نگرش جوامع محلی نسبت به اثربخشی اجتماعی - اقتصادی اقدامات احیائی و مشارکت در احیای دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

خشک‌سالی در حوضه دریاچه ارومیه بیش از دو دهه است که ادامه حیات تعداد زیادی از سکونتگاه‌های شهری و روستایی پیرامونی خود را به چالش کشیده است. در راستای ارزیابی و پایش اقدامات ستاد احیای دریاچه ارومیه این تحقیق باهدف ارزیابی میزان اثربخشی اجتماعی - اقتصادی اقدامات ستاد احیا و سنجش نگرش جوامع محلی به مشارکت در احیای دریاچه ارومیه انجام گرفت. در پژوهش حاضر از روش تحقیق نظرسنجی کیفی استفاده‌شده است. برای ارزیابی نگرش جوامع محلی از پرسش‌نامه استفاده شد که با حجم نمونه 150 نفر از جوامع محلی و استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله‌برفی تکمیل گردید. برای انجام این تحقیق سه نوع عملیات احیایی شامل بوته کاری با گونه آتریپلکس، بوته کاری و نهال‌کاری با گونه‌های گز، قره‌داغ و آتریپلکس و احداث بادشکن غیرزنده انتخاب شد. نتایج آزمون فریدمن نشان داد نظرخواهی از جوامع محلی در مراحل مختلف برنامه‌ریزی و اجرا با امتیاز 38/4 مهم‌ترین عامل مؤثر بر مشارکت جوامع محلی است. همچنین بیشترین تمایل جوامع محلی برای مشارکت در اجرای سیستم‌های نوین آبیاری، کشت محصولات کشاورزی با نیاز آبی کمتر و مشارکت در برنامه‌ریزی و تدوین طرح‌های احیا به ترتیب با میانگین امتیازات 41/3، 19/3 و 93/2 است. بر اساس دیدگاه جوامع محلی مهم‌ترین آثار اجتماعی - فرهنگی عملیات بوته کاری تک‌کشتی در منطقه آذرشهر شامل؛ تثبیت ریزگردهای نمکی در منطقه و کاهش مشکلات مربوط به سلامت و بهداشت جوامع محلی و کاهش میل به مهاجرت به ترتیب با امتیاز 07/4 و 07/3 است. طبق نتایج از دیدگاه جوامع محلی اثربخشی اجتماعی - اقتصادی عملیات احداث بادشکن غیرزنده بیشتر از دو روش دیگر بوده است. به نظر می‌رسد در صورت رعایت تناسب اقدامات احیا با شرایط اکولوژیکی منطقه و مشارکت جوامع محلی می‌توان به نتایج مثبت اقدامات ستاد احیا امیدوار بود. برای موفقیت در احیای دریاچه ارومیه باید هم‌زمان با انجام اقدامات احیائی؛ به توانمندسازی و ظرفیت‌سازی جوامع محلی پرداخته شود و اقدامات انجام‌شده دارای پذیرش جوامع محلی باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Attitude of Local Communities Towards Socio-Economic Effectiveness and Participation in Restoration Actions of Lake Urmia

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yunus alaei 1
  • مفیدی چلان Mofidi-Chelan 2
  • Esmaeil Sheidai-Karkaj 3
1 MSc., Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In line with the evaluation and monitoring of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the socio-economic effectiveness of the actions of the Lake Urmia Restoration Headquarters and measuring the participation of local communities on the shores of Lake Urmia. In the current research, according to the nature of the subject and research objectives, qualitative survey research method was used. In order to carry out this research, three types of restoration actions were selected, including planting with Atriplex species in Azarshahr city, planting and with Tamarix, Nitraria and Atriplex species in Shabestar city, and constructing a non-living windbreak using Tamarix species in Ajabshir city. local communities are most willing to participate in the implementation of new irrigation systems in order to save water consumption, agriculture with less water demand, and participation in planning and formulation of revitalization plans with average scores of 3.41, 3.19 and 2.93 respectively. According to the results, from the point of view of the local communities, the actions of the restoration headquarters have a significant difference in terms of economic effectiveness, and the economic effects of constructing a non-living windbreak have been greater than the other two methods. It seems that we can hope for positive results of the actions of the restoration headquarters if the appropriateness of restoration measures is observed with the ecological conditions of the region and the participation of local communities. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Shrub Planting
  • Non-living Windbreaker
  • Participation
  • Urmia lake restoration headquarters
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