دانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822The Study of Rural Production Cooperatives Members’ Psychological Empower in Fars Provinceبررسی توانمندی روانشناختی اعضای تعاونیهای تولید روستایی استان فارس1202509510.22059/jrur.2012.25095FAحمیدهقیصریکارشناس ارشد ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیرازمنصورشاه ولیاستاد بخش ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیرازکوروشرضایی مقدماستادیار بخش ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیرازJournal Article19700101Although farmers’ psychological empower is a core prominent for development but classic development approaches emphasis on land, capital and human forces for development. However, the new development models are focusing on every single person development in a community. This approach is followed up under theme of empowerment which is developing by doing researches in different disciplines such as medicine, organizational management and women studies. But it is undermined in rural development studies. For this reason, a research was carried out to study it among members of the Rural Production Cooperatives in Fars Province as well as to explain its effecting factors because of role of cooperatives on member’s psychological empower. To do this research Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory was considered and the following variables were used:
Competency: a self-believe on doing a job with full-skill and success with personal mastery and effort performance expectancy.
Meaning: Having a good sense about own job as a value-job which leads to job satisfaction.
Choice: An independent sense a person feels when she/he makes a decision to do a work as a part of her/his duties. Or she/he experiences freedom how to do it independently.
Impact: A person is facing with a situation where she/he can change strategies of his work so that affects her/his colleagues according to her/his own understanding.
Trust: It refers to relationship among people which depends on how a person considers her/himself as a competent, open and self-confident.
Self- Esteem: It is a psychological characteristic which causes specific attitudes toward own abilities and capacities absolutely and/or relatively.
Methodology
Fars Province is a cultivation area in southwest where there are 281000 farmers who produce different agricultural products. The Province is ranked 1 at national level in terms of many products such as wheat. Almost 23% of employment in Province is in agricultural section. So, the role of agriculture is very important for politicians from a national development perspective. It is very important to do research how to empower farmers to save the Country in terms of food production and security. A survey method and stratified random sampling was used. A hundred and fifty members and 150 non-member farmers of rural production cooperation were interviewed by questionnaire which face validity was confirmed by an expert panel and a pre-test was carried out with an alpha coefficient of 94% result for whole questionnaire.
The major goal was rural production cooperatives members’ psychological empower in Fars Province. The followings were considered as objectives:
• To compare psychological empower between members and non-member farmers,
• To compare individual, social and economical characteristics between members and non-member farmers, and
• To calculate regression between each individual, social and economical characteristic and members’ psychological empower.
Results
Study area information is shown in table 1 in belief.
Table 1: Study area information in belief.
Items Units
Farmers ‘age:
• Max. Ave. Min.
Literacy level:
Agricultural Experience:
Ave. income from:
• Agriculture activities
• Non-agriculture activities
Ave. Cultivation area:
Main Product:
Ave. membership of cooperatives:
Trained population:
Ave. educational classes participation:
Ave. general meeting participation
84, 45, 22 yrs.
9 yrs.
23 yrs.
7540$/yr.
2257$/yr.
8.23hec.
Wheat
10yrs.
33%
10 classes
9 meetings
A t-test was used to compare psychological empower between members and non-member farmers. The results are shown in table 2. The two groups are significantly different in terms of competency and trust. In other words, those farmers as member of rural cooperation in study area fell more competent and trust more in others than non-members. Generally speaking, those farmers as members of cooperation are statistically more empowered than non-members.
Table 2: Comparison of psychological empower means of two farmers groups
Variables Members Non-members T- value Sig.
Mean* Std. Error Mean Std. Error
Competency 11.35 2.10 10.87 2.01 2.02 0.044*
Meaning 12.11 1.88 11.74 2.13 1.60 0.112
Choice 10.00 2.20 9.90 2.01 2.01 0.684
Impact 11.17 2.20 10.72 2.05 1.87 0.063
Trust 10.86 2.09 9.87 2.17 4.44 0.001***
Self-Esteem 11.41 2.72 11.45 2.91. -0.11 0.914
Total 66.90 8.70 64.46 9.23 2.40 0.017*
* Range of psychological empower point is 19-95. *p? 0.05 ***p? 0.001
A step-by-step regression was carried out to find factors affecting psychological empower. According to results shown in Table 3, job satisfaction can predict 26.7 % of psychological empower among study population. In next steps, this percent increases by 42.9% when class participation, communication, and education variables are entered into regression equation. The maximum prediction of psychological empower can be calculated by 32.8% by one standard deviation in job satisfaction rate.
Table 3: A step-wise regression finding independent variables’ affects on
dependent variable.
Variables B ? T Sig. R R2 Adjusted R2
Constant. Coe. 38.683
Job satisfaction 9.92 0.328 3.887 0.001 0.524 0.275 0.267
Classes participation 0.287 0.290 3.537 0.001 0.616 0.380 0.367
Communication 0.652 0.263 3.107 0.002 0.652 0.425 0.407
Education -0.335 -0.167 -2.176 0.032 0.672 0.452 0.429
F=19.767 Sig= 0.000
Conclusion
Psychological empower is a requirement for rural development. The rural production cooperation can enable members psychologically empower. To increase farmers’ psychological empower, the rural production cooperation should encourage more local and regional communications and access to information sources and training classes participation as more as possible. Also, local potential capacities of food production, process and marketing should be considered to increase farmers’ income. Because it would leads to job-satisfaction and consequently will increase their psychological empower.با وجود ضرورت توانمندی روانی کشاورزان برای توسعه، در مطالعات توسعه روستایی چندان کاری در این زمینه انجام نشده است. به همین دلیل توانمندی اعضای تعاونیهای تولید روستایی به عنوان نقشآفرینان توسعه جوامع محلی و ملی در استان فارس از منظر توانمندی روانی و ویژگیهای مؤثر بر آن مطالعه شدند، زیرا تشکلها در این زمینه نقشی مهم دارند. بنابراین، با پیمایش و نمونهگیری تصادفی طبقهبندی شده و ابزار پرسشنامه، 150 کشاورز عضو تعاونیهای تولید روستایی و 150 کشاورز غیرعضو، مصاحبه شدند. یافتهها نشان داد که کشاورزان اعضای تعاونیهای مورد مطالعه توانمندی روانی مناسبی دارند، که با افزایش روحیه استقلال، عزت نفس، اعتماد به دیگران و شایستگیهای خود، توانمندیشان ارتقا مییابد. برخی عوامل نظیر "رضایت شغلی"، "شرکت در کلاسهای آموزشی"، "سطح ارتباطات" و "سطح تحصیلات" در میزان توانمندی مذکور تعیینکننده است.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25095_8ebc81c4b296839886789e9e022439cc.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822Factors Affecting the Use of Rural ICT Services (Case Study: Villagers of Central Division of Najaf Abad County)بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر استفاده روستاییان از خدمات فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای بخش مرکزی شهرستان نجفآباد)21492509610.22059/jrur.2012.25096FAفاطمهسورانیکارشناس ارشد توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه تهرانخلیلکلانتریاستاد مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهرانعلیاسدیدانشیار مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهرانJournal Article19700101Introduction
The rural ICT application is an attempt to supply the services of central agencies to villages, in order to achieve improved services, affordable connectivity and processing solutions (Roma Rao, 2004). ICT supports of rural poor in daily living specially in way communications while crisis, protect communication with family, recover information and business. ICT increase the capability and influence of speech and voice rural communities (Fourie, 2008).
