روستایی مفهوم‌پردازی چالش‌های کسب‌وکارهای خانگی در روستاهای استان کرمانشاه مفهوم‌پردازی چالش‌های کسب‌وکارهای خانگی در روستاهای استان کرمانشاه امیری صبا مفهوم‌پردازی چالش‌های کسب‌وکارهای خانگی در روستاهای استان کرمانشاه نادری نادر دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، استادیار گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. محمدی فر یوسف دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی، استادیار گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 172 185 21 02 2019 09 06 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71823.html

هر فعالیت اقتصادی که در محل سکونت افراد و با بکارگیری امکانات خانه راه‌اندازی گردد، به نحوی که منجر به ایجاد جریان درآمدی شود، کسب‌وکار خانگی نام دارد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به مفهوم‌پردازی چالش‌های کسب‌وکارهای خانگی در روستاهای استان کرمانشاه پرداخته است. این پژوهش بر اساس روش کیفی «نظریه داده بنیاد» از طریق نمونه‌گیری قضاوتی و گلوله‌ برفی و مصاحبه عمیق نیمه‌ساختارمند با 19 نفر از فعالان حوزه کسب‌وکار خانگی، خبرگان حوزه‌های مختلف دولتی، دانشگاهی و بخش خصوصی انجام شده است. قابلیت اعتبار مصاحبه‌ها با روش‌های مثلث‌سازی و خودبازبینی پژوهشگران تأیید شد. به جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از رهیافت نظام‌مند و کدگذاری سه مرحله‌ای باز، محوری و انتخابی استفاده گردید. به‌اختصار، نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد که چالش‌های کسب‌وکارهای خانگی در روستاهای استان کرمانشاه، متأثر از عوامل گوناگونی است که در شرایط علّی، مداخله‌ای و زمینه‌ای قابل طبقه‌بندی‌ بوده و پیامدهای مختلف شامل بی‌انگیزگی فعالان، ایجاد مانع روانی برای تازه واردین، افزایش مهاجرت از شهر به روستا و کاهش توان رقابتی کسب‌وکارها نیز برای آن قابل طرح هستند.

 مفهوم‌پردازی چالش کسب‌وکار خانگی روستا نظریه داده بنیاد Alvani, M. (2016). The Future of Work; Public Management. 52nd Edition. Tehran: Ney Publishing. Bouzarjomehri, K. H., Eslamfard, F. (2017). Reviewing the Barriers and Problems of Rural Indigenous Industries Development; the Study of Carpet and Gabbeh in Zarrin Dasht County. Rural Research 8 (2): 194-207. Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In Denzin, N.K., and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.) Handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage publications. Entezarian, N., Tahmasebi, T. (2011). Barriers and Solutions for the Development of Home Business in Iran. Work and community 127: 78-98. Fong A., Ching, C. S., Yip, K., Chan, J. (2001). Working in home: A Guidebook for Working Women and Homemakers. Corpcom Services Sdn. Bhd Publication: Singapore. Galloway, L. Kapasi, I., (2014). Rural home-based businesses and their contribution to rural lives: An exploratory study. Research Report, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. Glaser, B. G. (1992). Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis: Emergence vs forcing. Mill Valley: Sociology Press. Hatch, M. J. (2007). Organization theory. Translation by Hassan Danaeefard Tehran: Afkar Publication. Holmes S., Smith S. H., Cane G. (1997). Gender issues in home based business operation and training: an Australian overview. Women in Management Review 12 (2): 68–73. Institute of Economic Science (2016). Validation and Pathology of Organizing and Supporting Home Jobs. Labor and Social Security Institute. Mason, C., Reuschke, D. (2015). Home Truths: The true value of home-based businesses. A report for FSB Scotland. February 2015. Mavalizadeh, M. (2011). The plan to organize and support home based businesses, the platform for employment development. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran: 171-180. Mehr, M. (2012). Home based business: Benefits and Challenges. Work and community 118: 104-104. Ministry of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare (2018). Province Report at a Glance: Kermanshah Province. Center for Strategic Stats and Information. Mirmohammadi, S. (2011). Entrepreneurship and SME Business. Industry and Technology War. 109: 11-11. Mirlotfi, M., Alavizadeh, A., Badakhsh, Y. (2015). Pathology of the Effects of home based business Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages in Dishmok County, Kohgiluyeh County). Rural Research and Planning 3 (5): 1-11. Modaresi, M., Arasti, Z., Talebi, K., Ferasatkhah, M. (2016). Pathology of government support programs for the growth of home based businesses from the point of view of female homeowners in Iran.  Management of Governmental Organizations 3 (14): 25-46. Mohammadi Elyasi, G. H., Notash, H. (2012). Identifying the Roots of the Defeat of Iranian Workers: A Discourse Narrative. Entrepreneurship Development 4 (3): 31-50. Musket, G., Mike, W. (2005). Home-Based Business: An Economic Development Alternative, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets, from http://osufacts.okstate.edu Najafi, B., Safa, L. (2015). Entrepreneurial home based Businesses and Their Obstacles and their Development Challenges in Rural Areas. Agricultural Entrepreneurship 1 (2): 61-73. Najafi, A., Ghasemkhani, G. H. (2011). A review of the current business models of the home and provide a suitable model for Iran. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran. Online Economy (2018). 10% share of household jobs from gross domestic product. News Code: 236032. 7 December 2018. Available in: https://www.eghtesadonline.com. Online Economy (2019). Details of the three-year home business profile. News Code: 340818. 9 March 2019. Available in: https://www.eghtesadonline.com. Rezaee, R., Najafi, B. (2016). Barriers to launching and expanding household businesses in rural areas of Urmia. Entrepreneurship Development 8 (3): 433-451. Roodgar nejad, F., Kiakajoori, K. (2011). Challenges and barriers to home business development. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran. 135-143. Rosnafisah, S., Site Salvia, M. S. H., Mohd Sharifuddin, A. (2009). The e-Business Potential for Home-Based Businesses in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education 2 (1): 21-36. Saadi, H., Heydari, F. (2014). Home Business Cooperatives in Hamedan Province (Challenges and Solutions). Entrepreneurship Development 6 (1): 87-104. Taghi Beygi, M., Aghasi, H., Mirakzadeh, A. (2015). Study of Barriers and Appropriate Solutions for the Development of Rural Home Jobs in Islamabad. Rural research 5 (2): 283-310. Tohidi, H., Vakil-o-roaya, Y. (2017). The study of the barriers and challenges of developing women's domestic businesses in the villages of Semnan. National Conference on Women's Role in Sustainable Development. Islamic Azad University of Damghan Branch. Yagobi Forani, A., Jalilian, S. (2015). Economic and social effects of rural women's home based business in Islamabad. Space Economics and Rural Development 2 (12): 93-113._||_ Alvani, M. (2016). The Future of Work; Public Management. 52nd Edition. Tehran: Ney Publishing. Bouzarjomehri, K. H., Eslamfard, F. (2017). Reviewing the Barriers and Problems of Rural Indigenous Industries Development; the Study of Carpet and Gabbeh in Zarrin Dasht County. Rural Research 8 (2): 194-207. Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In Denzin, N.K., and Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.) Handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage. Corbin, J., Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage publications. Entezarian, N., Tahmasebi, T. (2011). Barriers and Solutions for the Development of Home Business in Iran. Work and community 127: 78-98. Fong A., Ching, C. S., Yip, K., Chan, J. (2001). Working in home: A Guidebook for Working Women and Homemakers. Corpcom Services Sdn. Bhd Publication: Singapore. Galloway, L. Kapasi, I., (2014). Rural home-based businesses and their contribution to rural lives: An exploratory study. Research Report, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh. Glaser, B. G. (1992). Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis: Emergence vs forcing. Mill Valley: Sociology Press. Hatch, M. J. (2007). Organization theory. Translation by Hassan Danaeefard Tehran: Afkar Publication. Holmes S., Smith S. H., Cane G. (1997). Gender issues in home based business operation and training: an Australian overview. Women in Management Review 12 (2): 68–73. Institute of Economic Science (2016). Validation and Pathology of Organizing and Supporting Home Jobs. Labor and Social Security Institute. Mason, C., Reuschke, D. (2015). Home Truths: The true value of home-based businesses. A report for FSB Scotland. February 2015. Mavalizadeh, M. (2011). The plan to organize and support home based businesses, the platform for employment development. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran: 171-180. Mehr, M. (2012). Home based business: Benefits and Challenges. Work and community 118: 104-104. Ministry of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare (2018). Province Report at a Glance: Kermanshah Province. Center for Strategic Stats and Information. Mirmohammadi, S. (2011). Entrepreneurship and SME Business. Industry and Technology War. 109: 11-11. Mirlotfi, M., Alavizadeh, A., Badakhsh, Y. (2015). Pathology of the Effects of home based business Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages in Dishmok County, Kohgiluyeh County). Rural Research and Planning 3 (5): 1-11. Modaresi, M., Arasti, Z., Talebi, K., Ferasatkhah, M. (2016). Pathology of government support programs for the growth of home based businesses from the point of view of female homeowners in Iran.  Management of Governmental Organizations 3 (14): 25-46. Mohammadi Elyasi, G. H., Notash, H. (2012). Identifying the Roots of the Defeat of Iranian Workers: A Discourse Narrative. Entrepreneurship Development 4 (3): 31-50. Musket, G., Mike, W. (2005). Home-Based Business: An Economic Development Alternative, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets, from http://osufacts.okstate.edu Najafi, B., Safa, L. (2015). Entrepreneurial home based Businesses and Their Obstacles and their Development Challenges in Rural Areas. Agricultural Entrepreneurship 1 (2): 61-73. Najafi, A., Ghasemkhani, G. H. (2011). A review of the current business models of the home and provide a suitable model for Iran. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran. Online Economy (2018). 10% share of household jobs from gross domestic product. News Code: 236032. 7 December 2018. Available in: https://www.eghtesadonline.com. Online Economy (2019). Details of the three-year home business profile. News Code: 340818. 9 March 2019. Available in: https://www.eghtesadonline.com. Rezaee, R., Najafi, B. (2016). Barriers to launching and expanding household businesses in rural areas of Urmia. Entrepreneurship Development 8 (3): 433-451. Roodgar nejad, F., Kiakajoori, K. (2011). Challenges and barriers to home business development. The First National Conference on the Development of Home Based Business, Challenges and Solutions. Tehran. 135-143. Rosnafisah, S., Site Salvia, M. S. H., Mohd Sharifuddin, A. (2009). The e-Business Potential for Home-Based Businesses in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Cyber Society and Education 2 (1): 21-36. Saadi, H., Heydari, F. (2014). Home Business Cooperatives in Hamedan Province (Challenges and Solutions). Entrepreneurship Development 6 (1): 87-104. Taghi Beygi, M., Aghasi, H., Mirakzadeh, A. (2015). Study of Barriers and Appropriate Solutions for the Development of Rural Home Jobs in Islamabad. Rural research 5 (2): 283-310. Tohidi, H., Vakil-o-roaya, Y. (2017). The study of the barriers and challenges of developing women's domestic businesses in the villages of Semnan. National Conference on Women's Role in Sustainable Development. Islamic Azad University of Damghan Branch. Yagobi Forani, A., Jalilian, S. (2015). Economic and social effects of rural women's home based business in Islamabad. Space Economics and Rural Development 2 (12): 93-113.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.237930.1140 اشتغال روستایی تحلیل اثرات دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار در مناطق روستایی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان هرسین) تحلیل اثرات دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار در مناطق روستایی غلامی مجید کارشناس ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. رستمی فرحناز استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 186 199 16 07 2017 18 03 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71809.html

