Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 The New Paradigm of Neo_Endogenous Rural Development: A Thematic Analysis The New Paradigm of Neo_Endogenous Rural Development: A Thematic Analysis 208 225 96158 10.22059/jrur.2024.367453.1880 FA Ali Mokhtari Karchegani PhD Student, Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3734-6729 Morteza Tavakoli Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0009-9131-9810 Mahdi Portahari Professor, Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-6388-8823 Journal Article 2023 10 31 The endogenous rural development paradigm is one of the newest philosophical ideas that has occupied an essential part of rural studies. However, there is still no deep understanding of the different aspects of this new paradigm. This study aims to investigate the different paradigmatic aspects of Neo-Endogenous rural development. This article completes the existing narratives about the emerging paradigm in such a way that it This study has done a systematic review and thematic analysis of 47 texts using PRISMA guidelines. Examining these texts led to the identification of four main themes and 18 sub-themes. The results show that a significant part of the Endogenous endogenous rural development literature has been produced in Europe. The main focus of the studies covers the topics of structural ontology and relational epistemology, and fewer studies have dealt with ethics and process-communicative praxis. Subjective results show that the Neo_Endogenous rural development paradigm has surpassed the previous two paradigms of exogenous development and endogenous development regarding paradigmatic characteristics. The most important lesson of this paradigm is to consider the interaction between local actors, institutions, and external forces within the networks in forming rural development policies, which can give us a deeper understanding of the rural development process. However, applying this new paradigm requires careful examination of each rural area's unique characteristics and dynamics. The endogenous rural development paradigm is one of the newest philosophical ideas that has occupied an essential part of rural studies. However, there is still no deep understanding of the different aspects of this new paradigm. This study aims to investigate the different paradigmatic aspects of Neo-Endogenous rural development. This article completes the existing narratives about the emerging paradigm in such a way that it This study has done a systematic review and thematic analysis of 47 texts using PRISMA guidelines. Examining these texts led to the identification of four main themes and 18 sub-themes. The results show that a significant part of the Endogenous endogenous rural development literature has been produced in Europe. The main focus of the studies covers the topics of structural ontology and relational epistemology, and fewer studies have dealt with ethics and process-communicative praxis. Subjective results show that the Neo_Endogenous rural development paradigm has surpassed the previous two paradigms of exogenous development and endogenous development regarding paradigmatic characteristics. The most important lesson of this paradigm is to consider the interaction between local actors, institutions, and external forces within the networks in forming rural development policies, which can give us a deeper understanding of the rural development process. However, applying this new paradigm requires careful examination of each rural area's unique characteristics and dynamics. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96158_9c497b5864a0b3cd48eea938bcc4ac87.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Indigenous Knowledge and Rural Development: Origins And Challenges Indigenous Knowledge and Rural Development: Origins And Challenges 226 239 96604 10.22059/jrur.2024.367417.1879 FA Ali Shakoori Associate professor, Department of Social Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-7580-9360 Journal Article 2023 10 30 In recent decades, with the paradigm shift in development literature with an inward-looking epistemological orientation, theorists have proposed indigenous knowledge as an effective alternative for rural development. This article evaluates the alternative capacity of this approach. Having examined the origins of this approach, it is believed that the superficial emphasis on it is a kind of pseudo-epistemic extremism and is a source of controversy. Two significant factors are responsible: the not-so-successful experience of development programs with an authoritarian technocratic nature and the emergence of critical discourses such as postmodernism and postcolonialism. The article argues that this belief has caused a kind of radical stance (for and against) towards two knowledges (indigenous and scientific), which is rooted in Cartesian dualism. This has, in practice, led to exaggerated polar stances: abstractionism from realities. The article concludes that despite the advantages proposed for Indigenous knowledge, this knowledge is susceptible to various challenges such as romanticization, neglecting distinctiveness and power relations, focusing merely on experiences and skills, specificity, as well as dependence on geographies and settings, etc. Considering the high hegemonic power of new/official science to create a cognitive balance, the article recommends practical measures, including promoting awareness of indigenous knowledge as a form of decolonization education to develop sustainable political collective actions to confront the process of power and domination. In recent decades, with the paradigm shift in development literature with an inward-looking epistemological orientation, theorists have proposed indigenous knowledge as an effective alternative for rural development. This article evaluates the