برنامه‌ریزی توسعه اشتغال پایدار روستایی با رویکرد PRA مبتنی بر مدل هفت سرمایه (موردشناسی: روستای بغدان شهرستان نیکشهر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین برنامه توسعه و اشتغال پایدار روستایی با تأکید بر روستای بغدان شهرستان نیکشهر انجام شد. گردآوری داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌های ارزیابی مشارکتی (PRA) و با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل ساختار اجتماعی و ساختار سازمانی با نمودار Ven، گردش روستایی، ترسیم درخت مشکلات و ماتریس زوجی نیازسنجی صورت گرفته و تحلیل داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از مدل هفت سرمایه و مدل رادار انجام شده است. علاوه بر بررسی‌های میدانی پژوهشگران و بهره‌گیری از دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران دانشگاهی، مشارکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش به‌طور خاص 23 نفر از مردان و زنان صاحب‌نظر روستا بودند که به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل یافته‌ها نشان داد روستای بغدان دارای سرمایه ‌طبیعی و اجتماعی مناسبی است و سرمایه انسانی آن در حال افزایش است. درعین‌حال نتایج تحلیلی حاکی از آن است که در شرایط فعلی این روستا سرمایه فضایی - مکانی مناسبی ندارد، اما در صورت اجرای سناریوی جابه‌جایی پیشنهادی مکان روستا با توجه به زمینه‌های موجود و خواست روستاییان؛ موقعیت فضایی - مکانی جدید، فرصت‌های مناسب اشتغال‌زایی برای روستا و روستاییان ایجاد خواهد کرد. سرمایه زیرساختی روستا هم ضعیف است که البته با اجرای سناریوی جابجایی، این سرمایه روستایی نیز ارتقا خواهد یافت. علاوه بر این سرمایه نهادی روستا ازنظر مستندات قانونی و طرح‌های توسعه گردشگری و کشاورزی و هم ازنظر هماهنگی برنامه‌های بین سازمانی و اثربخشی برنامه‌ها جهت ایجاد اشتغال و معیشت ضعیف است. درنهایت به کمک مدل رادار و برحسب فرصت‌های موجود در هر یک از سرمایه‌های هفت‌گانه روستا؛ برنامه توسعه آتی و اشتغال‌زایی روستای بغدان تبیین و تدوین شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Planning for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Using the PRA Approach Based on Seven Capital Model (Case Study: Baghdan Village in Nikshahr County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Ebrahimzadeh Asmin 1
  • Issa Ebrahimzadeh 2
  • Aboozar paidar 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The present is carried out aimed at developing a plan for development and sustainable rural livelihoods with an emphasis on Baghdan village in Nikshahr county. Accordingly, a  participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method is used to collect the research data. Data analysis is also performed using the Seven Capital and the Radar Models. The participants of the study consist of 23 experts who are selected purposefully. The findings of the research showed that Baghdan village has appropriate natural and social capital, and its human capital is increasing. At the same time, it is found that the village does not have good spatial capital. However, according to the existing context and the demand of the villagers, implementing the scenario of relocating the village in the proposed location will create new spatial and employment opportunities for the village and villagers. There are also some weaknesses in the infrastructural capitals of the village that they can be addressed by implementing the relocation scenario. Besides, there also some weaknesses in the institutional capital of the village in terms of legal documentation. The development plans for tourism and agriculture have some problems in terms of the coordination of inter-organizational programs, and the effectiveness of the programs for job creation and livelihoods is also under question. Finally, according to the radar model and based on the opportunities available in each of the seven capitals of the village, the future development and employment plan of Baghdan village is elaborated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable livelihoods plan
  • Participatory rural appraisal (PRA)
  • Seven-Capital Model
  • Radar Model
  • Baghdan Village
Alidost, Somayeh, Lashkar-ara, Farhad and Hosseini, Seyyedjamla (2012). Prioritization of Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Women in Garmsar County, National Conference on Entrepreneurship Management and Knowledge Based Businesses; Nov. 23, 2012, Three Centers of Entrepreneurship, Development of Technology Units and Relations between Industry and Society and Civillas. (In Persian)  
Anabestani, Ali Akbar and Ahmadzadeh, Sahar (2012). Investigating the relationship between spatial and spatial characteristics and factors affecting women's participation in rural society (Dzerab rural district, Mashhad), Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, Volume 1, Issue 2 , Pages 112-95. (In Persian)  
Bethke, L., Good, J., & Thompson, P. (1997). Building Capacities for Risk Reduction. 1st Edition, Disaster Management Training Programme, DHA.
Faraheni, Hossein, Rasoolinia, Zakieh and Sedghi, Zahra (2014).Effective Factors on the Growth of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas Case: Jaberansar Village in Abdanan City, Journal of Rural Space Economics, Year 3, Issue 3, Successive 9, Pages 16-1. (In Persian)  
Farajisabkbar, H., S. A. Badri, H. Sojjasi, T. Sadeghloo, & A. Shadadi, khjehasgkr (2011). Prioritize the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas using techniques Prometea (Mzalh case Khoda village near the central city of Zanjan), Human Geography Research, No. 75, pp. S68-53. (In Persian)  
Foong, K., and Yorston, R (2003). Human capital measurement and reporting: A British Perspective, London Business School.