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل اثرات دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار در مناطق روستایی شهرستان هرسین و با بهره‌گیری از پارادایم کیفی انجام شد. تحلیل محتوای داده‌های گردآوری‌شده از طریق مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند با 20 نفر از افرادی که از بازار کار اولیه به بازار کار ثانویه منتقل شده بودند، نشان داد که مشکلات جسمی و روحی، کاهش آزادی فردی، مشکلات رفاهی و مالی، مشکلات خانوادگی، مهاجرت و رها شدن امور روستا، تحلیل رفتار و فرهنگ اجتماعی، کاهش ارتباطات اجتماعی، مشکلات شخصی و خانوادگی، مشکلات مالی و کمبود پس‌انداز و مشکلات حفاظتی از چالش‌های دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار در شهرستان هرسین به شمار می‌روند. این در حالی است که دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار در منطقه موردمطالعه آثار و پیامدهای اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و فردی مثبتی را نیز به دنبال داشته است.

 دوگانگی جغرافیایی بازار کار اولیه بازار کار ثانویه شهرستان هرسین Asayesh, H. (1996). Rural Planning Principles and Methods. Tehran: Message Noor. National Divisions Database, Revised August 1395, Official Website of the Ministry of Interior of Iran. Faraji Sabokbar, H. (2013). Analysis of spatial differences of activity (employment and unemployment) in rural areas of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 2 (6): 24-3. Fuest, C., Thum, M. (2000). Welfare effects of immigration in a dual labor market. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 30 (5). Feyzpour, Mohammad Ali. And Salehi Firoozabadi, Glasa. (2013). Study of duality in the labor market in rural and urban areas of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Village and Development, 16 (1): 19-1. Gharebaghian, M. (1993). The economy of growth and development. Tehran: Publishing Ney. Gholami, M. (2015). Analysis of the Effects of the Diversity of the Labor Market in the Rural Areas of Harsin. Master's Thesis, Razi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education. Harris, J. R., Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: two sectoranalysis. American Economic Review, 15(1), pp. 126-142. Launov, Andrey. (2004). An Alternative Approach to Testing Dual Labour Market Theory.IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1289. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=586825. Meng, X. and Zhang, D. (2001). The two- tier labor market in urban china: occupational segregation and wage differentials between urban residents and rural migrants in Shanghai. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29 (3). Panahi, R., Merseli, I. (2006). Investigating the Inequality of Urban-Rural Employment in the country during the years 1956- 2006. Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 14 (56): 166-143. Reich, M.; Gordon, D.M.; and Edwards, R. (1973), “Dual Labor markets: a theory of Labor Market Segmentation: American Economic Review, Vol 63, No: 2. Report of the Center for Statistics of Iran,1986,2006, 2011. Rezvani, M., Mansourian, H., Mahmoudian Zadeh, M,.Heydarian Mohammad Abadi. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Unemployment in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran with Spatial Data Exploration Analysis Approach. Quarterly Journal of Physical Development Planning, 1 (3): 48-37. Stiglitz,Joseph E. (1974). Alternative Theories of Wage Determination and Unemployment in LDC's: The Labor Turnover Model.Columbia University Academic Commons, http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13924. Struss.A, Corbin. (2008), Qualify Research methodology. Strategies of Inquiry. 273-285. Zangi Abadi, A., Sidayee, S. m. (2012).A Spatial Analysis of Employment Indicators Using Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (Case Study of Isfahan Province). Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros Eye. 4 (12): 150-133._||_ Asayesh, H. (1996). Rural Planning Principles and Methods. Tehran: Message Noor. National Divisions Database, Revised August 1395, Official Website of the Ministry of Interior of Iran. Faraji Sabokbar, H. (2013). Analysis of spatial differences of activity (employment and unemployment) in rural areas of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Rural Space and Rural Development, 2 (6): 24-3. Fuest, C., Thum, M. (2000). Welfare effects of immigration in a dual labor market. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 30 (5). Feyzpour, Mohammad Ali. And Salehi Firoozabadi, Glasa. (2013). Study of duality in the labor market in rural and urban areas of Iran. Quarterly Journal of Village and Development, 16 (1): 19-1. Gharebaghian, M. (1993). The economy of growth and development. Tehran: Publishing Ney. Gholami, M. (2015). Analysis of the Effects of the Diversity of the Labor Market in the Rural Areas of Harsin. Master's Thesis, Razi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education. Harris, J. R., Todaro, M. P. (1970). Migration, unemployment and development: two sectoranalysis. American Economic Review, 15(1), pp. 126-142. Launov, Andrey. (2004). An Alternative Approach to Testing Dual Labour Market Theory.IZA Discussion Paper, No. 1289. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=586825. Meng, X. and Zhang, D. (2001). The two- tier labor market in urban china: occupational segregation and wage differentials between urban residents and rural migrants in Shanghai. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29 (3). Panahi, R., Merseli, I. (2006). Investigating the Inequality of Urban-Rural Employment in the country during the years 1956- 2006. Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 14 (56): 166-143. Reich, M.; Gordon, D.M.; and Edwards, R. (1973), “Dual Labor markets: a theory of Labor Market Segmentation: American Economic Review, Vol 63, No: 2. Report of the Center for Statistics of Iran,1986,2006, 2011. Rezvani, M., Mansourian, H., Mahmoudian Zadeh, M,.Heydarian Mohammad Abadi. (2013). Spatial Analysis of Unemployment in Urban and Rural Areas of Iran with Spatial Data Exploration Analysis Approach. Quarterly Journal of Physical Development Planning, 1 (3): 48-37. Stiglitz,Joseph E. (1974). Alternative Theories of Wage Determination and Unemployment in LDC's: The Labor Turnover Model.Columbia University Academic Commons, http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13924. Struss.A, Corbin. (2008), Qualify Research methodology. Strategies of Inquiry. 273-285. Zangi Abadi, A., Sidayee, S. m. (2012).A Spatial Analysis of Employment Indicators Using Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (Case Study of Isfahan Province). Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros Eye. 4 (12): 150-133.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.270334.1303 کارآفرینی روستایی سنجش مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکت‌های کارآفرینی کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی (موردمطالعه: دهستان‌های شهرستان‌های کاشمر و بردسکن و خلیل‌آباد) سنجش مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکت‌های کارآفرینی کشاورزی در مناطق روستایی سجاسی قیداری حمدالله استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. شایان حمید استاد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. واعظ طبسی علی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 200 213 27 11 2018 09 06 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71816.html

مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی ابزاری است برای بحث تعهداتی که یک شرکت باید نسبت به جامعه خود داشته باشد. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر سنجش مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکت‌هایی که در زمینه کشاورزی کارآفرین محسوب می‌شوند در 6 بعد اقتصادی، اخلاقی، اجتماعی، زیست‌محیطی، قانونی و بشردوستانه را مدنظر قرار داده است. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی و تحلیلی است که با استفاده از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی از 10 شرکت کارآفرینی روستایی که در زمینه کشاورزی، در شهرستان‌های کاشمر و بردسکن و خلیل‌آباد فعالیت دارند اطلاعات گردآوری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS، Expert Choice و مدل ویکور فازی مورد تحلیل قرارگرفته است. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که بین اکثر شاخص‌های مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی شرکت‌های موردمطالعه همبستگی زیادی وجود دارد و همچنین در بین شرکت‌های کارآفرینی موردنظر، دو شرکت فخر ترشیز با Q به‌دست‌آمده 256/0 و شرکت کشت و صنعت پیشرو صالح کاشمر با Q به‌دست‌آمده 078/0 با تمهیدات خاصی که در بحث اشتغال‌زایی، استاندارد و کیفیت محصول، بسته‌بندی مناسب، بازاریابی دقیق، نگاه زیست‌محیطی، انجام داده‌اند بالاترین رتبه‌ها و شرکت تعاونی خشکبار ارمغان بردسکن با Q به‌دست‌آمده 1، شرکت فرآورده‌های غذایی نگین یاقوت توس با Q به‌دست‌آمده 700/0 پایین‌ترین رتبه‌ها خود اختصاص داده‌اند.