alternative capacity of this approach. Having examined the origins of this approach, it is believed that the superficial emphasis on it is a kind of pseudo-epistemic extremism and is a source of controversy. Two significant factors are responsible: the not-so-successful experience of development programs with an authoritarian technocratic nature and the emergence of critical discourses such as postmodernism and postcolonialism. The article argues that this belief has caused a kind of radical stance (for and against) towards two knowledges (indigenous and scientific), which is rooted in Cartesian dualism. This has, in practice, led to exaggerated polar stances: abstractionism from realities. The article concludes that despite the advantages proposed for Indigenous knowledge, this knowledge is susceptible to various challenges such as romanticization, neglecting distinctiveness and power relations, focusing merely on experiences and skills, specificity, as well as dependence on geographies and settings, etc. Considering the high hegemonic power of new/official science to create a cognitive balance, the article recommends practical measures, including promoting awareness of indigenous knowledge as a form of decolonization education to develop sustainable political collective actions to confront the process of power and domination. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96604_759ba0c9f2099627f2b76dda79b8bd54.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Presenting a Model for Simulating Rural Tourism Development Determinants (Case Study: Deh-e Bala Villages, Taft County, Iran) Presenting a Model for Simulating Rural Tourism Development Determinants (Case Study: Deh-e Bala Villages, Taft County, Iran) 240 259 95049 10.22059/jrur.2023.365392.1871 FA Hossein Rahimi Klour Associate Professor, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0001-9166-1370 Seyed Ali Naghavi PhD Student, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 0000-0003-2170-6371 Journal Article 2023 09 15 The ideal development of the rural tourism industry requires an extensive knowledge of its key determinants and the associated issues. Against this background, this study was to present a model for simulating rural tourism development (RTD) in Deh-e Bala villages, Taft County, Yazd, Iran, given the major determinants. Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach, this applied study implemented a descriptive-analytical design. The statistical population in the qualitative part comprised university professors and tourism managers, but only university professors were recruited in the quantitative part. Snowball sampling was also practiced to reach theoretical saturation in the qualitative part, while purposive sampling was performed in the quantitative one. The data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, thematic analysis was completed to identify the RTD determinants, which were then prioritized via the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). At last, the RTD model was simulated in the quantitative part through agent-based modeling (ABM). The data analysis was done using the MAXQDA 20 software in the qualitative part and the Microsoft Excel and AnyLogic software packages in the quantitative one, contributing to the emergence of 44 primary codes, ten sub-themes, and four main themes (i.e., managerial, infrastructural, economic, and social factors). In this context, the managerial factor was labeled the most effective one. Moreover, the simulation output revealed that the RTD rate in Deh-e Bala villages, Taft County, Yazd, Iran, was over 95%. Along with the study results, tourism managers are suggested to dedicate much more attention to the key determinants and their leading roles in RTD. The ideal development of the rural tourism industry requires an extensive knowledge of its key determinants and the associated issues. Against this background, this study was to present a model for simulating rural tourism development (RTD) in Deh-e Bala villages, Taft County, Yazd, Iran, given the major determinants. Utilizing a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach, this applied study implemented a descriptive-analytical design. The statistical population in the qualitative part comprised university professors and tourism managers, but only university professors were recruited in the quantitative part. Snowball sampling was also practiced to reach theoretical saturation in the qualitative part, while purposive sampling was performed in the quantitative one. The data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative part, thematic analysis was completed to identify the RTD determinants, which were then prioritized via the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). At last, the RTD model was simulated in the quantitative part through agent-based modeling (ABM). The data analysis was done using the MAXQDA 20 software in the qualitative part and the Microsoft Excel and AnyLogic software packages in the quantitative one, contributing to the emergence of 44 primary codes, ten sub-themes, and four main themes (i.e., managerial, infrastructural, economic, and social factors). In this context, the managerial factor was labeled the most effective one. Moreover, the simulation output revealed that the RTD rate in Deh-e Bala villages, Taft County, Yazd, Iran, was over 95%. Along with the study results, tourism managers are suggested to dedicate much more attention to the key determinants and their leading roles in RTD. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_95049_37704096216af2efe0ef71a921800c77.