تحلیل نوع بهره‌برداری آب و پیامدهای آن بر ساختار سکونتگاه روستایی (مورد مطالعه: روستای‌عبدالله‌آباد- شهرستان ‌دامغان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه مستندنگاری و مطالعات معماری و مرمت ابنیه و بافت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مستندنگاری و مطالعات معماری و مرمت ابنیه و بافت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

کمبود آب و بهره‌برداری ناصحیح از منابع یکی از معضلاتی است که در دهه‌های اخیر گریبان‌گیر جامعه و تغییرات اساسی در سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شده است. این پژوهش به اثرات بلندمدت تغییر در نوع بهره‌برداری از آب بر ساختار سکونتگاه روستایی، جمعیت، مهاجرت و کشاورزی به عنوان اشتغال اصلی روستاییان در روستای ‌عبدالله‌آباد ‌دامغان به عنوان یکی از روستاهای آسیب‌دیده و در معرض نابودی پرداخته ‌شده ‌است. با شناسایی و تحلیل منابع تامین آب شهر دامغان و روستای مذکور در بازه زمانی 50 سال، ترسیم نمودار پیزومتریک چاه‌های منطقه، شناسایی تغییرات نوع بهره‌برداری ازآب، تحلیل ساختار بافت و اراضی کشاورزی روستا با تصاویرهوایی سال‌های 1345، 1366، 1397و تحلیل نتایج آماری جمعیت و مهاجرت، به اثرات محلی و منطقه‌ای تغییر در نوع بهره‌برداری آب پرداخته‌شده‌است. رویکرد عمده پژوهش به جهت محدودیت منابع مبتنی‌بر تحلیل و مشاهدات میدانی است شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه‌های میدانی است که به روش توصیفی - تحلیلی به نگارش در آمده‌ است. در نتیجه پژوهش، تغییر در نوع بهره‌برداری از قنات (بهره‌برداری پایدار) به چاه (بهره‌برداری ناپایدار) سبب ایجاد سه دوره، با شرایط کالبدی، ساختاری و جمعیتی متفاوت در روستا گردید که در پایان به جهت بهره‌برداری بهینه از اراضی کشاورزی و منابع آب موجود در روستا و همچنین اصلاح زنجیره پیوسته عناصر حیاتی محلی و منطقه‌ای، طرح پیشنهادی ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Water Use Type and Its Consequences on the Structure of Rural Settlement (Case study: Abdullahabad village- Damghan city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khatereh Talebi 1
  • Mitra Azad 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Documentation and Architectural Studies and Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Documentation and Architectural Studies and Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and urbanism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this paper, the long-term effects of changes in the type of water exploitation on agricultural lands, textures, and lifestyles of the village of Abdullah Abad, Damghan, which has been damaged, are studied. This local and regional effect is examined in this paper by aggregating several analyzing methods such as the village's water supply resources in the Damegan city for over 50 years, drawing piezometric diagrams of regional and village wells, the identification of changes in water resources, analyzing aerial images of the residential and agricultural texture of the village during the years 1966, 1987, and 2018, and the analysis of population and migration statistical results. The main approach adopted in this paper is the description-analysis method based on the analysis and field observation because of reference limitations. As a result, the village's water supply resources conversion from aqueducts (sustainable) to water wells (unsustainable), caused three periods with different texture, structural, and populations conditions. Finally, a rehabilitation plan is proposed in this paper in order to achieve optimal exploitation of agricultural lands and village's water supply resources, and modification of the continuous chain of local and regional vital elements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural migration
  • water exploitation
  • rural texture
  • aqueduct
  • Damghan
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