 شرکت‌های کارآفرینی کشاورزی کارآفرینی روستایی مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی ویکور فازی Akbari, M, and Faham, E (2016). Investigating the Role of Individual Values and Business Ethics on Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness Agencies, Journal of Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47(1),197-209. Akinyomi, Oladele John. (2013). Survey of corporate social responsibility practices in Nigerian manufacturing sector. International Journal of Research Studies in Management. April, 2(1), 33-42. Bantel, K., Jackson, S. (2000). Top management and innovations in banking: does the composition of the top team maked difference. Strategic management journal, 7(1), 107-110. Belal Uddin, M. Riad Hassan, Md. Tarique, K, Md. (2008). Three Dimensional Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility, Daffodil International University Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 199-212. Brimah. A. Nassir & Olanipekun. W. Damilola & Ibikunle. O. Hassan. (2013). Contributions of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices to National development in Nigeria: The MTN Nigeria Experience. International Journal of Economics and Management. 1(2): 74-81. Briones Peñalver, A. J., Bernal Conesa, J. A., and Nieves Nieto, C. (2018) Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in Spanish Agribusiness and Its Influence on Innovation and Performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(1): 182– 193. doi: 10.1002/csr.1448. Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, July-August, available at: www.cbe.wwu.edu/dunn/rprn ts.pyramidofcsr.pdf Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance,' Academy of Management Review, 4(4): 411-525. Chandler. D. & Werther. W. B (2006). Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. SAGE publications. California. Chrisman, J.J., Chua, J.H., and Sharma, P. (2003). Current trends and future directions in family business management studies: Toward a theory of the family firm. Coleman White Paper Series, (4): 1-63. Cohen, J. (2007). Philanthropy. In W. Visser, D. Matten, M. Pohl, & N. Tolhurst (Eds.), The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. 363-365. Mitra. C., Silvia; C. & Borza, A. (2011). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Responsibility: Comparative Study. Management & Marketing; Bucharest, 6(2): 243-254. Ford, M. (1985). “Social Cognition and Social Competence in Adolescence”, Development Psychology, 18(1);323- 340. Freeman, I. & Hasnaoui, A. (2011). The meaning of corporate social responsibility: The vision of four nations. Journal of Business Ethics. 100 (3): 419-443. Frentrup, M & Theuvsen, L (2006), ‘Transparency in supply chains: Is trust a limiting factor?’ in Trust and risk in business networks, eds M Fritz, U Rickert & G Schiefer, Bonn. Genier, C, Stamp, M & Pfitzer, M N. D., (2014) Corporate social responsibility in the agrifood sector: harnessing innovation for sustainable development. Available from: http://www.fsg.org/tabid/191/ArticleId/296/Default.aspx?srpush=true. Haji Nejad, A, Fattahi, A, Paydar, A, (2015). Application of decision-making models and techniques in geography with emphasis on rural, urban and tourism planning, Tehran: Jahad university. International Organization for Standardization, (2010). Guidance on social responsibility. Final Draft, Geneva, November 1. Jahn, G, Spiller, A & Schramm, M (2004), Trust in certification procedures: An institutional economics approach investigating the quality of audits within food chains, Paper presented at 14th IAMA Conference, June 12–15, 2004, Montreux, Switzerland. Lantos, G. P. (2001). The Ethicality of Altruistic Corporate Social Responsibility. Stonehill College, North Easton, MA 20351. CBFA Version. Luhmann, H, Theuvsen, L. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness: Literature Review and Future Research Directions.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(4): 673-696 Mazur-Wierzbicka, E (2015). The Application of Corporate Social Responsibility in European Agriculture. Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies On Development, 19(1): 19-23. McElwee, G., and Bosworth, G. (2010). Exploring the strategic skills of farmers across a typology of farm diversification approaches. Journal of Farm Management, 13(12): 819–838. Rosario González-Rodríguez, M. Carmen Díaz-Fernández, M. Simonetti, B. (2015), The social, economic and environmental dimensions of corporate social responsibility: The role played by consumers and potential entrepreneurs, International Business Review, 24(5),836-848, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.03.002. Royai. R. & mehrdost. h. (2010). A survey on the role of cultural managers in improvement of social responsibility (A case study of Iran Broadcasting). Journal of Social Sciences. 3(3): 101-114. Sheibani, N, (2014). Entrepreneurship: Creation and Development of New Business, Kerman: Cultural Services. Sheth, H. (2006). Beyond The Game: Corporate Social Responsibility in the Sports Industry. Master thesis in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. Silva Niño A, C. (2015). Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility: Differences and Points in Common, Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 2(2); 85- 93. Snider. Jamie, Hill, R. Paul & Martin, Diane. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 48 (2):175-187. Stranieri, S, Orsi, L, Banterle, A, Ricci, EC, (2019). Sustainable development and supply chain coordination: The impact of corporate social responsibility rules in the European Union food industry. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management; 26(1): 481– 491. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1698 Trong Tuan, Luu. (2015) "From corporate social responsibility, through entrepreneurial orientation, to knowledge sharing: A study in Cai Luong (Renovated Theatre) theatre companies", The Learning Organization,22(2); 74-92, https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2014-0052 Vik, J., and McElwee, G. (2011). Diversification and the entrepreneurial motivations of farmers in Norway. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(3): 390–410. Yaacob, Y. Abdul Ghani Azmi, I. (2012), Entrepreneur's Social Responsibilities From Islamic Perspective: A Study of Muslim Entrepreneurs In Malaysia, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58(1), 1131-1138,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1094._||_ Akbari, M, and Faham, E (2016). Investigating the Role of Individual Values and Business Ethics on Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness Agencies, Journal of Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research, 47(1),197-209. Akinyomi, Oladele John. (2013). Survey of corporate social responsibility practices in Nigerian manufacturing sector. International Journal of Research Studies in Management. April, 2(1), 33-42. Bantel, K., Jackson, S. (2000). Top management and innovations in banking: does the composition of the top team maked difference. Strategic management journal, 7(1), 107-110. Belal Uddin, M. Riad Hassan, Md. Tarique, K, Md. (2008). Three Dimensional Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility, Daffodil International University Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 199-212. Brimah. A. Nassir & Olanipekun. W. Damilola & Ibikunle. O. Hassan. (2013). Contributions of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices to National development in Nigeria: The MTN Nigeria Experience. International Journal of Economics and Management. 1(2): 74-81. Briones Peñalver, A. J., Bernal Conesa, J. A., and Nieves Nieto, C. (2018) Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in Spanish Agribusiness and Its Influence on Innovation and Performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(1): 182– 193. doi: 10.1002/csr.1448. Carroll, A. B. (1991). The pyramid of corporate social responsibility: toward the moral management of organizational stakeholders. Business Horizons, July-August, available at: www.cbe.wwu.edu/dunn/rprn ts.pyramidofcsr.pdf Carroll, A. B. (1979). A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Social Performance,' Academy of Management Review, 4(4): 411-525. Chandler. D. & Werther. W. B (2006). Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. SAGE publications. California. Chrisman, J.J., Chua, J.H., and Sharma, P. (2003). Current trends and future directions in family business management studies: Toward a theory of the family firm. Coleman White Paper Series, (4): 1-63. Cohen, J. (2007). Philanthropy. In W. Visser, D. Matten, M. Pohl, & N. Tolhurst (Eds.), The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility. 363-365. Mitra. C., Silvia; C. & Borza, A. (2011). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Responsibility: Comparative Study. Management & Marketing; Bucharest, 6(2): 243-254. Ford, M. (1985). “Social Cognition and Social Competence in Adolescence”, Development Psychology, 18(1);323- 340. Freeman, I. & Hasnaoui, A. (2011). The meaning of corporate social responsibility: The vision of four nations. Journal of Business Ethics. 100 (3): 419-443. Frentrup, M & Theuvsen, L (2006), ‘Transparency in supply chains: Is trust a limiting factor?’ in Trust and risk in business networks, eds M Fritz, U Rickert & G Schiefer, Bonn. Genier, C, Stamp, M & Pfitzer, M N. D., (2014) Corporate social responsibility in the agrifood sector: harnessing innovation for sustainable development. Available from: http://www.fsg.org/tabid/191/ArticleId/296/Default.aspx?srpush=true. Haji Nejad, A, Fattahi, A, Paydar, A, (2015). Application of decision-making models and techniques in geography with emphasis on rural, urban and tourism planning, Tehran: Jahad university. International Organization for Standardization, (2010). Guidance on social responsibility. Final Draft, Geneva, November 1. Jahn, G, Spiller, A & Schramm, M (2004), Trust in certification procedures: An institutional economics approach investigating the quality of audits within food chains, Paper presented at 14th IAMA Conference, June 12–15, 2004, Montreux, Switzerland. Lantos, G. P. (2001). The Ethicality of Altruistic Corporate Social Responsibility. Stonehill College, North Easton, MA 20351. CBFA Version. Luhmann, H, Theuvsen, L. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility in Agribusiness: Literature Review and Future Research Directions.Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(4): 673-696 Mazur-Wierzbicka, E (2015). The Application of Corporate Social Responsibility in European Agriculture. Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies On Development, 19(1): 19-23. McElwee, G., and Bosworth, G. (2010). Exploring the strategic skills of farmers across a typology of farm diversification approaches. Journal of Farm Management, 13(12): 819–838. Rosario González-Rodríguez, M. Carmen Díaz-Fernández, M. Simonetti, B. (2015), The social, economic and environmental dimensions of corporate social responsibility: The role played by consumers and potential entrepreneurs, International Business Review, 24(5),836-848, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.03.002. Royai. R. & mehrdost. h. (2010). A survey on the role of cultural managers in improvement of social responsibility (A case study of Iran Broadcasting). Journal of Social Sciences. 3(3): 101-114. Sheibani, N, (2014). Entrepreneurship: Creation and Development of New Business, Kerman: Cultural Services. Sheth, H. (2006). Beyond The Game: Corporate Social Responsibility in the Sports Industry. Master thesis in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. Silva Niño A, C. (2015). Entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility: Differences and Points in Common, Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 2(2); 85- 93. Snider. Jamie, Hill, R. Paul & Martin, Diane. (2003). Corporate social responsibility in the 21st century: A view from the world's most successful firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 48 (2):175-187. Stranieri, S, Orsi, L, Banterle, A, Ricci, EC, (2019). Sustainable development and supply chain coordination: The impact of corporate social responsibility rules in the European Union food industry. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management; 26(1): 481– 491. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1698 Trong Tuan, Luu. (2015) "From corporate social responsibility, through entrepreneurial orientation, to knowledge sharing: A study in Cai Luong (Renovated Theatre) theatre companies", The Learning Organization,22(2); 74-92, https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2014-0052 Vik, J., and McElwee, G. (2011). Diversification and the entrepreneurial motivations of farmers in Norway. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(3): 390–410. Yaacob, Y. Abdul Ghani Azmi, I. (2012), Entrepreneur's Social Responsibilities From Islamic Perspective: A Study of Muslim Entrepreneurs In Malaysia, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58(1), 1131-1138,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1094.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2018.256365.1247 توسعه پایدار روستایی واکاوی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری خانوارهای روستایی در شرایط خشکسالی در شهرستان دیواندره واکاوی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری خانوارهای روستایی در شرایط خشکسالی در شهرستان دیواندره سواری مسلم استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. عبدشاهی عباس دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 214 229 22 04 2018 29 09 2018 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_67951.html