Various studies have shown that information and communication technologies (ICT) make a significant contribution to economic growth and social development of communities. This has subsequently been the basis of the assumption that ICT investment in rural communities will result in the desired economic and social development of such communities (Moshapo and Hanrahan, 2004).
Findings of Qlynya and Salari Tabas (2009) revealed that use of computer, internet, SMS system and innovator in rural area have a positive influence on the use of these services by villagers from the office of rural ICT services. Findings of Moshapo and Hanrahan (2004) revealed that voice telephone is the most prominent and utilized service wherever access to ICT is available. The contribution of voice telephone to the development of poor rural communities is however of restricted significance .Internet services that are provided through dial-up over the telephone network infrastructure are of very low utility. Therefore, they know the development of poor rural communities requires ICT services that will attract revenue and public services to community members in the most efficient manner.
Methodology
The inquiry aims to investigate the use of ICT by the villagers to identify factors influencing the usage development of this technology in the village in order to provide the strategies of services development by ICT. The statistical society of the study consisted of 1204 literate villagers with dairy farm or agricultural job resident in Central division of Najaf Abad County. By using multi-staged proportional random sampling, 172 persons (by Cochran formula) were selected.
Results
The study showed that the mean age of respondents was 40 years, and most frequency is placed in level of age (14-24) and (36-46) years. In terms of the level of education, most frequency (40.8 percent) is related to respondent by read and write and primary school level of education. The main job was 38.8 percent farmers, 51.1 percent self-employed, 5.8 percent the state, 4.3 percent other occupations (council, villager pal, cooperative, and spiritual). 43.1 percent of respondents lacked computer skills, 22.4 percent had few, 18.4 percent had average and 16.1 percent had high skills at using computers. 58 percent of respondents lacked internet skills, 15.5 percent had few, 11.5 percent had average, and 14.9 percent had high skills at using the internet.
The results of classification respondent's attitude showed 31 percent had favorable attitude, 35 percent neutral attitude and about 34 percent had unfavorable attitude towards using of ICT services in village. The results of correlation analysis showed that the more favorable attitude respondents have had, the more ICT tools they have used. Also the result of LSD test illustrated respondents who had favorable attitude used these technology more than two groups with neutral and unfavorable attitude. Observations this section of inferential analysis confirm findings regression analysis that showed one of the most important factors affecting the use of rural ICT, is respondent's attitude towards using ICT in village. However, only 31% of respondents had a favorable attitude. Therefore, something must be done to improve the attitude of villagers towards ICT. In this regard, use local connectors and training classes of ICT applications in village can be effective.
Conclusion
Findings of prioritizing of the villagers use of ICT identified watching TV programs on how to prevent and combat common human diseases, improve individual and family health, and receive news of new agricultural and animal husbandry achieved first to third priorities. These results are consonant with study Noripour and Shahvali (2011) suggest that television was the most usage ICT tools by the villagers. In this regard, the television programs should be prepared with better quality and content in order to improve rural life and increase agricultural efficiency by the related organizations and they should be distributed on the network in each province accordance with products and local conditions of the villages.
Findings showed that people who have had more skills at working with computer and internet have used the rural ICT services more than others. Also, based on the regression results, "internet skills" is one of the most important factors effective on changing of ICT use. This matter shows the importance of internet skills of respondents in increasing use of ICT. As most respondents (58%) had no internet skills, it is necessary to increase villager's internet skills. For this purpose, relevant organizations should establish centers equipped with computer systems and high-speed internet lines and hold training classes "Acquaintance with computer and the correct use of the internet to gain access to required information" in these centers and provide the possibility of using this technology with reducing the cost of accessing to internet in rural areas.امروزه موضوع فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به ضرورتی برای سیاستگذاران و برنامهریزان و کارگزاران توسعه روستایی بدل شده است و انتظار میرود که بهکارگیری صحیح این فناوری، دستاوردهای مهمی برای پیشبرد توسعه جوامع روستایی به همراه داشته باشد. براین اساس پژوهش حاضر بر آن است که به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر استفاده روستاییان از خدمات فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بپردازد. این پژوهش بر مبنای پیمایش پرسشنامهای به انجام رسیده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تمامی روستاییان باسواد دارای شغل کشاورزی یا دامداری بخش مرکزی شهرستان نجفآباد است، که از طریق نمونهگیری چندمرحلهای با انتساب متناسب به تعداد 172 نفر رسید. برای توصیف و تحلیل دادهها از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج مقایسه میانگینها نشان داد تفاوت معنیداری بین "سطوح مختلف سواد" و "گروههای مختلف نگرشی (مطلوب، بینابین، نامطلوب)" در خصوص میزان استفاده از خدمات ICT وجود دارد. نتایج اولویتبندی میزان استفاده روستاییان از خدمات ICT نشاندهنده این است که تلویزیون، پراستفادهترین ابزار ICT نزد روستاییان است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون بیانگر آن است که متغیرهای میزان مهارت اینترنتی و میزان نگرش به کاربری خدماتICT مهمترین متغیرهای اثرگذار بر میزان استفاده از خدمات ICT هستند.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25096_67bda21359a09326b580ac6391942460.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822An Analysis of Perceptions and Insights of Rustics about the Progress in Life (Case study: Dosari Village, Jiroft Plain in Iran)تحلیل ادراکات روستاییان از پیشرفت زندگی، و ابعاد و موانع آن (مطالعه موردی: روستای دوساری دشت جیرفت)51732509710.22059/jrur.2012.25097FAعبدالرضا رکن الدینافتخاریدانشیار جغرافیا، دانشگاه تربیت مدرسسیدعلیبدریاستادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران0000-0001-7422-7281ابوذرپایداردانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهرانعلی اصغرسوادیکارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرسJournal Article19700101Introduction