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Analyzing the Impact of Tourism Development on the Reconstruction of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Torghabeh-Shandiz City) Analyzing the Impact of Tourism Development on the Reconstruction of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Torghabeh-Shandiz City) 260 281 96126 10.22059/jrur.2024.366442.1873 FA Soodabeh Ahmadi PhD Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 0009-0009-8413-9862 Tahereh Sadeghloo Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-5046-5891 Hamid Shayan Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0001-6176-7641 Journal Article 2023 10 09 Today, rural tourism plays an important role in rural socio-economic development. This role has brought structural transformation of many villages, which can be mentioned as one of the causes of rural reconstruction. The present study aims to analyze the role of tourism in the reconstruction of rural areas and its dimensions and consequences in the studied villages. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of execution method. In this study, first, the touristic villages were identified and 14 villages were selected from among them, and then 277 households were determined as the sample size using Cochran's formula with an error of 0.06% and studied by simple non-random sampling. The findings obtained from the analysis of the structural equation model show that the growth and development of tourism has a significant positive effect on all the studied components, except for the two components of reconstruction of environmental thought and reconstruction of the agricultural system, And it has a significant negative effect on the reconstruction component of environmental effects. The results of the correlation test indicate the existence of a significant and direct relationship between the variable of tourism development and its effects on the reconstruction of rural areas. Also, the growth and development of tourism has the greatest impact on the transformation of the communication situation from the physical dimension. Based on the results of the research, the improvement of planned tourism development can largely provide the basis for the favorable and useful reconstruction of rural areas and reduce its negative effects on these ecosystems. Today, rural tourism plays an important role in rural socio-economic development. This role has brought structural transformation of many villages, which can be mentioned as one of the causes of rural reconstruction. The present study aims to analyze the role of tourism in the reconstruction of rural areas and its dimensions and consequences in the studied villages. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of execution method. In this study, first, the touristic villages were identified and 14 villages were selected from among them, and then 277 households were determined as the sample size using Cochran's formula with an error of 0.06% and studied by simple non-random sampling. The findings obtained from the analysis of the structural equation model show that the growth and development of tourism has a significant positive effect on all the studied components, except for the two components of reconstruction of environmental thought and reconstruction of the agricultural system, And it has a significant negative effect on the reconstruction component of environmental effects. The results of the correlation test indicate the existence of a significant and direct relationship between the variable of tourism development and its effects on the reconstruction of rural areas. Also, the growth and development of tourism has the greatest impact on the transformation of the communication situation from the physical dimension. Based on the results of the research, the improvement of planned tourism development can largely provide the basis for the favorable and useful reconstruction of rural areas and reduce its negative effects on these ecosystems. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96126_a9c1c905f56c0ab0fbfb49ccd6a9e9fe.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Future research into rural destinations is a critical element of the sustainable development of rural tourism in Yazd province (Case Study: Saryazd village) Future research into rural destinations is a critical element of the sustainable development of rural tourism in Yazd province (Case Study: Saryazd village) 282 297 95808 10.22059/jrur.2024.360580.1843 FA Hamid Zargham Associate Professor, Tourism Management Department, Faculty of Management & Accounting, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-6624-5268 MohammadReza Asadi Zarch PhD Candidate, Tourism Management Department, Faculty of Management & Accounting, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-7879-3002 Journal Article 2023 06 11 This research aims to provide guidelines for the sustainable development of rural tourism by using the future study of target villages for tourism in central Iran, which was carried out with a case study of Saryazd, the target village for tourism in the province of Yazd. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The research's statistical sample comprises ten experts with more than ten years of related experience selected by non-random snowball sampling. Data were collected through media scanning, written and digital sources, interviews, and questionnaires and were analyzed using MAXQDA software and quantitative content analysis techniques. The research method is based on the TAIDA technique, which will be used in future research and scenario development. The research findings showed that the most crucial strategy at the management level is creating a destination management/marketing organization (DMO) and developing a destination management plan (DMP). At the activity level, the training of the local community and their preparation for participation in rural tourism activities by experts and the creation of facilities by the public sector, such as tax exemption incentives for investors to invest in the village and rural tourism. At the task level, changing the water consumption pattern and familiarizing all stakeholders with new methods of water consumption and modern irrigation techniques are suggested guidelines to reach the desired future scenario. This research aims to provide guidelines for the sustainable development of rural tourism by using the future study of target villages for tourism in central Iran, which was carried out with a case study of Saryazd, the target village for tourism in the province of Yazd. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The research's statistical sample comprises ten experts with more than ten years of related experience selected by non-random snowball sampling. Data were collected through media scanning, written and digital sources, interviews, and questionnaires and were analyzed using MAXQDA software and quantitative content analysis techniques. The research method is based on the TAIDA technique, which will be used in future research and scenario development. The research findings showed that the most crucial strategy at the management level is creating a destination management/marketing organization (DMO) and developing a destination management plan (DMP). At the activity level, the training of the local community and their preparation for participation in rural tourism activities by experts and the creation of facilities by the public sector, such as tax exemption incentives for investors to invest in the village and rural tourism. At the task level, changing the water consumption pattern and familiarizing all stakeholders with new methods of water consumption and modern irrigation techniques are suggested guidelines to reach the desired future scenario. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_95808_f80227ec7bebea04c67b4736144a16cf.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Needs Assessment and Prioritization of the Needs of Local Communities with a Rural Participatory Appraisal Approach (Case Study: Malekshahi County, Ilam) Needs Assessment and Prioritization of the Needs of Local Communities with a Rural Participatory Appraisal Approach (Case Study: Malekshahi County, Ilam) 298 315 96156 10.22059/jrur.2024.344068.1849 FA Hossein Heidari Assistant Profesor, Department of Sociology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-3763-2429 Ahmad Shakiba Instructor, Department of Economy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8003-6625 Javad Maddahi Assistant Profesor, Department of Family Studies, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-4011-5841 Saeed Kabiri Assistant Profesor, Department of Sociology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-5022-887X Esmaeil Jahani Dolatabad Associate Profesor, Department of History and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. 0000-0001-8983-448X Journal Article 2023 06 19 One of the main goals of rural development programs is to empower rural communities and solve the problems of these communities through the facilities and capacities of the local community. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the needs of the villages of Malekshahi City from the point of view of the local community. The field of study includes all 27 villages in Malekshahi. Qualitative research methods and participatory needs assessment and techniques are used in focus group meetings. It has been tried to identify and prioritize their basic needs from the point of view of the local community by holding focus group meetings of at least five people and involving different groups and strata of the residents of the villages. The findings showed that the four needs of mobile phone coverage and mobile internet, work and employment, provision of quality drinking water and water piping, and the creation of educational infrastructure for children's education are the most important needs of the villages of Malekshahi city from the point of view of the local community. The results showed that the needs of the local communities are more infrastructural and directed to the government institutions. The root of this issue can be traced to the centralization of the country's political administration, the weakening of the traditional social hierarchy, and the small contribution of local stakeholders in local management. One of the main goals of rural development programs is to empower rural communities and solve the problems of these communities through the facilities and capacities of the local community. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the needs of the villages of Malekshahi City from the point of view of the local community. The field of study includes all 27 villages in Malekshahi. Qualitative research methods and participatory needs assessment and techniques are used in focus group meetings. It has been tried to identify and prioritize their basic needs from the point of view of the local community by holding focus group meetings of at least five people and involving different groups and strata of the residents of the villages. The findings showed that the four needs of mobile phone coverage and mobile internet, work and employment, provision of quality drinking water and water piping, and the creation of educational infrastructure for children's education are the most important needs of the villages of Malekshahi city from the point of view of the local community. The results showed that the needs of the local communities are more infrastructural and directed to the government institutions. The root of this issue can be traced to the centralization of the country's political administration, the weakening of the traditional social hierarchy, and the small contribution of local stakeholders in local management. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96156_62aa6489f1e4da31aac8cb6c2edfba6c.