هدف کلی این پژوهش، واکاوی نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در بهبود تاب‌آوری خانوارهای روستایی در شرایط خشکسالی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل سرپرست خانوارهای‏ روستایی کشاورزان کوچک‌مقیاس در روستاهای شهرستان دیواندره بود (N=10099). با استفاده از فرمول نمونه‌گیری کوکران حجم نمونه 184 نفر به دست آمد که برای افزایش اعتبار یافته‏ها، تعداد 200 پرسشنامه بین اعضای جامعه آماری توزیع گردید که درنهایت 195 پرسشنامه تکمیل و عودت داده شد. روش نمونه‏گیری، تصادفی طبقه‏ای (بخش‌های مختلف به‌عنوان طبقه در نظر گرفته شد) با انتساب متناسب بود. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد (α>0.7). تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‏ها با ‏استفاده از نرم‏افزار SPSSwin18 و Lisrel8.54 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که خانوارهای موردمطالعه ازنظر وضعیت سرمایه اجتماعی در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار دارند اما ازنظر وضعیت تاب‌آوری در وضعیت مناسبی نیستند. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین تمامی ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی (اعتماد اجتماعی، مشارکت و اقدام جمعی، انسجام اجتماعی و عضویت در گروه‌ها) خانوارهای موردمطالعه و تاب‌آوری آنان رابطه مثبت و معنی‏داری وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، نتایج مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری پژوهش نشان داد که ابعاد سرمایه اجتماعی با ضریب تبیین 81 درصد ( 90/γ=0 , 81/t=17) اثر مثبت و معنی‏داری بر تاب‌آوری خانوارهای موردبررسی دارد.

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JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2018.230885.1090 مقاله پژوهشی تحلیل تاب‌آوری کشاورزان در برابر خشکسالی با تأکید بر عوامل اقتصادی و سرمایه اجتماعی در نواحی روستایی (موردمطالعه: دهستان رونیز، شهرستان استهبان) تحلیل تاب‌آوری کشاورزان در برابر خشکسالی با تأکید بر عوامل اقتصادی و سرمایه اجتماعی در نواحی روستایی اکبریان سعید رضا دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران. رمضان زاده لسبویی مهدی دانشیار گروه جهانگردی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 230 243 09 04 2017 09 06 2018 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_67931.html

تاب‌آوری رویکردی مثبت به مقوله خشکسالی است که در سال‌های اخیر بیشتر به‌جای آسیب‌پذیری در مطالعات مدیریت بلایای طبیعی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف مقاله حاضر تحلیل وضعیت تاب‌آوری کشاورزان ساکن در دهستان رونیز (شهرستان استهبان) و شناسایی عوامل موثر بر میزان تاب‌آوری آنان است که در سال‌های اخیر در برابر این مخاطره قرار گرفته‌اند. تحقیق حاضر از نوع هدف کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی تحلیلی است. اطلاعات و داده های مورد نیاز در این پژوهش بر مبنای دو روش اسنادی و میدانی (پرسشنامه) جمع‌آوری شده است. واحد تحلیل پژوهش، کشاورزان ساکن در محدوده مورد مطالعه هستند که با استفاده از روش کوکران تعداد 230 کشاورز به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شده‌اند. همچنین داده‌های گردآوری شده با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری T تک نمونه‌ای، روش رگرسیون و ضریب همبستگی تجزیه - تحلیل شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که در فرآیند تاب‌آوری کشاورزان سرپرست خانوار از بین دو عامل کلیدی سرمایه اجتماعی و اقتصادی، عوامل اقتصادی تأثیر بیشتری در میزان تاب‌آوری در برابر خشکسالی دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان از آن دارد که سرمایه اجتماعی بالاتر به تاب‌آوری قوی تر در برابر خشکسالی منجر می شود.

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Ocean & Coastal Management, 112, 36-43. Pham, J. (2012). How to creat a resilient City Preventing community loss in the event of a natural disaster, Senior Research Project University of California, San Diego. Rafieian, M., Rezaei, M. R., Askari, A., Parhizkar A., & Shayan, S. (2011). Explaining the concept of resilience index of community based disaster management (CBDM), Journal of Spatial Planning, 15(4), 19-41. Ramezanzadeh Lasbooi, M., Badri, S. A., Asgari, A., Salmani, M., & Ghadiri Masom, M. (2013). Rural resilience sample tourism regions on multiple attribute decision making (Case study: Cheshmeh Kileh branch, Tonekabon county and Sardabrood branch, Kelardasht county). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 1(3), 131-155. Rezaei, M.R & Rafieian, M., (2010). The resilience reinforcement to reduce the effects of natural disasters in rural areas. First International Conference on Rural Settlements, Bonyad Maskan, Tehran. Rezaei, M.R (2013). Evaluating the economic and institutional resilience of urban communities to natural disasters using PROMETHE technique, Journal of Emergency Management, 2(1), 27-38. Ride, A. (2011). Community resilience in natural disasters. New York Palgrave Macmillan. Rockstrom, J., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Hoff, H., Rost, S., & Gerten, D. (2009). Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change. Water Resources Research, 45(7). Sadeghloo, T., & Sojasi, S.,(2015). Survey relationship between rural settlement livability and rural resilience in front of natural disaster in rural areas of Mravehtapeh and Palizan County, Journal of Emergency Management, 3(2), 37-44. Salehi, E., Aghababaei, M. T., Sarmadi, H., & Farzad Behtish, M. R. (2011). [Considering the environment resiliency by use of cause model (Persian)]. Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(59), 99-112. Sanyal, Saswata & Jayant K. Routray. (2016). Social capital for disaster risk reduction and management with empirical evidences from Sundarbans of India, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,  Volume 19,  October 2016, 101-111. Sharifnia, F. (2012). Investigating the relationship between urban land use and the resiliency of the earthquake and solutions in the field of urban planning; Case study: Tehran, Region10. (MA thesis). Tehran: Tehran University. Tidball, K. G., Krasny, M. E., Svendsen, E., Campbell, L., & Helphand, K. (2010). Stewardship, learning, and memory in disaster resilience. Environmental Education Research, 16(5-6), 591-609. Zhou, H., Wan, J., & Jia, H. (2010). Resilience to natural hazards: a geographic perspective. Natural Hazards, 53(1), 21-41._||_ Babakhani, F., Yazdannasab, M., & Nouri, M. (2013). Important influential factors on people’s tendency for voluntary participation during crisis. Journal of Emergency Management, 2(2), 5-13. Backeberg, G. R., & Viljoen, M. F. (2003). Drought management in South Africa. In a workshop of the ICID Working Group on Irrigation under Drought and Water Scarcity, Tehran, Iran (pp. 13-14). Badri, S. A., Ramezanzadeh Lasboei, M., Asgary, A., Ghadirimasom, M., & Salmani, M.(2013) The role of local management in improving resilience to natural disasters with emphasis on floods. Journal of Emergency Management, 2(1), 39-50. Batabyal, A. A. (1998). The concept of resilience: retrospect and prospect .Environment and Development Economics, 3(02), 221-262. Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., & Wisner, B. (2014). At risk: natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters. Routledge. Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., & Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global environmental change, 18(4), 598-606. Eftekhari, A.R., Moosavi, S.M., Poortaheri, M., & Farajzadeh, M.(2014). Analysis of the role of livelihood diversity to rural household resilience in drought condition: case study of the drought exposed areas of Isfahan province, Journal rural research, 5(3), 639-662. Falkenmark, M., & Rockstrom, J. (2008). Building resilience to drought in desertification-prone savannas in Sub- Saharan Africa: The water perspective. In Natural Resources Forum (Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 93-102). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Hakimi, H., Mabudi, M.T., Alizadeh, P. (2017) An Analysis of Individual Resilience of Informal Settlement Residents against Environmental Hazard (Case study: Urmia City), Geography and urban planning research, 5(2), pp. 173-198. Hosseini, M., Sharifzadeh, A., & Akbari, M. (2009). Causes, effects and management mechanisms of drought crisis in rural and nomadic communities in southeastern Iran as perceived by agricultural/rural managers and specialist.J Hum Ecol, 27(3), 189-200. Joerin, J., Shaw, R., Takeuchi, Y., & Krishnamurthy, R. (2012). Assessing community resilience to climate-related disasters in Chennai, India.International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 1, 44-54. Keil, A., Zeller, M., Wida, A., Sanim, B., & Birner, R. (2008). What determines farmers’ resilience towards ENSO-related drought? An empirical assessment in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Climatic Change, 86(3-4), 291-307. Leitch, A. M., & Bohensky, E. L. (2014). Return to ‘a new normal’: Discourses of resilience to natural disasters in Australian newspapers 2006–2010. Global Environmental Change, 26, 14-26. Lindanger, H. B. (2012). Resilience in a Global Disaster: The Local in Disaster-Induced Compressed Globalization. In Forum for Development Studies (Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 387-406). Routledge. Marincioni, F., Appiotti, F., Pusceddu, A., & Byrne, K. (2013). Enhancing resistance and resilience to disasters with microfinance: parallels with ecological trophic systems. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 4, 52-62. Mitchell, R. J., Auld, M. H., Le Duc, M. G., & Robert, M. H. (2000). Ecosystem stability and resilience: a review of their relevance for the conservation management of lowland heaths. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 3(2), 142-160. Mokhtari, D., saleh, I., (2007) The analysis of Economic and Social Dimensions of Drought and Its Effects on Rural Households in Sistan Region, 6th National Conference of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Muller, M. (2007). Adapting to climate change water management for urban resilience." Environment and Urbanization 19(1): 99-113. Petzold, J., & Ratter, B. M. (2015). Climate change adaptation under a social capital approach–An analytical framework for small islands. Ocean & Coastal Management, 112, 36-43. Pham, J. (2012). How to creat a resilient City Preventing community loss in the event of a natural disaster, Senior Research Project University of California, San Diego. Rafieian, M., Rezaei, M. R., Askari, A., Parhizkar A., & Shayan, S. (2011). Explaining the concept of resilience index of community based disaster management (CBDM), Journal of Spatial Planning, 15(4), 19-41. Ramezanzadeh Lasbooi, M., Badri, S. A., Asgari, A., Salmani, M., & Ghadiri Masom, M. (2013). Rural resilience sample tourism regions on multiple attribute decision making (Case study: Cheshmeh Kileh branch, Tonekabon county and Sardabrood branch, Kelardasht county). Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 1(3), 131-155. Rezaei, M.R & Rafieian, M., (2010). The resilience reinforcement to reduce the effects of natural disasters in rural areas. First International Conference on Rural Settlements, Bonyad Maskan, Tehran. Rezaei, M.R (2013). Evaluating the economic and institutional resilience of urban communities to natural disasters using PROMETHE technique, Journal of Emergency Management, 2(1), 27-38. Ride, A. (2011). Community resilience in natural disasters. New York Palgrave Macmillan. Rockstrom, J., Falkenmark, M., Karlberg, L., Hoff, H., Rost, S., & Gerten, D. (2009). Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change. Water Resources Research, 45(7). Sadeghloo, T., & Sojasi, S.,(2015). Survey relationship between rural settlement livability and rural resilience in front of natural disaster in rural areas of Mravehtapeh and Palizan County, Journal of Emergency Management, 3(2), 37-44. Salehi, E., Aghababaei, M. T., Sarmadi, H., & Farzad Behtish, M. R. (2011). [Considering the environment resiliency by use of cause model (Persian)]. Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(59), 99-112. Sanyal, Saswata & Jayant K. Routray. (2016). Social capital for disaster risk reduction and management with empirical evidences from Sundarbans of India, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,  Volume 19,  October 2016, 101-111. Sharifnia, F. (2012). Investigating the relationship between urban land use and the resiliency of the earthquake and solutions in the field of urban planning; Case study: Tehran, Region10. (MA thesis). Tehran: Tehran University. Tidball, K. G., Krasny, M. E., Svendsen, E., Campbell, L., & Helphand, K. (2010). Stewardship, learning, and memory in disaster resilience. Environmental Education Research, 16(5-6), 591-609. Zhou, H., Wan, J., & Jia, H. (2010). Resilience to natural hazards: a geographic perspective. Natural Hazards, 53(1), 21-41.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.264124.1277 بازساخت روستایی ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در مقابل مخاطرات محیطی (مورد‌مطالعه: شهرستان‌های بیرجند و خوسف) ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در مقابل مخاطرات محیطی میکانیکی جواد دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. اسمعیل نژاد مرتضی دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. اکبرپور محمد استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 244 257 20 08 2018 05 01 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_70089.html