The Concept of ‘development of rural life’ is neither simple nor exactly definable; but the dimensions, drivers and barriers of progress are multiple. Perceptions and motivations of people about the progress are varied, so it is a chaotic and unspecific concept. In rural studies, first of all, with considering both subjective and objective geographical, situation, one would respect perceptions and insights of rustics, because these perceptions can represent the subjective realities as well as the objective ones. Secondly, the real essential Dimensions and elements of many concepts (for example perceptions of rustics from rural, rural life, progress, etc.) cannot be explored with one of the qualitative or quantitative methods. In many researches about rural development, progressing the rural life is measured through quantitative methods. The main disadvantage of this method is that the villagers minds are not involved, and therefore they usually have a passive role. Most importantly, success in decision-making and planning for rural development depend on the fact that “the whole community must be given an active role (not a passive one) in all phases of planning. By analyzing the issues and topics related to the human and social aspects, putting the thinker human at the center of geographical analysis and recognizing the mental plans and deep perceptions of places, researchers must use both quantitative and qualitative methods, because each of them has its own capabilities and limitations. Therefore, to explain the problem of people’s lives, the appropriate mixed Methodology should be chosen, because this can reflect both personal and public Geographies Mixed methodology is useful in this respect. The aim of this research is exploring the different views and perceptions about the progress of community life in Dosari Village-Jiroft plain via a mixed Methodology. In this research, the mentioned methodology could be conceived as a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative one, because it combines mathematical procedures like factor analysis with a genuine constructivist and interpretative approach to a given concept or topic.The aim of this research is exploring the different views and perceptions about the progress of community life in Dosari Village-Jiroft plain via a mixed Methodology. In this research, the mentioned methodology could be conceived as a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative one, because it combines mathematical procedures like factor analysis with a genuine constructivist and interpretative approach to a given concept or topic.
The aim of this research is exploring the different views and perceptions about the progress of community life in Dosari Village-Jiroft plain via a mixed Methodology. In this research, the mentioned methodology could be conceived as a hybrid of qualitative and quantitative one, because it combines mathematical procedures like factor analysis with a genuine constructivist and interpretative approach to a given concept or topic.
Methodology
The methodology in this research includes the following several steps as follows: A) Definition and delimitation of an issue- the analyzing issue must be determined in all related fields; B) Exploratory interviews; C) Selecting the meaningful statements or items- the statements should be articulated in the considered language (The statements were obtained from the exploratory interviews); D) Statistical analysis: like ‘normal’ factor analysis, the statistical procedure of this research applies a principal component analysis in order to isolate common factors; and E) Interpretation: At this stage, the results of the exploratory interviews, questionnaires and interviews with experts, are placed in contact with each other. Here, researchers placed theirselves in the hermeneutical tradition that called for the constant feedback between the empirical survey, the processing and the interpretation of results. In order to perform the exploratory interviews, 25 persons (the residents of Dosary) have been selected. Also, In order to perform quantitative analysis, 70villagers were randomly selected: (2 persons were members of the village council). The Councils "as an expert," Confirm and amplify the results of interviews and questionnaires.
Results
The distinct perceptions of progress are identified as an idyllic, a progressive (regardless the structures and constraints.), a reform-oriented (progressive view accompanied by the consideration of structures), and a conservationist view. Despite the qualitative results, it was found that there is no significant difference between public perceptions and views. Therefore, it should be possible to accept each of the mentioned extracted factors in development of rural lives at Dosary. Interviews with village councils strengthened the results of prior phases and represented their true extent. According to the village- Councils, the whole perceptions of people are consisted and coincided with thoughts of experts; and the members always endeavor to sympathy with them and solve their problems.
Conclusion
The authors insured that the basic and essential needs of rustics are as follows: investment on digging for obtaining drink water wells and reconstructing water rural networks, talking with land- owners about submitting their lands for essential needs such as houses, and Hospital, school, park, etc., as well as investment in tourism and conversation of natural source in rural areas.مفهوم پیشرفت زندگی روستایی ابعاد، محرکات و موانع چندگانهای دارد. از آنجا که ادراکات و انگیزههای پیشرفت مردم متنوعاند پیشرفت زندگی نیز در نظر روستاییان مفهومی نسبی دارد. بنابراین در بررسی چنین موضوعاتی، برای اینکه هر دو جنبه جغرافیای ذهنی و عینی رعایت شود بایستی به ادراکات روستاییان رجوع کرد، زیرا ادراکات منعکسکنندة واقعیتهای عینی و ذهنی به همراه یکدیگرند. با توجه به چنین مبنای نظری، نمیتوان با یکی از روشهای کمی یا کیفی به شناسایی ابعاد و مؤلفههای واقعی ادراکات مردم دست یافت. از اینرو مقاله حاضر، ترکیبی از مصاحبه اکتشافی (روش کیفی)، و تکنیک آماری تحلیل عاملی را به کار گرفته، منتها در این نوع تحلیل عاملی به جای تأکید بر متغیرها بر افراد و دستهبندی خود جامعه نمونه تأکید ورزیده است، به گونهای که افراد در ارتباط با یکدیگر قرار داده میشوند و نه متغیرها. جامعه نمونه شامل 25 نفر از افراد باسواد روستا در مرحله نخست تحقیق و 70 نفر در مرحله دوم است. نتایج بهدستآمده از تحقیق در پایان به دست کارشناسان و مسئولان روستا کارشناسی شد. روششناسی تحقیق به گونهای انتخاب شده است که بتواند ذهن مردم و کارشناسان را درگیر کند و بهویژه به مردم عادی نقش فعال دهد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که ادراکات مردم روستای دوساری در مورد پیشرفت زندگی در 4 دسته اصلی جای میگیرند: دید شاعرانه و رمانتیک، دید پیشرفتگرایانه همراه با توجه به ساختارها (دید اصلاحگرایانه)، دید پیشرفتگرایانه بدون توجه به وجود ساختارها، و دید محافظهکارانه.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25097_764cf75a572d1c4b489049574d65fc20.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822Analysis of Vulnerability of Coastal Villages of Oman Sea to the Sand Dunes Movement (Case Study: District Lirdaf of Jask)تحلیلی بر آسیبپذیری روستاهای ساحلی دریای عمان در برابر حرکت ماسههای روان (مطالعه موردی: بخش لیردف شهرستان جاسک)75962509810.22059/jrur.2012.25098FAمحمدصبوریدانشجوی دوره دکتری برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهانسید اسکندرصیداییاستادیار گروه برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشـگاه اصفهانJournal Article19700101Introduction
