راهبردهای کشاورزان در واکنش به پیامدهای خشکسالی و بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر آن (موردمطالعه: شهرستان رشتخوار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترا جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر وقوع خشکسالی‌های مکرر اثرات منفی زیادی بر محصولات کشاورزی داشته است. کشاورزان می‌توانند با استفاده از راهبردهای سازگاری، تا حدودی اثرات خشکسالی را کاهش دهند. لذا هدف این مطالعه بررسی راهبردهای کشاورزان در واکنش به پیامدهای خشکسالی و عوامل مؤثر بر استفاده از این راهبرد‌ها بوده است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و روش انجام آن توصیفی- تحلیلی است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسش‌نامه و مصاحبه بوده است. جامعه آماری خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان رشتخوار است (N=13716). با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 373 کشاورز به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون رتبه‌ای هم‌انباشتگی نامحدود اکتشافی و مدل لجستیک باینری (روش LM- نیوتن- مارکارد- رافسون) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش منابع آب (882/0)، کاهش سطح زیر کشت (735/0) و افزایش هزینه‌های زندگی (698/0) مهم‌ترین پیامدهای خشکسالی می‌باشند. به ترتیب کشت گیاهان مقاوم به خشکی مانند زعفران، کاهش دفعات آبیاری، و پرداختن به مشاغل غیرکشاورزی مهم‌ترین راهبردهای کشاورزان در واکنش به پیامدهای خشکسالی بوده‌اند. متغیرهای سن، جنس، دانش بومی، نیروی کار، درآمد، تجربه کشاورز، و وسعت مزرعه به طور قابل‌توجهی با کاربرد راهبرد‌ها در ارتباط بوده‌اند. از نتایج پژوهش برای سازگاری بیشتر کشاورزان با پیامدهای خشکسالی در منطقه و روستاهای کشور می‌توان استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Farmers' Strategies in the Face of Droughts and Examination of the Factors Affecting Those Strategies: A Case Study of Roshtkhar County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad 1
  • Khadijeh Sadeghi 2
1 Ph.D. of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent years, repeated droughts have had negative impacts on  agricultural products. Farmers can reduce the effects of droughts by using adaptive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate farmers' strategies in response to drought consequences and to examine the factors affecting the use of these strategies. In terms of purpose, the study is an applied one, and the method is descriptive-analytical. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and interviews. The statistical population of the research consisted of the rural households in Roshtkhar County (N = 13716). Using the Cochran formula, 373 farmers were selected as the sample. For data analysis, the unlimited exploratory uncertainty test and the binary logistic model (LM-Newton-Marcard-Raphson method) were used. The results showed that decreased water resources (0.882), reduced crop area (0.735) and increased living expenses (0.698) were the most important consequences of drought. Drought-tolerant plants such as saffron, irrigation, and non-agricultural jobs were the most important strategies adopted by the farmers in response to drought consequences. Variables such as age, sex, indigenous knowledge, labor force, income, farmers’ experience, and farm size were significantly associated with the application of strategies. The results of the research can be used for more adaptation of farmers to drought consequences in the villages of the county.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • climate change
  • Drought
  • Agriculture
  • Adaptation strategies
  • Roshtkhar County
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