رفتار مخاطرات طبیعی در طی زمان منجر به تخریب بنیان‌های طبیعی و انسان‌ساخت نقاط روستایی می‌گردد. تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات و ارتباط آن با محیط انسان‌ساخت می‌تواند درک فضایی ما را نسبت به روابط فضایی تبیین کند.  شهرستان‌های بیرجند و خوسف یکی از مناطق ناپایدار جمعیتی طی دو دهه اخیر بوده‌اند. مخاطرات محیطی مانند خشکسالی، بحران آب و ریزگردها پیشران ناپایداری این روستاها شده و  باعث تخلیه جمعیت روستایی در این منطقه گشته‌اند. این پژوهش با رویکردی کاربردی به ارزیابی مخاطرات محیطی محدوده موردمطالعه پرداخته و نقش آن‌ها را در ناپایداری روستاهای منطقه بررسی نموده است. برای انجام این پژوهش نخست به ایجاد پایگاه داده‌ای مهم‌ترین مخاطرات محیطی (خشکسالی، زلزله، یخبندان، گردوغبار، شوری و سختی آب) در محیط جی.آی.اس صورت گرفت و با استفاده از روش‌های وزن دهی فازی نقشه نهایی مخاطرات محدوده تهیه و نقاط داغ و سرد آن شناسایی و الگوهای خطر آشکار شد. سپس پایگاه جمعیتی 540 روستای منطقه برای شش دوره سرشماری (1395-1355) با استفاده از نظرسنجی درباره شدت، فراوانی مخاطرات و میزان تاب‌آوری روستایی با تهیه پرسشنامه تخصصی ویژگی‌های مخاطرات محیطی منطقه واکاوی گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که 250 روستا دارای رشد جمعیتی صفر و منفی می‌باشند. مناطق جنوبی و شمالی منطقه دارای شدت آسیب‌پذیری بالایی هستند. همچنین 47 درصد از منطقه در پهنه خطرپذیری شدید قرار دارند که مشتمل بر67 سکونتگاه است در این پهنه واقع گردیده‌اند.

 ناپایداری تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات آسیب‌پذیری خوسف و بیرجند Asgari, Ali (2011), Analyze of Spatial Planning with ARCGIS, Organization of IT Municipally Tehran Publications. Benson, C. (1997), “The economic impact of natural disasters in Vietnam', Research Report.pp1-28. Beyglou,Jafar,Ghadirimsom,Mojtaba,Mosavirozan,Mohammad,Bakhshi,Zahra(2013), The Role of Natural Factors in Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements of Torbate Jam City, Journal of Spatial Economicand Rural Development ,4(2),PP 33-54. Brooks, N. (2003): Vulnerability, Risk and Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework. Tyndall Centre working. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.38 (3), pp 644-656. Clark, G. E. S. C. Moser. S. J. Ratick, K. Dow, W. B. Meyer, S. Emani. W. Jin, J. X. Kasperson, R. E. Kasperson and H. E. Schwarz, (1998), assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to extreme storms: the case of Revere, MA., USA, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 3, 59-82. Davies, M. Christophe Bene. Alexander Arnall, Thomas Tanner, Andrew Newsham and Cristina Coirolo (2013), "Promoting Resilient Livelihoods through Adaptive Social Protection: Lessons from 124 programmers in South Asia". Development Policy Review, 31(1): 27-58. Elbers, C. Lanjouw, J. and Lanjouw, P., (2003), Micro-level estimation of poverty and inequality, Econometrica, 71 (1), 355-364. Forster, S. (2008): Assessing Flood Riskfor a Rural Detention Area. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences; vol. 8, pp 311 – 322. Guha-Spair, D., (2011) trends in Natural disaster. Louvain School of Medicine Brussels. Venice. Gwimbi, P. (2009): Linking Rural Community Livelihoods to Resilience Building in Flood Risk reduction in Zimbabwe; Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, vol. 2 (1); pp 71 – 79. Hean,H and Herish, G.,(2006). The Economics of Natural Disaster-Implications and Challenge for Food Security. In northern Cyprus. Building and Environment, .37:1003-1012. Hunter, Lori M, Sheena, Murray, Fernando Riosmena, (2011): “Climatic Variability and U.S. Migration from Rural Mexico, Population Program POP, ISB”, Institute of Behavioral Since. IPCC (2010), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.php?idp-40 Jinadu, A. M. (2014): Rural Hazards and Vulnerability Assessment in the Downstream Sector of Shiroro Dam, Nigeria. In: Planet and Risk, 2(6): 370-375, Davos: Global Risk Forum GRF Davos. Kapalan, D., (2010). Natural disaster and differential household effect: evidence from the 2006 Java Earthquake. Kenny, A. (2008). Assessment of the Social Impacts of Drought, Journal of American Water Resources, Association Vol. 37, No 3. Ltifeh, N., Jahani, M., Jafari, H. (2017) Instability of rural settlements with the effect of natural factor Case Study: Damavand County villages, Natural Geography Quarterly, 10(73), pp105-124. Ludwing, F., Scheltinga, C., Verhangen, J., Kruit, B., Van Ierland, E., Dellink, R., Bruin, K., De Bruin., K.,  and Kabat, P. (2007) Climate change impacts on development countries-EU accountability.Ip-04. Mitchell, A., (2005)The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2. ESRI Press. Mohammadi,Sadi,Rostami,Shahbakht,Chaleshi,Mostafa,Soltanimoghadas,Reyhaneh,(2016), The role of natural factors in the instability of rural settlements in the mountainous region and Zagros mountains Case study: Marivan and Saravabad villages, geography and development,3(45),pp133-158. Okuyama, Y., and Sahin, S., (2009) Impact estimate of disaster, A global aggregate for 1960 to 2007. Pelling, M., A Ozerdem and Barakat, S., (2002) the macro-economic of Disasters. Progress in Development Studies, 2-4. Plan of Spatial Planning Khorsanjonobi, (2017), First Volume. Rezvani,Mohammadreza(2011),Introduction  to  Rural Development in Iran , First Volume, Ghomes  Publications ,Tehran Saberifar,Rostam(2009) Analytical survey of marginalization in Birjand: case study of Workers Area, Geographical Research Journal,1(52),pp29-52. United Nations. (2013): Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction; From Shared Risk to Shared Value: The Business Case for Disaster Risk Reduction;pp xiii – xiv. Walker, R.T., and Khatib, M.M., 2006, Active fulting in the Birjand region of in eastern Iran. Tectonics, V. 25, p. 1-17. World Bank. 2010. Agriculture for development. World development report 2008. Washington, DC: World Bank. Yarahmadi,D.,Ashrafi, S.,(2016) Environmental factors affecting the formation and occurrence of natural hazards in rural areas of Silakhor plain, Lorestan province, Environmental hazards Journal,5(8),pp123-136._||_ Asgari, Ali (2011), Analyze of Spatial Planning with ARCGIS, Organization of IT Municipally Tehran Publications. Benson, C. (1997), “The economic impact of natural disasters in Vietnam', Research Report.pp1-28. Beyglou,Jafar,Ghadirimsom,Mojtaba,Mosavirozan,Mohammad,Bakhshi,Zahra(2013), The Role of Natural Factors in Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements of Torbate Jam City, Journal of Spatial Economicand Rural Development ,4(2),PP 33-54. Brooks, N. (2003): Vulnerability, Risk and Adaptation: A Conceptual Framework. Tyndall Centre working. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.38 (3), pp 644-656. Clark, G. E. S. C. Moser. S. J. Ratick, K. Dow, W. B. Meyer, S. Emani. W. Jin, J. X. Kasperson, R. E. Kasperson and H. E. Schwarz, (1998), assessing the vulnerability of coastal communities to extreme storms: the case of Revere, MA., USA, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 3, 59-82. Davies, M. Christophe Bene. Alexander Arnall, Thomas Tanner, Andrew Newsham and Cristina Coirolo (2013), "Promoting Resilient Livelihoods through Adaptive Social Protection: Lessons from 124 programmers in South Asia". Development Policy Review, 31(1): 27-58. Elbers, C. Lanjouw, J. and Lanjouw, P., (2003), Micro-level estimation of poverty and inequality, Econometrica, 71 (1), 355-364. Forster, S. (2008): Assessing Flood Riskfor a Rural Detention Area. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences; vol. 8, pp 311 – 322. Guha-Spair, D., (2011) trends in Natural disaster. Louvain School of Medicine Brussels. Venice. Gwimbi, P. (2009): Linking Rural Community Livelihoods to Resilience Building in Flood Risk reduction in Zimbabwe; Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, vol. 2 (1); pp 71 – 79. Hean,H and Herish, G.,(2006). The Economics of Natural Disaster-Implications and Challenge for Food Security. In northern Cyprus. Building and Environment, .37:1003-1012. Hunter, Lori M, Sheena, Murray, Fernando Riosmena, (2011): “Climatic Variability and U.S. Migration from Rural Mexico, Population Program POP, ISB”, Institute of Behavioral Since. IPCC (2010), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ipccreports/tar/wg1/index.php?idp-40 Jinadu, A. M. (2014): Rural Hazards and Vulnerability Assessment in the Downstream Sector of Shiroro Dam, Nigeria. In: Planet and Risk, 2(6): 370-375, Davos: Global Risk Forum GRF Davos. Kapalan, D., (2010). Natural disaster and differential household effect: evidence from the 2006 Java Earthquake. Kenny, A. (2008). Assessment of the Social Impacts of Drought, Journal of American Water Resources, Association Vol. 37, No 3. Ltifeh, N., Jahani, M., Jafari, H. (2017) Instability of rural settlements with the effect of natural factor Case Study: Damavand County villages, Natural Geography Quarterly, 10(73), pp105-124. Ludwing, F., Scheltinga, C., Verhangen, J., Kruit, B., Van Ierland, E., Dellink, R., Bruin, K., De Bruin., K.,  and Kabat, P. (2007) Climate change impacts on development countries-EU accountability.Ip-04. Mitchell, A., (2005)The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 2. ESRI Press. Mohammadi,Sadi,Rostami,Shahbakht,Chaleshi,Mostafa,Soltanimoghadas,Reyhaneh,(2016), The role of natural factors in the instability of rural settlements in the mountainous region and Zagros mountains Case study: Marivan and Saravabad villages, geography and development,3(45),pp133-158. Okuyama, Y., and Sahin, S., (2009) Impact estimate of disaster, A global aggregate for 1960 to 2007. Pelling, M., A Ozerdem and Barakat, S., (2002) the macro-economic of Disasters. Progress in Development Studies, 2-4. Plan of Spatial Planning Khorsanjonobi, (2017), First Volume. Rezvani,Mohammadreza(2011),Introduction  to  Rural Development in Iran , First Volume, Ghomes  Publications ,Tehran Saberifar,Rostam(2009) Analytical survey of marginalization in Birjand: case study of Workers Area, Geographical Research Journal,1(52),pp29-52. United Nations. (2013): Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction; From Shared Risk to Shared Value: The Business Case for Disaster Risk Reduction;pp xiii – xiv. Walker, R.T., and Khatib, M.M., 2006, Active fulting in the Birjand region of in eastern Iran. Tectonics, V. 25, p. 1-17. World Bank. 2010. Agriculture for development. World development report 2008. Washington, DC: World Bank. Yarahmadi,D.,Ashrafi, S.,(2016) Environmental factors affecting the formation and occurrence of natural hazards in rural areas of Silakhor plain, Lorestan province, Environmental hazards Journal,5(8),pp123-136.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.276097.1331 توسعه پایدار روستایی تأثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر مشارکت روستاییان دربرنامه‌های توسعه روستایی با نقش میانجی اثرات ادراک شده ازبرنامه‌ها و طرح‌ها شفیعی ثابت ناصر استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. خاکسار سوگند کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 258 275 15 02 2019 12 06 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71820.html

