تأثیر اقلیم بر سازمان فضایی مسکن روستایی بر اساس نظریه نحو فضا (مورد مطالعه: روستاهای استان آذربایجان شرقی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرمت و مطالعات معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مساکن روستایی جدید به سرعت درحال تغییر چهره دادن و شبیه شدن به معماری شهری هستند. دراین روند تنوع اقلیمی حاکم بر سطح مناطق مختلف نادیده گرفته شده و عموماً مساکن روستایی با سازمان فضایی یکسان برای مناطق اقلیمی متنوع ساخته می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش، شناخت سازمان فضایی مسکن روستایی استان آذربایجان‌شرقی بر اساس تنوع اقلیمی حاکم بر این استان است. در پژوهش اخیر از روش تحلیلی نحو فضایی (چیدمان فضایی)، به منظور بررسی سازمان فضایی مسکن روستایی استفاده شده است. برای انتخاب نمونه‌های مورد بررسی، ابتدا روستاهای مورد مطالعه بر مبنای پهنه‌بندی اقلیمی استان به روش خوشه‌ای به تعداد 9 مورد گزینش شده و سپس تمام خانه‌های بومی موجود در روستاهای منتخب مورد برداشت دقیق میدانی قرار گرفته‌اند. تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات حاصل از مطالعات میدانی این خانه‌ها به وسیله نرم‌افزار «دپت مپ» و «ای-گراف» بوده است. برخلاف تصور رایج مبنی بر حضور همزمان سه الگوی فضای باز، نیمه باز و پوشیده در مساکن روستایی استان، الگوی حاکم بر ارتباط فضایی خانه‌های روستایی استان از ترکیب فضاهای باز و پوشیده تشکیل‌شده‌است که به ندرت و با معتدل شدن شرایط اقلیمی در برخی از مناطق خاص، الگوی فضای نیمه‌باز به این سازمان افزوده می‌شود. شرایط اقلیمی بیشترین تاثیر را بر روی مولفه هم‌پیوندی و عمق فضایی مساکن روستایی داشته است به طوری که گونه‌های مساکن روستایی از منظر میزان عمق و اندازه هم‌پیوندی به شرایط اقلیمی مختلف پاسخ می‌دهند. همچنین کمترین تأثیر شرایط اقلیمی مربوط به مؤلفه عرصه‌بندی خانه‌های روستایی است که سلسله مراتب استقرار فضاهای مختلف در آن‌ها تقریباً در سراسر استان یکسان است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Climate on the Spatial Organization of Rural Housing Based on the Theory of Space Syntax (Case Study: Villages of East Azerbaijan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Beyti 1
  • Bagher Pourjavad Asl 2
  • Minou Gharehbaglou 3
  • Hesam Naseri 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 MA, Department of Restoration and Architectural Studies, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
4 MA, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The prevailing climatic diversity in different regions is ignored and generally rural areas with the same spatial organization are built for all climatic regions of the country. The purpose of this study is to identify the rural housing spatial organization of East Azerbaijan province based on the climatic diversity prevailing in this province. In the present research, the analytical method of spatial syntax (spatial arrangement) has been used to study the spatial organization of rural housing. In order to select the studied samples, first, the studied villages were selected based on the climatic zoning of the province by cluster method from different climatic regions and then the native and original houses in the selected villages were carefully harvested. In order to analyze the information obtained from in-place studies, these houses were examined in terms of spatial organization for each sample by "UCL DepthMap" and "A-Graph" software using a descriptive diagram. Most types of rural housing have low depth and high interconnection and communication between different spaces inside the housing is possible through them. Examining the diagrams, it can be seen that the most connected space in the spatial structure of the houses is the vestibule, which plays the main role as a control element in the spatial organization of other house spaces and spatial hierarchy has always been considered by the creators by locating private spaces at greater depths and public spaces at lower depths, regardless of climatic diversity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate
  • Spatial Organization
  • Spatial Syntax
  • Rural Housing
  • East Azerbaijan Province
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