دانشگاه تهران پژوهش های روستائی 2008-7373 5 2 2014 07 23 Analysis of Inhibiting Factors in Tendency to Rural Youths to Self-Employment Case study: Rural Areas of Hamedan City تحلیل عوامل بازدارندۀ گرایش جوانان روستایی به خوداشتغالی مطالعۀ موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان همدان 263 282 52471 10.22059/jrur.2014.52471 FA سمیه لطیفی دانشجوی دکتری توسعۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز سیده سارا موسوی مطلوب کارشناس ارشد توسعۀ روستایی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه موسی اعظمی استادیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی 0000-0003-0231-2879 Journal Article 2013 01 13 Extended Abstract Introduction Today, traditional activities in rural areas are not effective to creating new job opportunities, so governments need to new strategies for creating employment in rural areas. Developing entrepreneurship and self- employment in rural areas is an important strategy for improving job opportunities in this area. In recent years, a special attention is paid to entrepreneurship and entrepreneur in different countries and most scholars believe that entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs have a considerable role in economic growth and development especially in developing countries (Rahmati & et al, 2010). Entrepreneurship plays also an important role in social development of different societies. From the economic viewpoint, entrepreneurship referred to the production factors that assists the economic growth through discovering and creating new opportunities and from social viewpoint, contributes the improvement of social situations through increasing job or employment chances (Mohapatra & et al, 2007). In rural area, entrepreneurship considered as a complimentary section in economy and job-creating activities due to response or react to the stagnancy and problems available in agricultural sector and also as a survival strategy for rural families (Petrin, 1994, Smits, 2004). Therefore, the development of entrepreneurship in rural area can act as a crucial force for the development of this area. In general, entrepreneurship is a powerful tool for identifying opportunities, acquiring benefits, and removing such problems as unemployment, the lack of dynamic human resources, low efficiency, quality reduction of products and services, and economic stagnancy (Maclin & Richard, 2004). Thus creating employment in rural area through entrepreneurship and selfemployment should be planned as a strategic policy by the planners and policy makers. Accordingly, this study was an attempt to investigate the inhibiting factors in tendency to rural youths to self-employment. Methodology Present study aimed at to investigate the inhibiting factors in tendency to rural youths to self-employment through using a surveying methodology. In this method by sampling and studying selected samples from the target community, the distribution, frequencies and the relationship between variables have been studied. In this regard, the most common method for data collection is questionnaire. The accuracy of indices and variables in the questionnaire or face validity has been confirmed by a group of experts. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pre-test process was used through filling the questionnaires by 25 rural youth and a Cronbach's Alpha test was used through SPSS software and it was 85% which shows an acceptable rate. The statistical population of this study was rural youth of the county. The samples were 184 that were calculated by the Cochran formula and the data was chosen through the Cluster sampling. In this research both descriptive and analytic methods were used. In descriptive part, to describe the variables, such statistics as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, and mean were used. In analysis section, factor analysis was used to access inhibiting factors in tendency to rural youths to self-employment. Results As mentioned later, a factor analysis method was used in order to classify factors inhibiting the self-employment among rural youth. To determine whether or not the variables are usable for factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests is usually used. In this study, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value (KMO=0.731) indicated an adequate sampling for the factor analysis and the result of Bartlett’s test of Sphericity was significant (p<0.1). In the first round of the factor analysis, six factors were extracted. These extracted factors had the highest amount of overlap (in terms of calculated variance). This means these factors can explain more than 54.84% of the total discrepancy among the variables. The first category of the factors was labeled as infrastructural factor. This factor has the greatest effect and importance in expressing variables and in general, accounts for 10.60 Percent of total variance of variables. Educational factor was expressing 9.74 Percent of total variance of variables. The third factor was the personality factor that explained 9.05 Percent of total variance of variables. The fourth factor was the economic factor that explained 8.61 Percent of total variance of variables. The fifth factor was the supportive factor that explained 8.52 Percent of total variance of variables and the sixth factor was the cultural factor. Conclusion Unemployment in rural area has become as one of the basic challenges and this problem has engaged the policymakers and all stakeholders' organizations in order to find proper solutions in this regard. In this regard, entrepreneurship is considered as one of the most important solutions that can be as an appropriate attempt to create new employments and therefore this troubleshoot must be as the highest priority in the governmental policies. In this study, the impeding factors self-employment among rural youth was analyzed. The results of this analysis showed that, six factors include infrastructure, educational, personality, economic, supportive and cultural factors were identified as the most inhibiting factors the development of selfemployment among rural youth. Thus, it is recommended that easy access to credits, granting low-interest loans to the rural youth are of priority in government policies in order to accelerate and develop entrepreneurship in rural area. امروزه توسعۀ کارآفرینی و خوداشتغالی در مناطق روستایی به نیازی جدی تبدیل شده است. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی عوامل بازدارندۀ گرایش جوانان روستایی به خوداشتغالی است، که به شیوۀ پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق را جوانان روستایی 18 تا 29 سالة ساکن در مناطق روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان همدان تشکیل می‏دهند که از مجموع آنها، براساس فرمول کوکران 184 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‏گیری خوشه‏ای چندمرحله‏ای انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه، مهم‌ترین ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در تحقیق حاضر است. روایی صوری پرسشنامه را متخصصان فن تأیید کردند و برای بررسی پایایی ابزار تحقیق، پرسشنامه در اختیار تعدادی از جوانان روستایی قرار گرفت. آلفای کرونباخ در تحقیق معادل 85/0 به‌دست آمد، که پذیرفتنی است. طبق نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، بازدارنده‌های گرایش جوانان به خوداشتغالی با استفاده از نتایج تحلیل‌عاملی در 6 عامل دسته‏بندی شدند. عامل نخست که با توجه به متغیرهای تشکیل‌دهنده عامل زیرساختی نام گرفت، با تبیین 60/10 درصد از واریانس به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل معرفی شد. این عامل همراه با عوامل آموزشی، شخصیتی، اقتصادی، حمایتی، و فرهنگی درمجموع 84/54 درصد از واریانس را تبیین کردند.

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