توجه به مقوله سرمایه اجتماعی در مدیریت منابع محیطی توسط مردم و مشارکت در برنامه‌های مختلف توسعه به‌مثابه یکی از عناصر مهم مدیریت و توسعه روستایی است؛ که در رفع مشکلات اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی و توزیع بهینه خدمات و امکانات، به‌منظور افزایش رفاه و آسایش روستاییان مؤثر است. بااین‌وجود، اهمیت و جایگاه سرمایه اجتماعی و مشارکت روستاییان به‌درستی تشخیص داده نشده است. بدین ترتیب، ایفای نقش مردم و مشارکت آن‌ها در جهت تسریع فرآیند توسعه آن‌چنان‌که باید موردتوجه قرار نگرفته است. بر این شالوده، این پژوهش رابطه بین بهبود سرمایه اجتماعی روستاییان و مشارکت آن‌ها در برنامه‌های توسعه روستایی با نقش میانجی اثرات محیطی ـ اکولوژیک، فیزیکی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی ـ فرهنگی ادراک‌شده از اجرای برنامه‌ها و طرح‌ها توسط روستاییان در روستاهای استان تهران را آشکار می‌سازد. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر که به روش توصیفی ـ پیمایشی و مبتنی بر ابزار پرسشنامه در 400 خانوار نمونه و در 33 روستای نمونه انجام شد، بیانگر تأثیر مثبت سرمایه اجتماعی بر مشارکت روستاییان در برنامه‌های توسعه روستایی است؛ به سخن دیگر با بهبود آگاهی اجتماعی، اعتماد اجتماعی و شبکه‌های اجتماعی نسبت به اجرای برنامه‌ها و طرح‌های اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی توسط مدیریت محلی، مشارکت روستاییان در اجرای طرح‌ها و شراکت در فعالیت‌های اجتماعی و سرمایه‌گذاری اقتصادی در روستاها افزایش یافته که درنتیجه موجب بهبود میانگین ابعاد توسعه پایدار روستایی شده است.