Movement of sand dunes is an important natural threat in the Coast of Oman Sea. Now many rural settlements of the region are in threat, and vulnerability has caused heavy losses. The sand dunes are visible in the wide area and wind erosion occurs in a wide spatial scale. Wind erosion faces high intensity in the area, because of poor vegetation, low rainfall, dry soil, strong and continuous winds, smooth surface and low lands, low slope and the recent drought, and the moving gigantic volume of annual windy sands. Due to the severe sand storms and the recent droughts occurred in the region, the environment, region economy, people’s health, and rural life have been faced with noticeable damages and this can be effective in unfavorable condition of life environment of the South Seas. According to the studies, undertaken by the author in this field and the study of the population and the housing census, villages’ culture and regional maps, ,15 villages have been buried and discharged, on account of sand movement during the recent 30 years (1976-2006), besides, some of them are in the forced discharge. Vulnerability in this villages, is growing so continuously that the east of Jask can be considered as a critical view of wind erosion and sand dune movement in the region. The recognition and analysis of rural settlement is an important factor in contrasting of crisis of movement of sand dunes and rural development planning and can effectively help reduce losses from related fields of this phenomenon. In this study there is an attempt to identify and classify the view of vulnerability of the physical – spatial movement of sand dune in the villages of the region.
Methodology
The present study is an applied one and the methodology used to prepare this paper is composed of empirical, analytical, and descriptive methods. The statistical population in this study consists of total 55 coastal villages threatened by the movement of sand dune in Lirdaf district of Jask .The hierarchical analysis process (AHP) is used to weight factors and analyze the vulnerability of villages in the region. Data collection has been done by means of library and field studies such as observation, interviews and completing questionnaires.
Results
According to the results obtained through comparing the sub-factors and the related calculations, the climatic factors with the relative weight of 0/633 posse the highest significance coefficient and priorities on the identification of the vulnerable and at risk villages and besides, geomorphology factors with 0/26 relative weight and human factors with 0/105 relative weight are in the next priorities. According to the results obtained through comparing the sub criteria and the related calculations, the vegetation factors with 0/246 relative weight and effected facilities with the relative weight of 0/018 have, alternatively, the highest and lowest significant coefficient and priorities in the recognition of vulnerable villages. After executing the model, t the minimum number of vulnerabilities with 0/1257 and the maximum with 0/3085 was cleared. Therefore, the classification of vulnerability in the investigatory domain varies between 0/1257 and 0/3035. Thus, vulnerability is divided into three categories; these classification domains are: 1– Rural settlement with low vulnerability (0/1257 till 0/1417). 2– Rural settlement with moderate vulnerability (0/1477 till 0/1550). 3– Rural settlement with high vulnerability (0/2160 till 0/3085).
Conclusion
According to the results of prioritizing vulnerable villages with respect to the movement of sand dune with (AHP) model, we are faced with three categories: A. Rural settlement which are in the final assessment in the situation of low vulnerable (23 villages or 40 % of the total points of the study). B. Rural settlement which are in the final assessment in the moderate vulnerability situation (16 villages or 29 % of the total points of the study). Adopting contraptions in order to reach a balanced level of development in a short and medium term planning is recommended for these villages. C. Particular village settlement showing, according to the results analysis, a high degree of vulnerability (17village or 30 % of the total point of the study). As a matter of fact, all of the factors operate a systematic function to face many of rural settlements with a high risk of vulnerability; the influential factors play a much more effective role in these rural areas. Such villages are likely to face damages caused by movement of sand dune, therefore, a comprehensive management of development it is an unavoidable necessity. It seems that in some villages, there would be no remedy except undertaking studies, providing preliminaries of is necessary for displacement plans, integration, and accumulation.حرکت و پیشروی ماسههای بادی به عنوان یکی از فرآیندهای مهم حاشیه سواحل دریای عمان، سکونتگاههای روستایی منطقه را تهدید میکند و خطر عمدهای در زندگی مردم به شمار میآید. شناسایی و تحلیل آسیبپذیری سکونتگاههای روستایی در برابر بحران ناشی از هجوم ماسههای روان به منظور مقابله با آن و برنامهریزی توسعه روستایی اهمیت بسیاری دارد. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و روش بهکاررفته از نوع توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. گردآوری اطلاعات و دادههای مورد نیاز به دو روش کتابخانهای و مطالعات وسیع میدانی صورت گرفته است. مدل بهکاررفته برای وزندهی به عوامل مؤثر و بررسی آسیبپذیری روستاها، فرآیند تحلیل سلسلهمراتبی (AHP) است. نتایج بهدستآمده نشان میدهد که عوامل اقلیمی مانند کمبود پوشش گیاهی و سرعت باد بیشترین وزن و تأثیر، و عوامل انسانی همچون زمینهای کشاورزی و تأسیسات تحت تأثیر ماسههای بادی، کمترین وزن را در شناسایی روستاهای آسیبپذیر داشتهاند. تلفیق وزنهای بهدستآمده برای معیارها و زیر معیارها و امتیازهای کسبشده نشان میدهد که اکنون 17 روستا (30 درصد) در محدوده مورد مطالعه در طبقه سکونتگاههای با آسیبپذیری زیاد و 16 روستا (29 درصد) در طبقه سکونتگاههای آسیبپذیری متوسط و 22 روستا (40درصد) در طبقه سکونتگاههای با آسیبپذیری کم قرار دارند.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25098_e3b450b695e56f282c5c604532470d6b.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822The Conflict of Escaping of Youth from the Rural Areas, with Rural Development (Case Study: Dismar Gharbi Rural District Jolfa Township)تعارض روستاگریزی جوانان با روند توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان دیزمار غربی شهرستان جلفا)971172509910.22059/jrur.2012.25099FAمجتبیقدیری معصوماستاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی دانشگاه تهرانحبیبهیوسفیپژوهشگر دوره دکتری برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتیمحمداکبرپور سراسکانرودپژوهشگر دوره دکتری و عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزیاحمدخلیلیپژوهشگر دوره دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهرانJournal Article19700101Introduction
Emigration from villages to cities has been happening constantly and nowadays too, and shows the motion of rural societies. But, today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. Considering the important role of human authorities in rural development, youth has an important place not only in the regard of quantitative (number) but also, in the regard of qualitative (mental faculties, innovation, motion). Excessive attention to these issues and existing problems in urban areas because of rural -urban migration occurred, especially in our country, often the negative aspects of these migrations is the impact and its positive rural areas is often overlooked This event has made this research necessary. Migration from and to depopulating areas is related to the prospects for rural economic regeneration. The focal point is that of the migration processes give rise to the necessary human capital required for successful endogenous development is among the key life course questions that many young people must address as they grow to maturity? Social mobility increasingly presupposes geographical mobility, especially in rural areas. The migration processes affecting rural areas are important at a time when endogenous development is advocated. This ‘bottom-up’ approach requires the presence of local human capital and migration processes will either remove or introduce human capital.The migration processes affecting rural areas are important at a time when endogenous development is advocated. This ‘bottom-up’ approach requires the presence of local human capital and migration processes