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Economic and Social Determinants of Food Insecurity among Farmers in the Rural Region (Case Study Khir Village of Estahban County) Economic and Social Determinants of Food Insecurity among Farmers in the Rural Region (Case Study Khir Village of Estahban County) 316 333 96155 10.22059/jrur.2024.364623.1869 FA Fatemeh Ardali PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Hassan Tarazkar Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 0000-0001-9585-4460 Journal Article 2023 08 30 Food security is one of the most essential rural development concerns. The present study investigated the food insecurity of rural farmer households in Khir village, located in Estahban County in southern Bakhtegan Lake, using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) index. Then, the determinants of food insecurity in the studied households were determined using the ordered Probit estimation method. Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 350 farmer operators was determined, and the required data and information were collected by completing a questionnaire and face-to-face interview in 2022. The results showed that food insecurity varies significantly from one household to another and from one village to another village. Also, the results showed that the prevalence rate of severe food insecurity in the Khanehket and Qeshamqavi villages is greater (35.84%) than in other villages. Laikhormi village has the best food security (100% food security). Based on the results obtained from the ordered Probit method, age, number of family members, education, access to information, saving, bank loan, and off-farm income significantly reduce household-level food insecurity in the study area. On the other hand, the subsidy has no significant effect on food insecurity in the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to review the method of paying direct subsidies. Food security is one of the most essential rural development concerns. The present study investigated the food insecurity of rural farmer households in Khir village, located in Estahban County in southern Bakhtegan Lake, using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) index. Then, the determinants of food insecurity in the studied households were determined using the ordered Probit estimation method. Based on the Cochran formula, a sample of 350 farmer operators was determined, and the required data and information were collected by completing a questionnaire and face-to-face interview in 2022. The results showed that food insecurity varies significantly from one household to another and from one village to another village. Also, the results showed that the prevalence rate of severe food insecurity in the Khanehket and Qeshamqavi villages is greater (35.84%) than in other villages. Laikhormi village has the best food security (100% food security). Based on the results obtained from the ordered Probit method, age, number of family members, education, access to information, saving, bank loan, and off-farm income significantly reduce household-level food insecurity in the study area. On the other hand, the subsidy has no significant effect on food insecurity in the study area. Therefore, it is necessary to review the method of paying direct subsidies. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96155_6fb8d4007579489867172f7297f48171.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 The Attitude of Local Communities Towards Socio-Economic Effectiveness and Participation in Restoration Actions of Lake Urmia The Attitude of Local Communities Towards Socio-Economic Effectiveness and Participation in Restoration Actions of Lake Urmia 334 349 95048 10.22059/jrur.2023.365099.1870 FA Yunus Alaei MSc., Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 0009-0006-4240-7193 مفیدی چلان Mofidi-Chelan Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran. 0000-0002-9234-6863 Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran. 0000-0003-2281-0357 Journal Article 2023 09 09 In line with the evaluation and monitoring of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the socio-economic effectiveness of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters and measuring the participation of local communities on the shores of Lake Urmia. In the current research, according to the nature of the subject and research objectives, qualitative survey research method was used. In order to carry out this research, three types of restoration actions were selected, including planting with Atriplex species in Azarshahr city, planting and with Tamarix, Nitraria and Atriplex species in Shabestar city, and constructing a non-living windbreak using Tamarix species in Ajabshir city. local communities are most willing to participate in the implementation of new irrigation systems in order to save water consumption, agriculture with less water demand, and participation in planning and formulation of revitalization plans with average scores of 3.41, 3.19 and 2.93 respectively. According to the results, from the point of view of the local communities, the actions of the restoration headquarters have a significant difference in terms of economic effectiveness, and the economic effects of constructing a non-living windbreak have been greater than the other two methods. It seems that we can hope for positive results of the actions of the restoration headquarters if the appropriateness of restoration measures is observed with the ecological conditions of the region and the participation of local communities.  