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(2013). Leadership for Sustainable Regional Development in Rural Areas. Bridging Personal and Institutional Aspects, 21 (6), 413-424. Kilpatrick, S., & Falk, I. (2003). Learning in agriculture: Building social capital in island communities. Local Environment, 8(5), 501-513. Liu, J., Qu, H., Huang, D., Chen, G., Yue, X., Zhao, X. and Liang, Z. (2014). The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism, Tourism Management, 41(1), 190-201. Mendes, P. (2009). Teaching community development to social work students: A critical reflection. Community Development Journal, 44 (2), 248–262. National Cartographic Center of Iran. (2017). Digital maps. Popovych, A. (2018). Social Capital and Rural Development. Current Debates Tourism and Development Studies, 12, R11, Z13. Pretty, J. (1995). Regenerating agriculture: Policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance. London: Earthscan Publications; Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Bangalore: ActionAid and Vikas. Pretty, J., & Ward, H. 2001. Social capital and Environment. World Development 29 (2), 209-227. Putnam, R. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: the strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics, 28 (4), 664-683.   Putnam, R. and Goss, K. A. In Putnam R. (2002). Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York. Rex. K. (2013). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analysis. retrieved from psychology.concordia.ca/fac/kline/library/k13b.pdf Rezvani, M., & Darban Astaneh, A. (2012). Explain the factors affecting rural governance in local government (case studu: Qazvin Township). Urban Management. 28, 179-198. Saleh Nasab, Gh. (1992). The Role of Women in Agricultural Development. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension. 151, 22-27. Samuelson, P., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2007). Ekonomika [Economics]. Moscow, Russia: Binom-KnoRus, 799. Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). General census. Available at: www. amar.org Svendsen, G. (2000). Measuring social capital: The Danish cooperative dairy movement, Sociologia Ruralis, 40 (1), 72-86. Tirmizi, A. (2005). The contribution of levels of social capital to community development. Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Paper 1599, Iowa: Iowa State University. Van Voorhis, W., Carmen R., & Morgan, B.L. (2007). Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3 (2), 43-50. Warner, F. (1999). Social capital construction and the role of the local state, Rural Sociology, 64(3), 120-159. World Bank Group. (2000). “SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR DEVELOPMENT” “WHAT IS SOCIAL CAPITAL Http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/ scapital / whastc.htm. World Bank Group (2014). Community-driven development (online). Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/communitydrivendevelopment/ Accessed 2nd October 2014._||_ Azkia, M., and Firoozabadi, S.A. (2008). Investigation of Social capital in kind’s exploitation systems of land and effective factors on conversion peasant exploitation to cooperation. Social science Letter, 33(1), 97-111.   Barret, M.S. (2008). Capitalizing on community music: A case study of the manifestation of social capital in a community choir. Research studies in music education, 30 (2), 118-138. Bezzina, C. (2000). Educational leadership for twenty-first century Malta: breaking the bonds of dependency. International Jornal of Educational Management, 14 (7), 299-307. Bourdieu, P. & Wacquant, D. (1992). An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bourdieu, P. 2018. Social space and the genesis of appropriated physical space. International Journal of urban and Regional, 42 (1), 106-114. Bullen, P. (2007). Community development models and language. Available at: http:// www.mapl.com.au/ideas/. Accessed: 18th May 2015. Butler, B., Pick, D. & Dayaram, K. (2009). Social capital as the missing link in the growth process: implications for strategic orientation of businesses.  Problems and Perspectives in Management, 7 (1), 40-48. Cavaye, J. (2004). Social capital: a commentary on issues, understanding and measurement.  Available at: http://pascalobservatory.org/content/social- capital. Accessed: 6th April, 2015. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. Currie, G., & Stanley, J. (2008). Investigating links between social capital and public transport. Transport Reviews, 28 (4), 529-547. Day, Ch., GU, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: How successful school leaders use transformational and instructional strategies to make a difference. Educational Administration Quartrly, 52 (2), 221-258. Debertin, D.L. & Goetz, J.S. (2013). Social capital formation in rural, urban and suburban communities. Available at: www.uky.edu/~deberti/socsaea. Accessed: 4th May, 2016 Dhesi, A. S. (2000). Social Capital and Community Development. Community Development Journal, 35(3), 199-214. Eftekhari, A. Mahmoodi, S. Ghaffari, G. Pourtaheti, M. (2015(. The explanation of spatial pattern of social capital with respect to sustainable rural development-case: villages of Razavi Khorasan. 4(11), 87-107. Ericsson, KA. (2004), Deliberate Practice and the Acquisition and Maintenance of Expert Performance in Medicine and Related Domains. 79 (10), S70-S81. Ghaffari, M. (2011). The Basics of Regional Planning. Publication of Planning and Budget Organization, Tehran. Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. B. (2007). Tourism principles, practices, philosophies. John Wiley & Sons. Grootaert, C. (1998).  Social capital: the missing link? Social Capital Initiative  working paper series; no.3. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Horlings, I., Padt, F. (2013). Leadership for Sustainable Regional Development in Rural Areas. Bridging Personal and Institutional Aspects, 21 (6), 413-424. Kilpatrick, S., & Falk, I. (2003). Learning in agriculture: Building social capital in island communities. Local Environment, 8(5), 501-513. Liu, J., Qu, H., Huang, D., Chen, G., Yue, X., Zhao, X. and Liang, Z. (2014). The role of social capital in encouraging residents' pro-environmental behaviors in community-based ecotourism, Tourism Management, 41(1), 190-201. Mendes, P. (2009). Teaching community development to social work students: A critical reflection. Community Development Journal, 44 (2), 248–262. National Cartographic Center of Iran. (2017). Digital maps. Popovych, A. (2018). Social Capital and Rural Development. Current Debates Tourism and Development Studies, 12, R11, Z13. Pretty, J. (1995). Regenerating agriculture: Policies and practice for sustainability and self-reliance. London: Earthscan Publications; Washington, DC: National Academy Press; Bangalore: ActionAid and Vikas. Pretty, J., & Ward, H. 2001. Social capital and Environment. World Development 29 (2), 209-227. Putnam, R. (1995). Tuning in, tuning out: the strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics, 28 (4), 664-683.   Putnam, R. and Goss, K. A. In Putnam R. (2002). Democracies in Flux: The Evolution of Social Capital in Contemporary Society. Oxford University Press, Inc., New York. Rex. K. (2013). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analysis. retrieved from psychology.concordia.ca/fac/kline/library/k13b.pdf Rezvani, M., & Darban Astaneh, A. (2012). Explain the factors affecting rural governance in local government (case studu: Qazvin Township). Urban Management. 28, 179-198. Saleh Nasab, Gh. (1992). The Role of Women in Agricultural Development. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension. 151, 22-27. Samuelson, P., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2007). Ekonomika [Economics]. Moscow, Russia: Binom-KnoRus, 799. Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). General census. Available at: www. amar.org Svendsen, G. (2000). Measuring social capital: The Danish cooperative dairy movement, Sociologia Ruralis, 40 (1), 72-86. Tirmizi, A. (2005). The contribution of levels of social capital to community development. Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Paper 1599, Iowa: Iowa State University. Van Voorhis, W., Carmen R., & Morgan, B.L. (2007). Power and Rules of Thumb for Determining Sample Sizes. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3 (2), 43-50. Warner, F. (1999). Social capital construction and the role of the local state, Rural Sociology, 64(3), 120-159. World Bank Group. (2000). “SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR DEVELOPMENT” “WHAT IS SOCIAL CAPITAL Http://www.worldbank.org/poverty/ scapital / whastc.htm. World Bank Group (2014). Community-driven development (online). Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/communitydrivendevelopment/ Accessed 2nd October 2014.
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.276852.1335 اقتصاد روستایی عمقی‌شدن کاربری زمین در بهره‌برداری‌های کشاورزی روستایی؛ مؤلفه‌ها و تعیین‌کننده‌ها عمقی‌شدن کاربری زمین در بهره‌برداری‌های کشاورزی روستایی؛ مؤلفه‌ها و تعیین‌کننده‌ها امینی عباس دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 276 293 26 02 2019 25 06 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71824.html

عمقی‌سازی، به معنای افزایش بهره‌وری زمین و فزونی عملکرد در اثر کنش‌های انسانی است. باوجود چالش بالقوه ناپایداریِ کاربری زمین، عمقی‌سازی رویکرد اصلی توسعه کشاورزی و پاسخ به نیازهای فزاینده غذایی بشر و نیز سنجه‌ای برای تحلیل کارایی کشاورزی است. مطالعه حاضر به ارزیابی و تحلیل عمقی‌شدن کشت لوبیا در منطقه روستایی خرمدشت شهرستان خمین می‌پردازد. نمونه آماری، 183 بهره‌بردار لوبیاکار منطقه بوده و داده‌های موردنیاز با عملیات میدانی گردآوری شد. روایی ابزار گردآوری، محتوایی و پایایی آن با انجام مطالعه مقدماتی و آزمون‌های آماری، ارزیابی و تأیید شد. مقیاس‌سازی برای سنجش عمقی‌شدن، براساس مؤلفه‌های تخصصی شدن کشت، اندازه نسبی سطح بهره‌برداری، سطح بهره‌وری، ضریب مکانیزاسیون و فشردگی دوره آیش، با رویکرد تحلیل عاملی و ترکیب خطی وزنی نرمال انجام شد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، باوجود سطح بالای زیرکشت لوبیا در منطقه، میزان عمقی‌شدن در نزدیک به 98 درصد از بهره‌برداری‌ها کمتر از حد متوسط و تنها در بین 2/2 درصد از بهره‌برداران بیش‌ازحد متوسط بوده است. گرچه به لحاظ فنی و در مقایسه با بهره‌برداری‌های عمقی‌تر، امکان دستیابی به فشردگی بیشتر در آینده برای نظام‌های کمتر عمقی آسان‌تر است، اما عمقی‌شدن کمتر کاربری زمین لزوماً به معنی توسعه و افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد در آینده نیست. در همین رابطه، تحلیل تفاوت‌های کاربری زمین بین سطوح مختلف عمقی‌شدن در رابطه با متغیرهای مختلف نشان داد درحالی‌که عمقی‌شدن به واگرایی شدید عملکرد و راندمان اقتصادی در بین بهره‌برداری‌های منطقه موردمطالعه انجامیده، ضعف سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت کلان کشاورزی در این زمینه نیازمند درنگ و برنامه‌ریزی‌های سنجیده‌ای در آینده است.

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JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.277593.1340 مقاله پژوهشی تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی روستایی به باغ‌ویلا (مورد مطالعه: دهستان‌های کرارج و براآن جنوبی شهرستان اصفهان) تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی روستایی به باغ‌ویلا قرنی آرانی بهروز استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، بخش علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران. ایران. طارمی امان اله دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا، بخش علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. نوروزی اصغر استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، بخش علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران. ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 294 309 13 03 2019 01 07 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71825.html

در این مقاله عوامل موثر بر تغییر کاربری اراضی کشاورزی به باغ‌ویلا در دهستان‌های براآن جنوبی و کرارج شهرستان اصفهان بررسی شده است. با تکمیل پرسشنامه از 184 نمونه تصادفی از میان 426 نفر کشاورز در پنج روستای منتخب، نتایج نشان داد در میان عوامل «مکانی-فضایی» (محیطی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی) بیشترین تأثیر را عوامل محیطی (از جمله کم‌آبی) داشته است. عوامل اجتماعی (از جمله رواج ساخت خانه‌های دوم و افزایش تقاضا و رونق بازار اراضی) و اقتصادی (از جمله بالا بودن هزینه نهاده‌های کشاورزی) در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفت. بررسی عوامل «مدیریتی» نشان داد دخالت سازمان‌های دولتی در بازار کشاورزی، عامل مؤثر تغییر کاربری اراضی بوده است. از دیدگاه کارشناسان، (30 کارشناس موردبررسی) که به روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند پرسشگری شد. نتایج نشان داد در میان عوامل «مکانی - فضایی»، بیشترین تاثیر را عوامل اجتماعی و کمترین تاثیر را عوامل اقتصادی بر تغییر کاربری اراضی داشته است. در میان عوامل اجتماعی بیشترین تأثیر را خرید اراضی و ساخت خانه‌های دوم توسط شهرنشینان، در میان عوامل محیطی بیشترین تأثیر را بسته شدن آب زاینده‌رود، در میان عوامل اقتصادی بیشترین تاثیر را درآمد بالاتر کاربری‌های گردشگری، و در میان عوامل «مدیریتی» بیشترین تأثیر را ضعف نظارت و فساد اداری برخی کارکنان نهادهای دولتی داشته است. درمجموع کشاورزان برای ادامه فعالیت کشاورزی تمایل کمی نشان می‌دهند و این احتمال تقویت می‌شود که ازطریق تغییر کاربری اراضی به سمت فعالیت‌های پربازده‌تر و کم‌مشغله‌تر کشیده شوند.

