سنجش و ارزیابی ابعاد مؤثر بر ارتقاء تاب‌‏آوری جوامع روستایی در مواجهه با خشکسالی (موردمطالعه: شهرستان سبزوار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویر شناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه تعاون و رفاه اجتماعی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

5 استاد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش تاب‌‏آوری مهم‏ترین عامل جهت حفظ انعطاف‌پذیری سیستم‌های اجتماعی-زیست محیطی و مقابله با خشکسالی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی و تحلیل شاخص‌های مبتنی بر تاب‌‏آوری جوامع روستایی در مواجهه با خشکسالی در سه روستا با شدت‏‌های متفاوت خشکسالی است. در این راستا ابتدا با استفاده از نقشه‌‏های پهنه‏‌بندی خشکسالی بر اساس شاخص SPEI در دوره زمانی ده ساله روستاهای موجود در سه زون خشکسالی بسیار شدید، شدید و متوسط شناسایی و از هر زون یک روستا به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب گردید. سپس با استفاده از رویکرد پیمایشی، روش مشاهده مستقیم و بازدید میدانی، کشاورزان به‌عنوان جامعه هدف شناسایی گردیده و موردبررسی قرار گرفتند. با توجه مجموع تعداد کشاورزان در سه روستا، طبق فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه به تعداد 105 نفر برآورد گردید. بر اساس پرسشنامه‌های تاب‏‌آوری و آزمون‌های آماری به ارزیابی ابعاد و شاخص‌‏های مؤثر بر تاب‌‏آوری پرداخته شد. نتایج مدل اندازه‌گیری لیزرل بر اساس متغیرهای سطح اول ابعاد سنجش تاب‏‌آوری نشان داد بیشترین اثرگذاری و اهمیت ابعاد در میزان تاب‏آوری متعلق به بعد زیرساختی و فیزیکی و بعد طبیعی است. ابعاد اقتصادی و مالی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی، حکمرانی و مدیریت، انسانی و فردی به ترتیب در رتبه‏ بعدی اهمیت قرار دارند. سنجش میزان ابعاد تاب‌‏آوری در روستاهای موردمطالعه نشان داد بعد اجتماعی و فرهنگی دارای بیشترین میزان و بعد طبیعی دارای کمترین میزان در روستاهای موردمطالعه در این منطقه هستند. ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ابعاد تأثیرگذار ﻣﻲ‌ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﻄح ﺗﺎب‏‌آوری و انطباق‌پذیری ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳط را اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ دﻫﺪ و نقش مؤثری در به حداقل رساندن ضررهای احتمالی در شرایط بحرانی، ایفا نماید. در این راستا، لازم است به تصمیم‌گیری و تخصیص منابع به کشاورزان منطقه در مواجهه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات، توجه ویژه‌‏ای معطوف شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring and Evaluating the Dimensions Affecting the improvement of Resilience of Rural Communities in the Face of Drought (Case Study: Sabzevar County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Vazirian 1
  • Ali Akbar Karimian 2
  • Mehdi Ghorbani 3
  • Alireza Afshani 4
  • Mohammad Taghi Dastorani 5
1 PhD Graduated, Department of Management of Arid and Desert Areas, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desertology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desertology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Revitalization of Arid and Mountainous Areas, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Cooperative and Social Welfare, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
5 Professor, Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Increasing resiliency is the most important factor in maintaining the flexibility of socio-environmental systems and combating drought. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze resilience indices in rural communities facing drought in three villages with different drought intensities in Sabzevar city. Therefore, first, using drought zoning maps based on SPEI index in a ten-year period, villages in three very severe, severe, and moderate drought zones were identified and one village from each zone was randomly selected. Then, farmers were identified and surveyed as the target population using a survey approach. According to the total number of farmers in the three villages, the sample size was estimated at 105 people, according to the Cochran formula. Based on resiliency questionnaires and statistical tests, dimensions and indices affecting resiliency were evaluated. The results of the LISREL measurement model based on the first level variables of resilience measurement showed that the most influential and important dimensions on resilience were infrastructure, physical and natural dimensions. The economic and financial, social and cultural, governance and management, and human and individual dimensions are respectively in the next order of importance. Measurement of resilience dimensions in the studied villages showed that social and cultural dimension had the highest and natural dimension had the lowest impact among dimensions in the studied villages in this area. In general, reinforcement of effective dimensions can enhance flexibility and adaptability to the environment and play a major role in minimizing potential losses in critical situations. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the decision-making and allocation of resources to the local farmers in the face of disasters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Resilience
  • Rural Communities
  • Drought
  • Farmers
  • Socio-environmental Systems
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