اکوسیستم کسب و کار گردشگری برای زنان روستایی: تحلیل تطبیقی ​​ذینفعان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و فناوری، دانشگاه اروپا، لیسبون، پرتغال. CETRAD، ویلا رئال، پرتغال

2 گروه جغرافیای انسانی وبرنامه ریزی،،دانشکده جغرافیا،دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: گردشگری روستایی، به عنوان یکی از راهبردهای کلیدی توسعه پایدار، فرصت‌های قابل توجهی را برای توانمندسازی اقتصادی زنان روستایی فراهم کرده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی کمی و کیفی وضعیت اکوسیستم کسب‌وکار گردشگری برای زنان روستایی در دو شهرستان صومعه سرا و فومن (استان گیلان) و شناسایی مهم‌ترین موانع و راهکارهای بهبود آن است.
روش‌شناسی: جامعه آماری شامل ۵۰ زن روستایی شاغل در حوزه گردشگری (اعم از کارآفرینان، کارمندان، مشاغل خانگی و فروشندگان محلی) و ۴۲ مدیر محلی (دهیاران، اعضای شورا و کارشناسان میراث فرهنگی) بود که به روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته با ۴۷ گویه بود که در ۹ مؤلفه اصلی (کسب‌وکار، منابع مالی، آموزش، سرمایه انسانی، حمایت، بازار، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، زیرساخت و فناوری) سازماندهی شده بود.
یافته‌ها: از دیدگاه زنان روستایی، مؤلفه‌های «سرمایه انسانی» (1.65)، «اجتماعی» (1.79) و «کسب و کار» (1.84) ضعیف‌ترین وضعیت را دارند، در حالی که «زیرساخت و فناوری» (2.64) مؤلفه نسبتاً قابل قبول‌تری است. از دیدگاه مدیران محلی، مؤلفه‌های «زیرساخت و فناوری» (0.9)، «اجتماعی» (1.85) و «کسب و کار» (1.87) ضعیف‌ترین وضعیت را دارند، در حالی که «فرهنگ» (2.95)، «حمایت» (2.69) و «آموزش» (2.54) در وضعیت متوسطی قرار دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: اکوسیستم کسب و کار گردشگری برای زنان روستایی در منطقه مورد مطالعه از آسیب‌های چندبعدی رنج می‌برد و نیازمند رویکردی سیستمی و مشارکتی است. تفاوت قابل توجه دیدگاه‌ها بین دو گروه ذینفع، نشان دهنده لزوم طراحی برنامه‌های مداخله‌ای متناسب با نیازهای هر گروه و تقویت گفتگوی بین بخشی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Tourism Business Ecosystem for Rural Women: A Stakeholder Comparative Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Ghasemi 1
  • Mohammadamin Khorasani 2
  • Mahdiyeh Qaraei 2
1 Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal; CETRAD, Vila Real, Portugal
2 Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

A B S T R A C T
The success and sustainability of businesses of rural women depend not only on women's individual capabilities but also on a set of environmental, institutional, cultural, and economic factors—known as the "business ecosystem." The present study aims to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the status of the tourism business ecosystem for rural women in two counties, Soume’e sara and Fooman (Gilan Province), and to identify the most important barriers and solutions for its improvement. This research is applied in purpose and survey-descriptive in method, with a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included 50 rural women working in tourism (including entrepreneurs, employees, home-based businesses, and local vendors) and 42 local managers (village heads, council members, and cultural heritage experts), selected through a census method. The findings indicate that the overall status of the rural women's tourism business ecosystem from both perspectives is highly unfavorable (overall mean of 1.84 for women and 1.87 for managers out of 5). From the perspective of rural women, the components of "human capital" (1.65), "social" (1.79), and "business" (1.84) are the weakest, while "infrastructure and technology" (2.64) is the relatively most acceptable component. From the perspective of local managers, the components of "infrastructure and technology" (0.9), "social" (1.85), and "business" (1.87) are the weakest, while "culture" (2.95), "support" (2.69), and "education" (2.54) are in a moderate status. This research suggests that policy-making for the development of women's entrepreneurship in rural tourism should be based on three main pillars: "human capital empowerment," "improvement of soft and hard infrastructure," and "changing cultural attitudes."

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Women
  • Business Ecosystem
  • Rural Tourism
  • Women's Entrepreneurship
  • Economic Empowerment
  • Soume’e Sara
  • Fooman
  • Gilan Province

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 17، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 53-70

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 12 فروردین 1405

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