Methodology
The methodology of this paper is composed of analytical and attributive methods. The statically population in current study was youth Rural District Dizamar Gharabi Jolfa Township. The authors have chosen 1067 individuals from 5012 ones based on Cochran Formula. The sample size is of 157 is (15 percent) of the population. Their sample consists of three 15-19 year old age groups (31/43 percent), 20-24 years (28.2 percent) and 25-29 years add ones (66/28 percent), In order to analyze the variables, statistical method -including correlation regression statistic by SPSS software is used.
Results
Within a given geographical area a variety of migration processes (in-, out- and return migration) will be evident, irrespective of the overall net migration or population change. With declining natural change variation in population growth rates is increasingly the product of inland out-migration processes. Most of the rural areas have limited educational opportunities. Moreover, many of the youth prefer to continue their education in an urban setting. Consequently, one of the groups of young people makes its permanent settlements outside of the home land, while another group may return to the home land after graduation. Among the important issues are rate and type of employment in the region, characteristics of the labor supply within the region, and the age structure and social cohesion within the local communities. The economic and social capital within the region and the communities are considered as success factors; young peoples are supposed to make a start in adult life and form their own identities within the home region and community. From the perspective of the young individuals, geographical mobility (migration) is related to the social one. In the life course decisions of the current generation of young people, the region and community where one is born has become less relevant than in former generations. Socially mobile young people focus on educational and employment opportunities outside their home region. Staying in their home region is just one of the various existing options. An attachment to the place where they were born is no longer decisive in the identity formation of rural young people.
Conclusion
Documentary and survey methods, along with questionnaires have been used for collecting the information a bout six villages within the Dehestan W.Dizmar in E.Azarbayjan have been introduced the statistical sample of this research. The results of this research show that most of the emigrants are youth and producer villagers. Youth have principle motives for deserting villages because of different social-economical reasons which in this; social-cultural reasons have a major role in youth's emigration .Youth's emigration causes the village to expose instability in population, lack of balance between the age and the sex of population and decrease of development indicators in village such as literacy and villagers' ageing being the most important. It also helps villages sounding UN development, if we are thinking about the survival of the rural societies and considering youth to be the future villagers, the necessary contraption for settling youth in village must be prepared.جریان مهاجرت از روستا به شهر همواره وجود داشته است و این امر حکایت از پویایی جامعه دارد. اما مهاجرت بیرویه و تخلیه روستاها از نیروی کارآمد، امروزه به یکی از نارساییهای اجتماعی- اقتصادی جامعه روستایی بدل شده است. امروزه جوانگزین بودن اغلب مهاجرتها و تشدید مهاجرت جوانان روستا به شهر و حتی هنجار شدن روستاگریزی در بین آنان نگرانکننده شده است. پرداختن به موضوع روستاگریزی جوانان با هر هدفی که باشد به نحوی اجتنابناپذیر با مسائل کشاورزی و ناگزیر با توسعه روستایی پیوند مییابد. بنابراین هدف از مقاله حاضر، پاسخ به این سؤال است که چه عواملی بر روستاگریزی جوانان با روند توسعه روستایی مؤثر هستند. جامعه آماری این پژوهش 6 روستا واقع در دهستان دیزمارغربی در شهرستان جلفای استان آذربایجان شرقی بوده است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش از نوع اسنادی و پیمایشی است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان میدهد که مهاجرت نوعی جریان انتخابکنندة روستاییان جوانتر و مولد است. جوانان به دلایل مختلف اجتماعی- اقتصادی انگیزهای قوی برای ترک روستا دارند، و البته عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی نیز نقش مهمی در روستاگریزی جوانان داشته است. روستاگریزی جوانان، روستا را در معرض ناپایداری جمعیتی، عدم تعادل سنی و جنسی جمعیت، کاهش شاخصهای توسعه در روستا- نظیر سواد- و مهمتر از همه سالخورده شدن روستاییان و کاهش نیروی کار فعال و کاهش بهرهوری قرار داده و به تعمیق توسعهنیافتگی روستاها انجامیده است.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25099_e40adfa97d991449d031dd0584a3c364.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822Evaluation of the Performance of Rural Housing Programs and Their Impacts on the Quality of Construction in Rural Areas in the Fourth Development Plan (Case Study: Hormozgan Province)ارزیابی عملکرد برنامههای مسکن روستایی و تأثیرات آن بر کیفیت ساختوساز مناطق روستایی در برنامه چهارم توسعه (مطالعه موردی: استان هرمزگان)1191512510010.22059/jrur.2012.25100FAعلیشکوریدانشیار دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهراننقیعسگریکارشناس ارشد شهرسازی، عضو هیئت علمی گروه برنامهریزی شهری و منطقهای،
پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات اجتماعی جهاد دانشگاهیJournal Article19700101Introduction
Improving the living standards of rural people has been among the major concerns of the post-revolutionary state in Iran. For this purpose, the government has made an attempt for reorganizing the pre-revolutionary rural and agricultural administration. Enhancing the quality of rural housing has been one of major programs that systematically received a notable attention in recent years for various reasons. First of all considering the quality of life as a basic need, housing and enjoying a minimum of its standards is mostly defined as a basic right for all people. Secondly, according to the different country's national censuses of population and housing, rural housing, as compared to urban areas, is more vulnerable and less sustainable, mainly due to using less or low qualified materials in constructing rural houses. Thirdly, the periodic occurrence of natural disasters, like float and earthquake, has had the most ruining effect on rural people and making them more vulnerable. The problem of poor quality of rural constructions along with the rural housing vulnerability and, make the government consider the renovation of rural housings continuously at the top agenda of its rural development policy. In fact, since the second development plan, improving the conditions of housing in rural areas has constituted a main objective of the development plans. Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution was to be the charge of various related initiatives to enhance the country's rural housing status. Since detailed report of the national Censuses of population and housing in various years had revealed a gloomy picture of rural housing for different parts of the country particularly for the province of Hormozghan, this province has been a Suitable major target for housing programs.