Ghadiri Masoomsh, Mojtaba, Zianooshin, Mohammad Mehdi and Khorasani, Mohammadamin (2010). Economic Sustainability and its Relationship with Spatial Spatial Properties: A Case Study of Villages of Kohin Village, Kaboodar Azan, Journal of Rural and Development, Vol. 13, No. 2, Pages 29- 1. (in Persian).
Hall, Anthony and Mijley, James (2009). "Social Policy and Development", translated by Mehdi Ebrahimi and Alireza Sadeghi, Society Publications. Theologians, Tehran, 425.
Hashimi, Seyyed Saeed, Motie Langroudi, Seyyed Hassan, Ghadiri Masoomsh, Mojtaba, Rezvani, Mohammad Reza and Moghimi, Seyyed Mohammad (2011). Explaining the role of Islamic Jihad in rural entrepreneurship development (Bahabad, Yazd Province), Quarterly Journal of Research Rural, Year 2, Issue 1, pp. 114-93. (In Persian)
Heidari Sarban, vakil (2013). Investigating the Factors Affecting Farmers' Empowerment in Ahar County Villages, Quarterly Journal of Geographic Space, 13, s 41, pp. 170-157. (In Persian)  
Heidari Sarban, vakil and majnooni Tootatkhani, Ali (2017).explaining the role of information and communication technology (ICT) about social capacity of rural areas (case study: Meshgin-Shahr city), human settlements planning studies, 12(2), pp. 283-267. (In Persian)
Hosseininia, Gh., & Fallai, H. (2017). [Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Case Study on the Rural Areas of Manoojan County (Persian)]. Journal of Rural Researchs, 8(1), 22-37. http://dx.doi.org/10,.21859/jjr-08012.
Jeanette S. Martina, Milorad Novicevicb, (2010). Social entrepreneurship among Kenyan farmers: A case example of acculturation challenges and program successes, International Journal of Intercultural Relations 34 482–492.
Larsen Ray. (2015). Community Empowerment & Technology Developments, IEEE Smart Village Co-Chair.
Molaee Hashjin, Nasrallah (2007). An Analysis of the Reviewing Requirements for Rural Development Planning Policies in Iran, Ahar Geographic Magazine,Seventh Year, No.17,40-20.  
Naghavi, Mir-Ali and Babaei, Ali (2013). Evaluation of Rural Economic Development Policy from a Regional Point of View on Government Policies in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 479-451 (In Persian).  
oliyaei, Mohammad Sadegh (2011). Causes of rural development in Iran from the perspective of human capital and social capital: Divandareh city, Geography Magazine, New Volume, No. 30, pp. 161-146 (In Persian).   
Rasekhi, Behrouz (2003). Summary of articles of the Congress on Rural Development, Challenges and Perspectives, Iranian Institute of Rural Development. (In Persian)  
Rasekhi, B., Ghanbari Movahed, R., & Alibayghi, A. (2018).[Comparative analysis of agricultural entrepreneur ship in rural and urban areas of Kermanshah province (Persian)]. Journal of Rural Research, 9(3), 346-359, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22059/jrur.2017.228470.1071
Rezaei Sartzhnisy, Pejman (2003). Evaluation of the Rural Development Status in Social-Economic Development Plans Before and After the Revolution, Collection Summary of the Congress on Rural Development Challenges and Perspectives, Iranian Rural Development Publishers. (In Persian)  
Rezvani, M. R., & M. Najarzadeh, (2008). Analysis of ground, entrepreneurial development of rural villagers in the process (case study, its villages south of the city of Isfahan, Journal of Entrepreneurship, First year, second number, pp161-182. (In Persian)
Rokneddin Eftekhai, A., H. Sojjasi, M. R. Razavi, (2010). Agricultural entrepreneurship development strategies in rural areas: A case study village’s city Khodabande, Rural Development Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp 29-1. (In Persian).
Rokneddin Eftekhai, A, Aghayari Hair, M (2008). Levels of Rural Development Sustainability, Case Study of Hir District, Geographic Research, No. 16 (in Persian).
Salmani, Mohammad rezvani, Mohammad Reza; Pourtaheri, Mehdi, Wiszi, Farzad (2011). the role of seasonal labor migration in rural household livelihoods (Sarvabad city, Kurdistan province). Human Geography Research, No. 77. Pages 140-120. (In Persian).
Sayyed AliPoor, Seyed Khalil, Paydar, Abuzar and Sadeghi, Khadijeh (2014). A Modeling of Strategies for Realizing Sustainable Economics with Emphasis on Sustainable Security in Rural Areas (CSP Jazmurian-Southern Kerman), Geography and Development Magazine, 44 (Volume 14). 63-45). (In Persian)  
Shahmoradi, M., Ehsanifar, T., Farahmand, F., Rostami, F., & Sahraie, M., (2019). [Surveying the Challenges in Realization of Rural Women's Business Ideas (Persian)]. Journal of Rural Research, 9(4), 552-563, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22059/ jrur.2018.261886.1265.
Sharifzadegan, Mohammad Hossein (2003). Planning and Causes of Reducing the Effectiveness of Development Plans in Iran, Quarterly Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 11, 43 and 44, Ministry of Jihad-e-Sazandegi publications, Tehran. (In Persian)