In line with the evaluation and monitoring of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the socio-economic effectiveness of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters and measuring the participation of local communities on the shores of Lake Urmia. In the current research, according to the nature of the subject and research objectives, qualitative survey research method was used. In order to carry out this research, three types of restoration actions were selected, including planting with Atriplex species in Azarshahr city, planting and with Tamarix, Nitraria and Atriplex species in Shabestar city, and constructing a non-living windbreak using Tamarix species in Ajabshir city. local communities are most willing to participate in the implementation of new irrigation systems in order to save water consumption, agriculture with less water demand, and participation in planning and formulation of revitalization plans with average scores of 3.41, 3.19 and 2.93 respectively. According to the results, from the point of view of the local communities, the actions of the restoration headquarters have a significant difference in terms of economic effectiveness, and the economic effects of constructing a non-living windbreak have been greater than the other two methods. It seems that we can hope for positive results of the actions of the restoration headquarters if the appropriateness of restoration measures is observed with the ecological conditions of the region and the participation of local communities.  https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_95048_53efc33fefc05978b187e47b37df6c2a.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Spatial Planning of Tourism Development in Rural Areas of Markazi Province Spatial Planning of Tourism Development in Rural Areas of Markazi Province 350 363 96154 10.22059/jrur.2024.370256.1902 FA Razieh Nouri PhD Student, Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 0000-0001-7282-0794 Abbas Amini Associate Professor, Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. 0000-0001-7282-0794 Journal Article 2024 01 03 Planning for sustainability of rural tourism requires basic spatial studies. So far, more than 30 villages in the Markazi province have been targeted as key villages of rural tourism, which are not necessarily all susceptible to sustainable tourism development, nor are such capabilities limited to this number. This research, as a basic spatial study in rural tourism planning and policy-making, has focused on 130 tourism-related villages across the province. The needed data were gathered primarily by self-designing a comprehensive worksheet, including the location of villages, structural and human prerequisites of tourism, types of attractions and exploitable tangible and intangible heritage, job opportunities, products and events, and drivers and obstacles of rural tourism development. Considering the three principal components of "heritage and tourist attractions," "tourism infrastructure and facilities," and "tourism employment and entrepreneurship" as necessary prerequisites and desirable outcomes, four distinct groups were identified for strategic planning of rural tourism. Only ten villages were prone to sustainability in tourism development with a simultaneous favorable situation in all triple dimensions. On the other hand, tourism was found to be an inappropriate option for 22 villages, lacking strategic priority in 48 other villages. More importantly, 50 villages with the ability and priority to realize the development and sustainability of tourism were also identified and introduced in three distinct subgroups with different strategic requirements in policy making and planning. Planning for sustainability of rural tourism requires basic spatial studies. So far, more than 30 villages in the Markazi province have been targeted as key villages of rural tourism, which are not necessarily all susceptible to sustainable tourism development, nor are such capabilities limited to this number. This research, as a basic spatial study in rural tourism planning and policy-making, has focused on 130 tourism-related villages across the province. The needed data were gathered primarily by self-designing a comprehensive worksheet, including the location of villages, structural and human prerequisites of tourism, types of attractions and exploitable tangible and intangible heritage, job opportunities, products and events, and drivers and obstacles of rural tourism development. Considering the three principal components of "heritage and tourist attractions," "tourism infrastructure and facilities," and "tourism employment and entrepreneurship" as necessary prerequisites and desirable outcomes, four distinct groups were identified for strategic planning of rural tourism. Only ten villages were prone to sustainability in tourism development with a simultaneous favorable situation in all triple dimensions. On the other hand, tourism was found to be an inappropriate option for 22 villages, lacking strategic priority in 48 other villages. More importantly, 50 villages with the ability and priority to realize the development and sustainability of tourism were also identified and introduced in three distinct subgroups with different strategic requirements in policy making and planning. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96154_af56026ce315586096f1daee37409a72.