Despite emphasis on significant role of the programs in enhancing the status of rural housing, no scholarly systematic study has been done for clarifying the effectiveness of mentioned programs. This study attempts to fill some of the existing gaps in related fields by focusing on Hormozgan Province. In other words, it aims to probe the fact that to some extent rural housing programs have succeeded in meeting their objectives. So two aspects of program evaluation have been taken into account: effectiveness, and impacts.
Methodology
Typologically speaking, the study is about evaluation, both performance and impacts. In the part of performance, the aspect of effectiveness of programs (comparing objectives and the degree of their materialization) has been taken into account. In the part of impacts, the main emphasis has been put on the effects of the initiatives on upgrading the quality of housing construction in under consideration villages the data of the study were collected through available documents and interviewing with the local informants who were selected via random proportionate sampling method. Regarding objectives of the study, iniquity of analysis, and nature of the data, the research has been based on documentary-descriptive and survey-descriptive and quantitative method.
Results
The findings indicated that the performance of Housing Foundation with more than 230 technical inspectors has been effective and successful in meeting such objectives as granting improvement facilities, providing loan interest, free facilities for repairing ruined buildings and establishing the province's rural technical system. The findings of the field study also showed that the performance of the program, with respect to the issue of construction certificate, has been evaluated satisfactory too, mainly due to the establishment of village animator system by the interior ministry and that of rural technical system by Housing Foundation. On the basis of outcomes, following the evaluation of impacts in implementation of fivefold programs (issuing constructional certificate, determining technical inspector, training local experts, providing improvement and repairing loans) on the quality of housing construction, in general the local informants evaluated the impact of programs is satisfaction and most effectiveness levels.
Conclusion
With regard to the findings, the authors may conclude that the performance of programs from the effectiveness viewpoint (the degree of materialization of objectives) as well as the impacts of programs on quality of the constructions from the view point of using durable materials and enhancing construction methods has been successful. However, the poor performance of some parts of the program, such as training local experts, insufficient monitoring arrangements over the activities of technical inspectors, lack of coordination between technical inspectors and rural management system, insufficient familiarity of the most technical inspectors with modern methods and materials of the construction, lack of systematic plan in producing and supplying standard materials, limited use of technological possibilities and didactic means in training constructional workers and retraining technical inspectors could be noted as the main constrains for full successes of rural housing improvement and renovation programs in rural areas of Hormozghan province during the fourth national development plan.بهبود و افزایش کیفیت خانههای روستایی از مهمترین ابعاد ارتقای کیفیت زندگی روستایی و از اهداف مهم توسعه روستایی به شمار میآید. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، دولت موظف شده است بر اساس قانون برنامه چهارم و قوانین بودجهای از طریق بنیاد مسکن انقلاب اسلامی برنامه افزایش کیفیت مسکن روستایی را به انجام برساند. این برنامه مجموعهای از اقدامات در نواحی روستایی را از جمله ایجاد نظام فنی روستایی، صدور پروانه ساخت، آموزش بناهای محلی، بهسازی و نوسازی مسکن روستایی، تسهیلات قرضالحسنه مسکن روستایی و بازسازی واحدهای مسکونی آسیبدیده از حوادث قهری در بر میگیرد. غالب اقدامات به صورت برنامهریزیشده و با هدف دستیابی به اهداف کمی در مقاومسازی بناهای روستایی و افزودن بر دارایی واحدهای مسکونی بادوام در نواحی روستایی صورت گرفته است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از منابع رسمی بنیاد مسکن استان هرمزگان، میزان تحقق عملی برنامههای مذکور (اثربخشی) بررسی شده و با مطالعه پیمایشی از افراد مطلع محلی در روستاهای مرکزی استان هرمزگان میزان تأثیرات برنامههای فوق بر کیفیت ساختوساز مسکن (مصالح و روشهای صحیح ساخت) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج ارزیابی عملکرد، نشاندهندة اثربخشی خوب در زمینه صدور پروانه، نظام فنی روستایی، تسهیلات بهسازی و تعمیرات و عملکرد ضعیف در زمینه آموزش بناهای محلی بوده است. نتایج ارزیابی تأثیرات نیز نشاندهنده تاثیر خوب مجموعه برنامهها بر کیفیت ساختوساز در روستاهای مرکزی استان بوده است. بر مبنای مطالعه نیز، پیشنهادهایی بهمنظور افزایش تأثیر برنامههای مذکور در محورهایی چون آموزش کارگران و استادکاران محلی، آموزشهای عمومی، برنامههای حمایتی و مانند اینها ارائه شده است.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25100_1e344e45f8c245535a00f332b24e912a.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822The Effects of Tourism on Entrepreneurial Attitudes in Rural Areas (Case Study: Compare of Abr and Abarsej Villages- Shahrud County)تأثیر گردشگری بر تقویت نگرشهای کارآفرینانه در مناطق روستایی (مطالعه موردی: مقایسه روستاهای ابر و ابرسج - شهرستان شاهرود)1531742510110.22059/jrur.2012.25101FAمحمدرضارضوانیاستاد و عضو قطب علمی برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهرانسعیدجعفری مقدماستادیار دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهرانحمیدرحیم افکارشناس ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهرانJournal Article19700101Introduction
Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, generating. 11.1% of global GDP, nearly employing 260 million people and annual turnover about 4.5 trillion dollars. In other words, the tourism accounted for 8 percent of total global employment offers. In 80 percent countries in the world, or in more than 150 countries, the tourism is among the five most important sources of foreign exchange business, and in 60 countries, it is ranked in the first position. Given the capacity of natural and cultural tourism in villages, it can play an important role in the revitalization of the villages, creating employment and incomes for rural residents, as well as protection of natural heritage, history, and culture. Ultimately it can lead to the integrated and sustainable rural development. The creation of entrepreneurial opportunities is among the important effects of rural tourism, and analysis of entrepreneurial attitudes affected of rural tourism is a key factor in this matter. However, although the high attention has been paid to rural tourism in recent years, but there is a few researches about relation between tourism and entrepreneurial attitudes in rural areas. This is the main question of the research: Is there a significance difference between touristic villages and non-touristic ones in the study area? The Abr and Abarsej villages are the case study and located in south of eastern Elborz Mountains in Bastam District and Shahrud County. The Abr village unlikely Abarsej village is a touristic village and located near to Abr forest.
