تحلیل وضعیت فقر چندبعدی در جوامع روستایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

فقر همچنان یکی از چالش‌های اساسی بشر است که همچنان بیشتر چهره‌ای بیشتر روستایی دارد. اهمیت پرداختن به مسئله فقر و محرومیت به حدی است که سازمان ملل کاهش آن را به‌عنوان اولین هدف از اهداف توسعه پایدار قرار داده است. در حال حاضر رویکرد محققین و سیاست‌گذاران نسبت به پدیده فقر از حالت تک‌بعدی به چندبعدی تغییر کرده است. درنتیجه دیگر به فقر به‌عنوان یک مسئله صرفاً اقتصادی نگاه نشده بلکه برای آن ابعاد گوناگون از جمله آموزش، سلامت و رفاه نیز تصور شده است. لذا، شناخت و مقابله با فقر مستلزم درک جامع و نظام‌مند آن است. مطالعه حاضر با بهره‌گیری از مفهوم فقر چندبعدی، ضمن بومی‌سازی شاخص‌های سنجش ابعاد فقر، از سطح خانوار فراتر رفته و با هدف کمک به سیاست‌گذاری و برنامه‌ریزی در راستای کاهش فقر، این پدیده را در سطوح شهرستان، استان و کشور نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار داده است. برای این منظور از داده‌های سرشماری سال 1395 حدود 20 هزار خانوار روستایی استفاده شد. بر اساس یافته‌های این تحقیق شاخص فقر چندبعدی در ایران حدود 349/0 است که به ترتیب ابعاد آموزشی، سلامت و رفاه بیشترین سهم را در آن داشته‌اند. شاخص‌های شدت و گستردگی فقر نیز به ترتیب 558/0 و 628/0 بوده است. ماهیت فقر در ایران نه تنها از متغیرهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی، بلکه از عوامل مکانی و اقلیمی نیز متأثر است. درنتیجه، نظر به گستردگی و پیچیدگی روابط بین عوامل تأثیرگذار و متأثر از فقر هرگونه برنامه‌ریزی و سیاست‌گذاری برای آن نیازمند نگرشی جامع و نظام‌مند به پدیده فقر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty in Iranian Rural Communities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Akbar Barati 1
  • Mostafa Moradi 2
  • Milad Zhoolideh 2
  • Eydieh Sohrabi Mollayousef 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Iran.
3 MSc., Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Economics & Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Poverty is still one of the main challenges facing humankind with a more rural nature in developing countries. The importance of addressing the issue of poverty and deprivation is to the extent that the United Nations considers its reduction as the first goal of Sustainable Development Goals. The approach of researchers and politicians to poverty has now shifted from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional. This means that poverty is no longer seen as a purely economic issue, instead, various dimensions including education, health, and welfare are now considered for poverty. Accordingly, recognition of poverty and coping with it requires a holistic and systematic understanding of it. The current study has attempted to go beyond the household level and study poverty (at county, province and country levels) by utilizing the concept of MPI while localizing its various indices with the aim of assisting policy-making and planning to reduce poverty. In this regard, the 2016 census data of 20000 rural households were used. According to the findings of this study, the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) of Iran is 0.349. Education, health, and living standards (welfare) had the highest contribution in MPI, respectively. The intensity and incidence of poverty among rural households are 0.558 and 0.628, respectively. Poverty in Iran is affected not only by economic and social factors but also by spatial and climatic factors. Consequently, given the extent and complexity of the relationships among the factors affecting and being affected by poverty, any planning and policymaking to alleviate poverty requires an intelligent holistic and systematic approach to poverty.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deprivation
  • Rural poverty
  • Poverty intensity
  • Poverty incidence
  • Smart poverty reduction
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