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Qualitative analysis of the Rural Guidance Plan of Moqiseh Village Based on Planning Approaches Qualitative analysis of the Rural Guidance Plan of Moqiseh Village Based on Planning Approaches 364 381 96427 10.22059/jrur.2024.366757.1876 FA Motahhareh Moghiseh MA., Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0005-0325-9311 Amirhosein Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi PhD Student, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0007-3040-4339 Morteza Hadi Jaberi Moghaddam Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-8068-3168 Journal Article 2023 10 16 The village in Iran is a habitat for 30% of the population and one of the main sources of food production. Proper planning can help balance the settlement system and reduce problems in cities. In between, the Guidance Plan is responsible for the physical and functional regulation of the villages. In this research, to get to the root of the matter, philosophical views and their final products in the field of planning will be studied. These views are the philosophical perspective of positivism, which is the product of individual rational planning and interpretation and is the final product of communication planning. The Guidance Plan of Moghiseh village has various stages, from preparation to implementation. These steps include two types of planning based on the above philosophical perspectives. The report outlines these steps, which were achieved through interviews with villagers and founda-tion experts and the study of the Guidance plan's content. The conclusions show the main causes of the differences in these two types of planning, which were created because of the differences in views on the philosophical perspectives of these plan-ning approaches to humans. Accordingly, the humans who influenced the formation of this plan were categorized, and the effect of each on the plan was elaborated on. Therefore, the awareness and increase of human capital of planners and designers (first and sec-ond class activists) should be considered at least as much as the skills and sciences of planning and design in universities, organizations, etc. The village in Iran is a habitat for 30% of the population and one of the main sources of food production. Proper planning can help balance the settlement system and reduce problems in cities. In between, the Guidance Plan is responsible for the physical and functional regulation of the villages. In this research, to get to the root of the matter, philosophical views and their final products in the field of planning will be studied. These views are the philosophical perspective of positivism, which is the product of individual rational planning and interpretation and is the final product of communication planning. The Guidance Plan of Moghiseh village has various stages, from preparation to implementation. These steps include two types of planning based on the above philosophical perspectives. The report outlines these steps, which were achieved through interviews with villagers and founda-tion experts and the study of the Guidance plan's content. The conclusions show the main causes of the differences in these two types of planning, which were created because of the differences in views on the philosophical perspectives of these plan-ning approaches to humans. Accordingly, the humans who influenced the formation of this plan were categorized, and the effect of each on the plan was elaborated on. Therefore, the awareness and increase of human capital of planners and designers (first and sec-ond class activists) should be considered at least as much as the skills and sciences of planning and design in universities, organizations, etc. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96427_0cc68e7728b6ff14cb9b708fa984fa86.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Dynamic Analysis of Organizational Cohesion in the Implementation of the Development and Advancement Rural Plan (Case Study: Gachsaran County) Dynamic Analysis of Organizational Cohesion in the Implementation of the Development and Advancement Rural Plan (Case Study: Gachsaran County) 382 397 97780 10.22059/jrur.2024.377112.1950 FA Hassan Ashtari PhD Graduated, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0000-4498-8266 Mehdi Ghorbani Professor, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6891-8369 Mohammad Amin Khorasani Assistant Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-8591-8704 Sedigheh Ghafari PhD Candidate, Department of Reclamation of Arid and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Re-sources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 0009-0006-6497-3903 Journal Article 2024 05 27 A cohesive organizational structure is essential for coordinated efforts, effective resource planning, and enhanced governance outcomes. Additionally, dynamic power that enables efficient governance responses can enhance the resilience of socioal-ecological systems. This study aims to explore the organizational cohesion among stakeholders in the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations in Gachsaran County County, which serves as a pilot area for assessing effective local gov-ernance. The information exchange and cooperation among these stakeholders were analyzed using social network analysis methods, contrasting the results before and after the project's implementation. To achieve this, the betweenness centrality index at the micro level, along with the density, centralization, and average geodesic distance indices at the macro level of the network, were measured. The findings showed that before the implementation of the project, the Governorate, the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, and Technical and Vocational Training had the highest betweenness centrality, playing significant roles in controlling the flow of information and resources. After the project's implementation, the Governorate, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, and the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund were identified as the key actors with the highest betweenness centrality. The average betweenness centrality index indicated improved information flow and a more balanced distribution of key roles within the network, leading to increased efficiency and coordination among organizations. The macro-level network indices showed increased cohesion, reduced centralization, and faster information circu-lation compared to before the project's implementation. This study's approach can be applied