روستا دَرِ- قدرت و دَر- قدرت؛ دیرینه‌شناسی روابط شهر و روستا در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

روستاها با تولید و انتقال قدرت به شهرها و شهرها با مصرف و اِعمال قدرت به روستاها، روابط پیچیده و طولانی در طول زمان داشته‌اند. درک این روابط نیازمند مطالعه روند اثرگذاری نیروهای تولیدکننده و مصرف‌کننده قدرت است. لذا در این مطالعه از روش کیفی دیرینه‌شناسی فوکو استفاده شد. بر این اساس روابط قدرت بین تولیدکنندگان و مصرف‌کنندگان به دوره‌های چهارگانه‌ی: قبل از صفویه، صفویه تا مشروطه، مشروطه تا انقلاب اسلامی، انقلاب اسلامی و بعد از آن تقسیم شدند. طبق یافته‌ها در مراحل اولیه، روابط روستا با شهر به شکل انتقال مالیات و تأمین سرباز بوده اما به مرور زمان و با مداخله عوامل مختلف داخلی-پیدایش نفت، اصلاحات ارضی - و خارجی-تجارت بین‌المللی، دگردیسی در شکل انتقال قدرت به وجود آمد و با ورود دولت و برقراری روابط سرمایه‌داری در روستاها و ورود کالاهای تجملی، باعث تهی شدن روستاها از قدرت گردید. بنابراین شهرها به‌عنوان پایگاه قدرت از زمان پیدایش همواره عاملی در جهت تضعیف قدرت روستاها بوده‌اند و در این مسیر از شگردهای متعددی بهره گرفته‌اند که در آغاز بیشتر ماهیت آشکار داشت و امروزه در قالب خدمت به نواحی روستایی جلوه‌نمایی می‌کند. برای تغییر در روابط قدرت بین شهرها و روستاها و ایجاد توازن قدرت منطقی می‌توان: -اختلافات قدرت بین شهرها و روستاها را تعدیل و دسترسی به قدرت را برای همگان ممکن نمود. -از توزیع متناسب قدرت میان ذی‌نفعان اطمینان حاصل کرد. -ساختار مناسب برای نهادینه‌سازی فرآیند قدرت بین شهرها و روستاها و توزیع مجدد آن انجام داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Village; the Gate of Power and in Power; Genealogical Analysis of Power in the Village and Power Relations Between the City and the Village

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Zarei 1
  • Hamid Shayan 2
  • Jafar Javan 2
  • Hamdollah Sojasi qeidari 3
  • Omid Ali Kharazmi 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The villages have maintained a long and complex relationship with the cities through the production and transfer of power to cities which, in turn, have used and exerted power over villages. Understanding this relationship requires an examination of the effect of the forces that generate and consume power. Therefore, Foucault's qualitative method was used in this study. Accordingly, the power relations between producers and consumers were divided into quadruple periods: before the Safavid Era, Safavid Era-Constitutional Revolution, Constitutional Revolution-Islamic Revolution, Islamic Revolution and afterward. According to the findings, in the early stages, village-city relations were in the form of tax transfer and supply of soldiers, but over time, with the intervention of various internal factors - the emergence of oil, land reforms- and foreign-international trade, power transmission was transformed and, with the establishment of the government and capitalist relations in the villages and the introduction of luxury goods, the villages were deprived of their power. Therefore, cities as the power bases have always been a factor in weakening the power of the villages since the time of their emergence. In this regard, they have used many techniques that were more obvious in nature at the beginning, but today they in the form of services provided to rural areas. To change the power relations between cities and villages and to create a rational balance of power, one can: adjust the power differences between cities and villages and make power accessible to all; ensure proper distribution of power among stakeholders; create a proper structure for the institutionalization of the power process between cities and villages and redistribution of power.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Spaces
  • Urban Spaces
  • Producers
  • Consumers
  • Power Relationships
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