بررسی چالش‌های توسعه روستایی افغانستان و راهکارهای رفع آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

توسعه روستایی یکی از دغدغه‌های اصلی کشورهای درحال‌توسعه است. پیامدهای توسعه‌نیافتگی مناطق روستایی از قبیل فقر گسترده، بیکاری و مهاجرت موجب توجه به توسعه روستایی گردیده است. بر اساس آخرین گزارش مرکز آمار افغانستان (1399)، از مجموع جمعیت این کشور حدود 4/23 میلیون نفر (71 درصد) در نواحی روستایی سکونت دارند. این در حالی است که نواحی روستایی با چالش‌های مختلف اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، مدیریتی و محیط‌زیستی مواجه هستند. بنابراین، شناسایی چالش‌های توسعه روستایی افغانستان پیش‌شرط تدوین سیاست‌ها، برنامه‌ریزی و ارائه الگویی انعطاف‌پذیر برای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی است. در همین راستا، این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل عمده‌ترین چالش‌های موجود در حوزه توسعه روستایی افغانستان انجام شد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل 60 نفر از کارشناسان مسائل توسعه روستایی و کشاورزی این کشور بود. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه و روش آن مصاحبه حضوری بود. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل و توصیف داده‌ها علاوه بر آماره‌های پراکندگی و مرکزیت، از ضریب تغییرات و تحلیل عاملی تأییدی استفاده شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که به ترتیب چالش‌های اقتصادی، مانند کمبود اعتبارات و سرمایه‌گذاری در روستاها، اجتماعی، نظیر پایین بودن مشارکت زنان در فعالیت‌های روستایی، محیط زیستی، از جمله بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی، فیزیکی ـ‌ کالبدی، مانند ضعف یا فقدان شبکه شهری ‌ـ ‌روستایی و در نهایت مدیریتی، به‌ویژه غلبه نیروی کار غیرمتخصص در فعالیت‌های اقتصادی روستا، از جمله مؤثرترین چالش‌های توسعه روستاها در افغانستان هستند که تلاش در جهت رفع آن‌ها نقش قابل‌توجهی در دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی و در نتیجه ملی این کشور خواهد داشت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Afghanistan's Rural Development Challenges and their Solutions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Muhammad Asef Shaiq 1
  • Khalil Kalantari 2
  • Ali Asadi 2
  • Ali Akbar Barati 3
1 MSc., Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant professor, Department of Agricultural Management and Development, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rural development is one of the main concerns of developing countries. The consequences of lack of development in rural areas such as widespread poverty, unemployment and migration have led to more attention to rural development. According to the latest report of the Statistics Center of Afghanistan (2020), out of the total population of this country, about 23.4 million people (71%), live in rural areas. At the same time, rural areas face various economic, social, cultural, managerial and environmental challenges. Therefore, identifying Afghanistan's rural development challenges is a prerequisite to developing policies, plans, and providing a flexible model for achieving sustainable rural development. In this regard, the main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the major challenges of rural development in Afghanistan. The statistical population included 60 experts on agricultural and rural development. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and its method was face-to-face interview. For data analysis, coefficient of variation and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results of this study showed that several challenges including economic (such as lack of credits and investments in rural areas), social (such as women’s low participation in rural activities), environmental (such as improper exploitation of groundwater), physical (such as the weakness or lack of rural-urban network), and managerial (especially the dominance of unskilled laborers in rural economic activities) challenges, have influenced rural development in Afghanistan, respectively. Undoubtedly, any effort to eliminate them will play a significant role in achieving sustainable rural and consequently national development of this country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rural Development
  • Rural Poverty
  • Rural Society
  • Barriers to Rural Development
  • Afghanistan
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