دانشگاه تهران پژوهش های روستائی 2008-7373 5 2 2014 07 23 Assessing the Role of Social Capital in Agricultural Land Consolidation Case study: Hesar e Valiasr County, Avaj Township ارزیابی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی کشاورزی مطالعة موردی: دهستان حصار ولی‌عصرـ‌شهرستان آوج 375 396 52476 10.22059/jrur.2014.52476 FA جمشید عینالی استادیار گروه جغرافیا، ‌دانشگاه زنجان 0000-0001-8587-8389 Journal Article 2014 01 20 Extended AbstractIntroductionFragmentation and distribution of agricultural lands is one of most importantstructural problems of the rural development process especially agriculturaldevelopment in the Iran. Consequently, the problem has lead to numerous otherserious problems such as inefficient use of modern technologies and new productionmethods, decrease in productivity, waste of soil and water resources, reduction ofincome level, insufficient of job opportunity and entrepreneurship activities and etc.which have been result in slowing the rate of rural development process. Meanwhile,land consolidation as a factor for successful development of agriculture has drawsattention of planners and policymakers in the both developed and developingcountries in the recent years. When applied as an instrument of rural development,land consolidation can improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of public andprivate investments in transportation and communication networks, utilities andirrigation systems. By facilitating renewal of communities, land consolidation canpromote social stability. Based on sustainable development approach, communityassets to improve the livelihood of the local community includes a broad range ofcapitals forms such as natural, physical, human, financial and social capitals.Therefore social capital as an intangible investment is a facilitator developmentresources management based on social relationships and the function of localnetworks in different levels of the individual and the family, group and community.  Thus, in the one hand, social capital dimensions (local network, participation, trustand social cohesion) in the field of land consolidation, can promote stability of thesocial and economic development, comprehensive planning of land management,effective rapid assessment of complex situations, develop common values, guaranteean equal distribution of resources and increase understanding of the stakeholders,and in the other hand, it paves the way for new opportunities to encourage localresidents invest in agricultural infrastructural such as water supply and transferring,packaging, trading and marketing, technical skills, communication etc that led toagricultural development. Now regarding the role of social capital in landconsolidation this study attempts to answer these questions: 1- Has social capitalhelped to land consolidation of scattered plots among small farmers in the studyregion? And what factors have the most influence in participatory land consolidationfrom the viewpoint of the beneficiaries?MethodologyThe research method of the current study in terms of the nature, rate and degree ofcontrol and method of data collection was quantitative, non-experimental and fieldresearch, respectively. The statistical population of the study consisted of 280farmers of the villages of Ardelan, Dashtak and Azanbar located in Hesar e ValiasrCounty (Avaj township- Qazvin province). To determine the sample size, based onthe Cochran formula, the 150 beneficiary was selected as a samples andquestionnaires were distributed randomly. To assess the role of social capitalindicators (cooperation and participation, social trust, local networks and groupcohesion) in land consolidation questionnaire was used. The validity of thequestionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the variables,using the preliminary questionnaire was calculated by the use of Cronbach's alphacoefficient of 0.937. For quantitative analysis of collected data statistical tests suchas one sample T test, Kruskal Wallis and Factor analysis were used.FindingTo assess the role of social capital in the farmers tendencies to make decisions  related to scattered land plot consolidation in the study area, one sample t test hasbeen used. The analysis show that, with the assumed test value of 3 (as a likerspectrum mean) there are significant differences between numerical means of socialcapital components in land consolidation from the beneficiaries' viewpoints. On theother hand, to assess the difference between the means of ranks of social capitalcomponents in sample villages, nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test was used; andthis showed that differences at the level of 95% are not significant. To assess theimportance of social capital variables in Land Consolidation from respondents'viewpoints in projects implemented in the study area, factor analysis was used. Theresult of reduction of 32 variables extracted from the questionnaire represents 6major factors that explain more than 70% of the total variance.ResultsThe results shows that social capital has had a positive effect on the success offarmers' fragmented lands consolidation projects in the study area trough theformation of local group. So that among social capital components such as trust,cooperation, social cohesion and local networks, the indicators of mutual trustbetween group members and participation and cooperation among within the groupas facilitating factors, have had the most effect on group formation and decisionmaking about land consolidation, from the viewpoints of respondents in the studyarea. The results of reduction are organized in six main factors that explain totally70.1% of the variance. Thus, among extracted factors of mutual trust betweenfarmers (with 19.39 percent), and collaboration and cooperation of group members(by 17.2 percent), and social cohesion and participatory management (with 11.56percent), which are closely related to social structure of rural regions, includeapproximately 50 percent of the total variance from perspective of beneficiarieseligible to implemented Land Consolidation projects and this indicates the effect ofsocial capital on farmers' fragmented and distributed land consolidation. یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های توسعۀ روستایی در ایران، تقطیع و پراکندگی زیاد زمین‌های کشاورزی بهره‌برداران است که مدیریت منابع تولید را با مشکلات عدیده‌ای مواجه ساخته است. بسیاری از پژوهشگران، یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی را راه‌حلی منطقی و اجرایی برای حل این معضل می‌دانند و بر نقش سازندۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی ـ شامل ساختارهای جامعه، انسجام، روابط افراد، و کارایی شبکه‌های محلی‌ـ در این فرایند تأکید می‌کنند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی بهره‌برداران در تشکیل گروه‌های خودجوش محلی و یکپارچه‌سازی زمین‌های پراکندۀ اعضا از این طریق است. روش تحقیق برای انجام این پژوهش، توصیفی‌ـ‌تحلیلی بود و به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق 280 نفر از بهره‌برداران کشاورزی در روستاهای دهستان حصار ولی‌عصر بودند که زمین‌های‌شان یکپارچه شده بود. از بین آنها با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 150 بهره‌بردار به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد و پرسش‌نامه به‌شیوۀ تصادفی ساده توزیع گردید. روایی پرسشنامه را گروهی از صاحب‌نظران تأیید کردند و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به میزان 937/0 محاسبه شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل کمّی داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل واریانس، کروسکال والیس، همبستگی پیرسنه و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان می‌دهند که میانگین عددی مؤلفه‌های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بهره‌برداران، تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر ندارد. نتیجۀ تحلیل کروسکال والیس نیز نشان می‌دهد که بهره‌برداران پروژه‌های یکپارچه‌سازی‌‌شده در سه روستای مطالعه‌شده در برخورداری از ابعاد سرمایۀ اجتماعی تفاوت معناداری با یکدیگر ندارند. نتیجۀ تحلیل عاملی نقش سرمایۀ اجتماعی در یکپارچه‌سازی اراضی در پروژه‌های اجرا‌شده نشان می‌دهد که سه عامل اعتماد متقابل بین بهره‌برداران (با 39/19 درصد)، مشارکت و همکاری اعضا (با 2/17 درصد) و انسجام اجتماعی و مدیریت اشتراکی (با 56/11 درصد) که عمدتاً با ساختار اجتماعی مناطق روستایی ارتباط نزدیکی دارند، درمجموع نزدیک به 50 درصد از کل واریانس را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند.  https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_52476_06291ee84397cf9eada3e0c7501c4ba0.pdf