near to Abr forest.
Methodology
The present research work is a descriptive and applied one. For gathering data due to lack a tool for measuring entrepreneurial attitudes about rural tourism, authors have used a researcher-made tool as scaling entrepreneurial attitudes. According to that, the primary has been scale designed with 86 items. According to the study content and formal validity, the primary scale has been evaluated by 12 tourism and entrepreneurship experts and finally the numbers of items have been decreased to 54 items. In designed questionnaire, there are 8 questions about the opportunity discretions, 10 ones about the risks, 7 ones refer to confidence, 11 ones are about self-controlling, 10 questions about success, and at last 8 ones are about innovation in final scale. The population in this study is consists of residence individuals in the ages of 20-60 in two villages Abr and Abarsej in Shahrud County, with a diploma or higher qualification and at least three years of residency in these villages.
The answers have been classified by Likert degree scale from 1(very low) to 5 (very high), Also, the internal similarities on questions have been calculated of by Cronbach's Alpha Method with output .72 that therefore is acceptable.
To analysis of data we used some tests and methods including the K-S Test for the equality of continuous, the Levene Test about Equality of Variances between compared groups, Factor analysis for calculating the construct validity and study measurement models, one sample t-test for assessing of variables in studied sample, and finally the Multi-Variable ANOVA test for comparing the dimensions of entrepreneurial attitude in the two villages. All of analysis has been used in 95% confidence levels and by SPSS and LISREL software.
Findings
The calculated descriptive statistics on entrepreneurial attitude indicates the dimensions and levels in two villages. In Abr village, the score of identify opportunities is 3.32 ±0.76, tendency to risk 3.03±0.7, self-confidence 3.31± 0.62, self-control 3.3±0.63, seeking success 3.28±0.75 and innovation is 2.85±0.78. These figures for Abarsej village are following: 2.62±0.66, 2.43±0.52, 2.57±0.48, 2.42±0.34, 2.91±0.57 and 2.58±0.78. Also the overall level of entrepreneurial attitude in Abr and Abarsej villages has been calculated 19.44±3.06 and 15.83±1.47.
However for testing the research hypotheses on tourism effects on entrepreneurial attitude, authors have used the MANOVA indicates significance different as:
Wilks's lambda=0.467 ; F(6,95)=18.05 ; p<0.001 ; ?2=0.53.
The result indicates that the effects on tourism on opportunity reorganization, tendency to risk, self-confidence, to get success, and innovation and total level of entrepreneurial attitude are significance statistically.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that tourism via the creating opportunities for increasing the rural income is able to recognizing opportunities. Therefore it seems that tourism can increase the identity opportunities and entrepreneurial consciousness by rural people. This means that rural people starting business by tourism opportunities. However the research findings indicates that tourism activities increased the total level of entrepreneurial attitude in Abr village and therefore the tourism can be as an effectives tools to develop of entrepreneurial activities in rural regions.از نخستین آثار گردشگری روستایی، ایجاد فرصتهای کارآفرینانه در محیط روستاهاست. تأثیرپذیری نگرش کارآفرینانه از گردشگری روستایی از مهمترین مزایای گردشگری روستایی قلمداد میشود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی و تأثیر گردشگری بر نگرشهای کارآفرینانه در مناطق روستایی انجام شده که از لحاظ ماهیت و روش، توصیفی پیمایشی است و از نظر هدف در گروه پژوهشهای کاربردی جای میگیرد. جامعه آماری تحقیق، روستاییان (20 تا 60 ساله) ساکن در دو روستای ابر و ابرسج شهرستان شاهرود، و دارای تحصیلات دیپلم و بالاتر بودند، که دستکم 3 سال سابقه سکونت در روستای موردنظر داشتند. برای گردآوری دادهها با توجه به وجود نداشتن ابزاری برای اندازه-گیری نگرش کارآفرینانه در زمینه گردشگری روستایی، از پرسشنامه محققساخته با عنوان مقیاس نگرش کارآفرینانه (EAS) استفاده شد که اعتبار صوری و محتوایی آن در مشورت با خبرگان دانشگاهی و گردشگری و پایایی آن با آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. برای تحلیل دادهها از آزمونهای K-S، آزمون لوین، تحلیل عاملی تأییدی، آزمون t، تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره و آزمونهای تعقیبی تحلیل واریانس یکسویه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که گردشگری روستایی میزان اعتماد به نفس، موفقیتطلبی، تمایل به مخاطره، نوآوری، کنترل شخصی و تشخیص فرصت و در مجموع سطح کلی نگرش کارآفرینانه را به طور معنیداری افزایش داده است و میتواند به عنوان محرکی برای فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه در مناطق روستایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25101_c5ef18256e3126c5636b5854c07f7f25.pdfدانشگاه تهرانپژوهش های روستائی2008-737331020120822Modelling the Factors of Success in Rural Administration(Case Study: Baladarband, Kermanshah Province, Iran)ارائه الگویی به منظور شناسایی عوامل بسترساز موفقیت دهیاریها (مطالعه موردی: دهیاریهای دهستان بالادربند شهرستان کرمانشاه)1752022510210.22059/jrur.2012.25102FAخدیجهمرادیدانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاهعبدالحمیدپاپ زندانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، و عضو مرکز پژوهشی تحقیقات توسعه اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاهJournal Article19700101Introduction