to other regions to enhance local governance. A cohesive organizational structure is essential for coordinated efforts, effective resource planning, and enhanced governance outcomes. Additionally, dynamic power that enables efficient governance responses can enhance the resilience of socioal-ecological systems. This study aims to explore the organizational cohesion among stakeholders in the Development and Advancement Plan of Rural Constellations in Gachsaran County County, which serves as a pilot area for assessing effective local gov-ernance. The information exchange and cooperation among these stakeholders were analyzed using social network analysis methods, contrasting the results before and after the project's implementation. To achieve this, the betweenness centrality index at the micro level, along with the density, centralization, and average geodesic distance indices at the macro level of the network, were measured. The findings showed that before the implementation of the project, the Governorate, the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, and Technical and Vocational Training had the highest betweenness centrality, playing significant roles in controlling the flow of information and resources. After the project's implementation, the Governorate, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, and the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund were identified as the key actors with the highest betweenness centrality. The average betweenness centrality index indicated improved information flow and a more balanced distribution of key roles within the network, leading to increased efficiency and coordination among organizations. The macro-level network indices showed increased cohesion, reduced centralization, and faster information circu-lation compared to before the project's implementation. This study's approach can be applied to other regions to enhance local governance. https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_97780_2e81ad6ee30063b13e5769065eec15e8.pdf

Owner & Primary Publisher: University of Tehran; Journal of Rural Research 2008-7373 15 2 2024 08 22 Attitude of Local Residents Towards the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism: Identification of Opportunities and Challenges (Case Study: Villages of Alborz Province) Attitude of Local Residents Towards the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism: Identification of Opportunities and Challenges (Case Study: Villages of Alborz Province) 398 415 96428 10.22059/jrur.2024.368935.1891 FA Rahim Zare Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9046-026X Journal Article 2023 11 30 The main goal of the current research is to investigate and analyze the attitude of local residents towards the sustainable development of rural tourism to identify the opportunities and challenges of this type of tourism, which has been done with the case study of the villages of Alborz province. The research method is mixed, which uses the qualitative method of the research object in the first stage and the quantitative survey method in the second stage. The approach of the present research is sequential exploratory. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the first stage and questionnaires in the second stage. According to the research findings in the qualitative phase, the experts and informants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and finally, by aggregating 31 interviews, 134 raw propositions were extracted, which were extracted using the three-axis coding method in the form of open codes. They were classified as central and selective. Finally, among 134 raw propositions, 70 open codes, 21 core codes, and six selective codes were obtained. In the quantitative stage, analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 soft-ware. According to the quantitative findings of the obtained values, it was found that among the dimensions, the socio-cultural dimension has high values. According to the research results, the sus-tainable development of rural tourism will contribute to the qualitative development, organization, and management of rural tourism and attract investment in the tourism industry.  The main goal of the current research is to investigate and analyze the attitude of local residents towards the sustainable development of rural tourism to identify the opportunities and challenges of this type of tourism, which has been done with the case study of the villages of Alborz province. The research method is mixed, which uses the qualitative method of the research object in the first stage and the quantitative survey method in the second stage. The approach of the present research is sequential exploratory. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the first stage and questionnaires in the second stage. According to the research findings in the qualitative phase, the experts and informants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and finally, by aggregating 31 interviews, 134 raw propositions were extracted, which were extracted using the three-axis coding method in the form of open codes. They were classified as central and selective. Finally, among 134 raw propositions, 70 open codes, 21 core codes, and six selective codes were obtained. In the quantitative stage, analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 soft-ware. According to the quantitative findings of the obtained values, it was found that among the dimensions, the socio-cultural dimension has high values. According to the research results, the sus-tainable development of rural tourism will contribute to the qualitative development, organization, and management of rural tourism and attract investment in the tourism industry.  https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_96428_fd5165b98a0ab84154e46ea10b4119a1.pdf