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JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.266280.1289 مسکن روستایی ارزیابی تحلیلی شناسه‌های حرارتی جداره‌های خارجی ابنیه بومی روستایی اقلیم کوهپایه‌ای استان مازندران ارزیابی تحلیلی شناسه‌های حرارتی جداره‌های خارجی ابنیه بومی روستایی اقلیم کوهپایه‌ای استان مازندران مختاری فلورا دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، گروه آموزشی معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. حاتمی خانقاهی توحید استادیار گروه آموزشی معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. گسیلی بهرام استادیار گروه آموزشی معماری، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 310 327 26 09 2018 05 02 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_70090.html

هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی تحلیلی شناسه‌های حرارتی مصالح مصرف‌شده در جداره‌های خارجی خانه‌های بومی واقع در مناطق روستایی اقلیم کوهپایه‌ای استان مازندران است. لذا نمونه‌هایی به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده در پهنه موردمطالعه تعیین و جزییات 30 نمونه از جداره‌های خارجی خانه‌های بومی با قدمت 60 تا 80 سال و با مساحت زیربنای 40 تا 60 مترمربع در روستاهای محدوده پژوهش برداشت شده است. در ادامه مشخصات مصالح مصرفی در جداره‌های متداول را بر اساس استاندارد طراحی محیطی (CIBSE) و اطلاعات مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن استخراج کرده و شناسه‌های حرارتی هشت‌گانه هرکدام از جداره‌ها بر اساس لایه‌های مصرفی آن‌ها با استفاده از برنامه طراحی‌شده در محیط نرم‌افزار EXCEL محاسبه گردید. همچنین تمامی انواع جداره‌ها بر پایه هرکدام از شناسه‌های حرارتی هشت‌گانه در قالب نمودارهای میله‌ای مقایسه و درنهایت با توجه به اولویت‌بندی میزان اهمیت هرکدام از شناسه‌های حرارتی، قیاس جداره‌ها بر اساس کم‌ترین و بیش‌ترین میزان اتلاف انرژی حرارتی انجام شد. به‌عنوان نتیجه از میان انواع جداره‌های موجود، جداره خشت خام ازنظر گرمای ویژه حجمی، ضریب کاهش و زمان تأخیر، کارایی بالایی داشته و در موارد دیگر کارایی متوسطی را از خود نشان داده و درمجموع مناسب‌ترین نوع جداره از منظر موضوع این پژوهش (شناسه‌های حرارتی هشت‌گانه) است.

 آسایش حرارتی دیوارهای خارجی شناسه‌های حرارتی ابنیه بومی مازندران Abad, B., Borca-Tasciuc, D.A., Martin-Gonzales, M.S., (2017), Non-Contact Methods for Thermal Properties Measurement, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 1348-1370. Alizadeh, A., (2004), Air and Climatology, Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad. Amol city Meteorological Organization, (2017), Amol, Iran. Bahadorinezhad, M., (2003), Thermodynamics Booklet, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. CIBSE, Guide A, (1978) & (1999) & (2006), Environmental Design, The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, Yale Press, London, England. Coch, H., (1998), Bioclimatism in Vernacular Architecture, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2, 67-87. Farrokhzad, M., (2004), Thermal Comfort Index Leaflet, Ph.D. Department of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Heydarinezhad, G., (2009),Thermal Comfort, Building and Housing Research Center Publications, Tehran, Iran. Huebner, G.M., Shipworth, D.T., Gauthier, S., Witzel, C., Raynham, P., Chan, W., (2016), Saving Energy With Light? Experimental Studies Assessing The Impact of Color Temperature on Thermal Comfort, Energy Research and Social Science, 15, 45-57. Jafarpour, E., (2002), Climatology, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. Jalilian, Sh., Tahbaz, M., (2006), Climate Solutions for Rural Housing in Ardabil Province, Fifth International Conference on Optimization of Fuel Consumption in Building, Tehran, Iran. Kalbadinezhad, M., (2008), Land and Architecture of Mazandaran, Journal of Architecture and Culture, vol. 10, No. 33, pp. 82-86. Kasmaee, M., (2003), Climate & Architecture, Soil Publishing, Isfahan, Iran. Kaviani, M., Alijani, B., (2005), Weather Foundations, Samt Publishing. Kotopouleas, A., Nikolopoulou, M., (2016), Thermal Comfort Conditions on Airport Terminals: Indoor or Transition Spaces? Building and Environment, 99, 184-199. Li, H., Harvey, J., Jones, D., (2013), Multi-Dimensional Transient Temperature Simulation and Back-Calculation for Thermal Properties of Building Materials, Building and Environment, 59, 501-516. Pourdeyhimi, Sh., (1993), Unsteady Transfer Flow, Soffeh, vol. (9), Tehran, Iran. Pourdeihimi, Sh., (1993), Unstable Transmission Flow, Soffeh Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1-2, pp. 16-27. Pourdeihimi Sh., Gosili, B., (2014), A Study on the Thermal Indexes of Membranes in Building Envelope (Case study: Ardebil rural areas), housing and rural environment, Volume 34, Issue 150, pp. 53-70. Razjouian, M., (1988, 2009), Comfort by climate-friendly architecture, Shahid Beheshti University Press, Tehran, Iran. Saghafi, M., Hajizadeh, M., (2012), Investigation and Comparison of Exterior Wall Thermal Performance with Common Clay Blocks in Iran, Honar-ha-ye-Ziba, 17(1), pp.49-54. Shakoor, A., (2011), Analysis of the Role of Natural Environment in the Compatibility of Human Settlements with it “Emphasizing Application of Climate in Esfahan Rural Architecture, Iran”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 1524-1526. The AIA Research Corporation, (1978), Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes, Washington DC, USA. Tzikopoulos, A.F., Karatza, M.C., Paravantis, J.A., (2005), Modeling energy efficiency of bioclimatic buildings, Energy and buildings, 37, 529-544. www.google.com/maps, 2017_||_ Abad, B., Borca-Tasciuc, D.A., Martin-Gonzales, M.S., (2017), Non-Contact Methods for Thermal Properties Measurement, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 1348-1370. Alizadeh, A., (2004), Air and Climatology, Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad. Amol city Meteorological Organization, (2017), Amol, Iran. Bahadorinezhad, M., (2003), Thermodynamics Booklet, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. CIBSE, Guide A, (1978) & (1999) & (2006), Environmental Design, The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, Yale Press, London, England. Coch, H., (1998), Bioclimatism in Vernacular Architecture, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2, 67-87. Farrokhzad, M., (2004), Thermal Comfort Index Leaflet, Ph.D. Department of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Heydarinezhad, G., (2009),Thermal Comfort, Building and Housing Research Center Publications, Tehran, Iran. Huebner, G.M., Shipworth, D.T., Gauthier, S., Witzel, C., Raynham, P., Chan, W., (2016), Saving Energy With Light? Experimental Studies Assessing The Impact of Color Temperature on Thermal Comfort, Energy Research and Social Science, 15, 45-57. Jafarpour, E., (2002), Climatology, Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. Jalilian, Sh., Tahbaz, M., (2006), Climate Solutions for Rural Housing in Ardabil Province, Fifth International Conference on Optimization of Fuel Consumption in Building, Tehran, Iran. Kalbadinezhad, M., (2008), Land and Architecture of Mazandaran, Journal of Architecture and Culture, vol. 10, No. 33, pp. 82-86. Kasmaee, M., (2003), Climate & Architecture, Soil Publishing, Isfahan, Iran. Kaviani, M., Alijani, B., (2005), Weather Foundations, Samt Publishing. Kotopouleas, A., Nikolopoulou, M., (2016), Thermal Comfort Conditions on Airport Terminals: Indoor or Transition Spaces? Building and Environment, 99, 184-199. Li, H., Harvey, J., Jones, D., (2013), Multi-Dimensional Transient Temperature Simulation and Back-Calculation for Thermal Properties of Building Materials, Building and Environment, 59, 501-516. Pourdeyhimi, Sh., (1993), Unsteady Transfer Flow, Soffeh, vol. (9), Tehran, Iran. Pourdeihimi, Sh., (1993), Unstable Transmission Flow, Soffeh Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1-2, pp. 16-27. Pourdeihimi Sh., Gosili, B., (2014), A Study on the Thermal Indexes of Membranes in Building Envelope (Case study: Ardebil rural areas), housing and rural environment, Volume 34, Issue 150, pp. 53-70. Razjouian, M., (1988, 2009), Comfort by climate-friendly architecture, Shahid Beheshti University Press, Tehran, Iran. Saghafi, M., Hajizadeh, M., (2012), Investigation and Comparison of Exterior Wall Thermal Performance with Common Clay Blocks in Iran, Honar-ha-ye-Ziba, 17(1), pp.49-54. Shakoor, A., (2011), Analysis of the Role of Natural Environment in the Compatibility of Human Settlements with it “Emphasizing Application of Climate in Esfahan Rural Architecture, Iran”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(12), 1524-1526. The AIA Research Corporation, (1978), Regional Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes, Washington DC, USA. Tzikopoulos, A.F., Karatza, M.C., Paravantis, J.A., (2005), Modeling energy efficiency of bioclimatic buildings, Energy and buildings, 37, 529-544. www.google.com/maps, 2017
JRUR دانشگاه تهران پژوهشهای روستائی 2008-7373 دانشگاه تهران 101 10.22059/jrur.2019.278124.1343 گردشگری روستایی آسیب‌شناسی مطالعات گردشگری در فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روستایی: کاربست تحلیل محتوا آسیب‌شناسی مطالعات گردشگری در فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روستایی: کاربست تحلیل محتوا میرتقیان رودسری سیّد محمّد مدرس، گروه گردشگری، دانشکده میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری، دانشگاه مازندران، نوشهر، ایران. خراسانی محمدامین استادیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 23 08 2019 10 2 328 359 17 03 2019 08 06 2019 Copyright © 2019, دانشگاه تهران. 2019 https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_71826.html

پژوهش حاضر با هدف آسیب‌شناسی پژوهش‌های گردشگری در فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روستایی انجام پذیرفت. روش پژوهش به لحاظ ماهیت، کیفی، ازنظر هدف و نوع، کاربردی و با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای اسناد بود. جامعه ‌آماری پژوهش، مقاله‌های حوزه گردشگری در فصلنامه پژوهش‌های روستایی به تعداد 38 مورد بود که با استفاده از رویکرد تمام‌شماری تمامی مقالات در تحلیل شرکت داده شدند. برای تعیین شاخص‌های تحلیل محتوا، در ابتدا، با مطالعه پژوهش‌های پیشین، مدلی یکپارچه ارائه و سپس بر اساس آن، 38 مقاله موجود در حوزه گردشگری، ارزیابی گردید. ابعاد کلان مدل در تحلیل محتوا شامل ابعاد شناختاری، ساختاری، عملکردی و استنادی بود. روایی و پایایی از طریق روایی فهرست کنترل و پایایی مصحح تأیید گردید. از دو بسته نرم‌افزاری iMindMap9 و SPSS25 در فرآیند تحلیل استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق در غالب شناسایی آسیب‌ها و چالش‌های پژوهش‌های گردشگری در فصلنامه‌ پژوهش‌های روستایی با توجه به ابعاد مدل تحلیل محتوا گزارش شد و مبتنی بر آن‌ها، راهکارهای لازم پیشنهاد و ارائه گردید.

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