Local institutions in Iran are known as local administrators. These indigenous self-help groups have been around since 1998 with the Act of Establishing Self-sufficient Local Administrators across the country. According to the latest statistics, the rank of Kermanshah province is second in the Positions of local institutions across the country. Interestingly, Khorasane-Razavi holds the largest number of local institutions in the country. There are several activities set for local administrators by government body. For example, different domains of activities may range from social and economical issues to the cultural and environmental ones; but it may even go beyond these activities. Currently local administrators are held accountable for so- called “Hadi Project” (Directing Plan). This project that started a few years ago is a type of rural planning that aims to improve the overall view of villages across Iran. Villages that have undergone Hadi Planning are physically attractive and environmentally safe. This participatory project is coordinated by local administration and it is the responsibility of local administrative to see that the project is well underway and that rural villagers are involved in every step of the project. Local administrations are involved in local services too. Rural sanitations, sewage systems, water, electricity, gas, and many more services but a few are on the shoulders of these people-centered institutions. Although local administrations have been active during the past 8 years in Kermanshah province, little attention has been paid to made to the diverse activities played by these indigenous groups. Moreover, limited existing researches reveal determinants of success among local administrations in Kermanshah province. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study has been determining different activities that local administrations are engaged in, and finally analyze the factors of success as perceived by local administrative.
Methodology
The nature of this study required a different approach to research methodology. Thus in order to gain a deep insight and collect rich primary data sources, a qualitative method deemed appropriate for this study. A grounded theory approach as proposed by Strauss and Corbin has been used to collect and analyze data. The unit of analysis is included 12 local administrators in Baladarband region in Kermanshah Township. Data was collected by using semi-structured and several focus group interviews. A three step process as recommended by Strauss and Corbin has been used to analyze data in grounded theory approach. Open coding as well as the axial and selective ones have bee used as the basis in data analysis. Through the open coding 50 concepts emerged from the data. These concepts were then summarized and reduced in the number of categories and core category has been identified in the course of axial coding. Finally, the conceptual model has been formed by selective coding.
Results
Results revealed that the main activities played by local administrators were implementation of Hadi Project and public services as requested by local villagers. This, in turn, made local administrators to focus less on environmental activities and there fore remains a gap among different important duties. Moreover, selective coding showed that local administrators believed that one’s success is dependent on: local good governance, job satisfaction, personal and professional characteristics of local administrators, access to the physical resources as well as financial ones. According to the results, good local governance has been the most important factor of success in of rural administration (the core category). This category consisted of the following sub-categories: participation of local and governmental institutions and rural people with local administrators, their adequate and transparent information, and local administrators' responsiveness and legitimacy. Therefore, the final conceptual model derived from this study consisted of job satisfaction, personal and professional characteristics of local administrators, and access to physical and financial resources.
Conclusion
The results of this study had implications for agricultural and rural development policy-makers in Kermasnshah province. First, rural development practitioners need to be aware of several diverse activities in which local administrators are involved. This would help rural development practitioners to develop a mindset that in order to effectiveness of local administrative to more physical and monetary assistances are required. Second, if policy-makers at national level are interested to develop these local institutions across the country, they need to be provided with more jurisdictions and autonomy. In other words, local administrators can only be effective if they feel more secured in their job and provided with more support in terms of effective local good governance. Finally, it is recommended that future study use a mixed method approach, so that all dimensions of local administrators are taken into account.دهیاریها از نهادهای محلی مدیریت روستایی هستند که از سال 1377 با تصویب قانون "تأسیس دهیاریهای خودکفا در روستاهای کشور" تأسیس شدند. بر مبنای آمار موجود، استان کرمانشاه از نظر تعداد دهیاریها، پس از استان خراسان رضوی، رتبه دوم کشور را به خود اختصاص داده است. این در حالی است که با گذشت 8 سال از شکلگیری این نهاد جدید مدیریتی در روستاهای استان، تا کنون مطالعهای در زمینه بررسی فعالیت دهیاریها و عوامل بسترساز موفقیت این نهاد انجام نشده است. هدف از انجام تحقیق کیفی حاضر که با بهرهگیری از روش تئوری بنیانی صورت گرفته، آن است که ضمن بررسی فعالیت دهیاریهای دهستان بالادربند شهرستان کرمانشاه، عوامل بسترساز موفقیت این نهاد را از دیدگاه دهیاران شناسایی کند. جامعة مورد مطالعه، دهیاران دهستان بالادربند بودند که 12 نفر آنان به روش نمونهگیری هدفمند مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. دادههای پژوهش با بهرهگیری از تکنیک مصاحبه عمیق و گروههای متمرکز جمعآوری و در قالب سه مرحلة کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل گردید. یافتههای پژوهش نشان داد که بخش عمده فعالیت دهیاران مورد مطالعه، در زمینه اجرای طرح هادی روستایی و برنامههای خدمات عمومی بوده است و دهیاران مواردی نظیر حکمروایی محلی مطلوب، رضایت شغلی و ویژگیهای فردی ـ حرفهای دهیار، تأمین امکانات، تجهیزات و منابع مالی مورد نیاز دهیاری را به عنوان عوامل بسترساز موفقیت این نهاد در انجام وظایف قانونیشان اثربخش دانستند. نتایج این مطالعه برنامهریزان توسعه روستایی را یاری خواهد کرد تا با فراهم آوردن بسترهای لازم، زمینه تحقق مدیریت روستایی پایدار و اثربخش را مهیا سازند.https://jrur.ut.ac.ir/article_25102_d84a90560ad01f646ef926ae293421d2.pdf