واکاوی عوامل بازدارنده توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی با رویکرد فراتحلیل

1. Introduction

In rural areas, despite the presence of creative, innovative and hardworking people and countless environmental capacities, the nature of efficient institutional activities is not there, because there are various obstacles and restrictions in rural areas for the formation and development of entrepreneurial activities. Considering the importance and role of entrepreneurship in rural development, it should be studied and investigated its challenges and development in order to act on its development through accurate scientific knowledge. Based on this, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating and analyzing the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. In recent years, many researches have been done in dealing with rural entrepreneurship, since many factors inhibit entrepreneurship and the relationships between them are created and are heterogeneous, it is necessary to investigate these structures, places and places in that way by knowing the characteristics that can be It pointed out. Define the context better and more precisely.



2. Methodology

The present research was carried out by meta-analysis method. The meta-analysis method is one of the new methods in conducting research that seeks to statistically combine the results of previous researches on a topic. In this research, due to the use of the meta-analysis method, it is classified as a quantitative research, and the library method was used to collect data. In order to carry out the research, all the researches conducted in Farsi and English in various publications in the years 2010 to 2023 on the topic of barriers to rural entrepreneurship were searched through databases. From the total of 100 articles studied, the information of 29 domestic and foreign articles that included a large number of variables were included in the meta-analysis. For meta-analysis calculations, CMA3 software, which is the latest version of meta-analysis, was used, and the data obtained from previous studies were converted to effect sizes with the help of the software.



3. Results

In the following, based on the obtained results, the model of obstacles facing rural entrepreneurship is drawn. Based on the obtained results, infrastructural factors with an effect size of 0.372, policy and legal with 0.349, technical-educational with 0.334, cultural-social with 0.314, financial-economic with 308, environmental with 0.287. , managerial-institutional with 0.283 and individual with 0.277 were recognized as the most important obstacles to rural entrepreneurship. According to the Cohen effect criterion, 5 factors (infrastructural, policy, educational, social and economic) i.e. 62.5% have an effect size greater than 0.3 and 3 factors (environmental, institutional and individual) i.e. 37.5% have an effect size less than 0.3 have been assigned to themselves. For each factor, a total of 71 variables were extracted according to the effect size, Z value and P significance level. The total degree of repeatability of these variables was 389 times. The variables are the lack of necessary coordination and cooperation between the organizations in charge of rural development in the field of entrepreneurship, the theoretical nature of people's knowledge, the lack or shortage of training related to entrepreneurship and self-employment in the village, the low level of skills and comprehensive rural capabilities, financial weakness and lack of liquidity of people for Starting a business, little support from the government and officials for rural entrepreneurs, weak information and communication technology, lack of suitable physical and infrastructure infrastructure, and lack of access to production factors have been the most frequent concepts. As shown in Figure 2, the components; Lack of long-term planning in the field of rural development, inappropriate laws in the field of export and import, lack of familiarity with accounting and financial planning, fear of failure and bankruptcy, weak technical requirements to achieve added value, weak marketing and sales, limited opportunity. loan repayment, non-payment of loans on time by the government, the existence of various challenges in rural settlements, the weakness of information and communication technology, the lack of suitable physical and infrastructure infrastructure in rural areas, the lack of access of a large part of the country's villages to a suitable and integrated market According to meta-analysis calculations, agricultural lands have the largest effect size.



4. Discussion

Based on the results of the components; Financial weakness and lack of liquidity of people in the village to start a business, lack or lack of training related to entrepreneurship and self-employment in the village, lack or lack of suitable physical infrastructure and infrastructure in rural areas, lack of necessary coordination and cooperation between organizations in charge of rural development and Various organizations in the field of entrepreneurship, the low level of skills and the overall ability of rural people to do entrepreneurship, the little support of the government and officials for rural entrepreneurs, the theoretical nature of people's knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship, the lack of access to production factors, the weakness of information and communication technology, and the weakness of the transportation system. and village narration have the highest repeatability respectively. Meta-analysis calculations based on the effect size showed that 61.95% of the 71 variables have a small effect size, 28.16% have a medium effect size, and 9.89% of the variables have a large effect size. Also, other results indicate that the components of lack of long-term planning in the field of rural development, managerial weakness, fear of failure and bankruptcy, lack of familiarity with accounting and financial planning, weak marketing and sales, limited opportunity to repay loans, challenges Many problems in rural settlements, the lack of access of a large part of the country's villages to the appropriate market and the non-unification of agricultural lands have had the highest effect.



5. Conclusion

Because this research has identified the factors and indicators of entrepreneurship development and evaluated and prioritized them in the form of a network structure. The designed model can be said that the formation and development of rural entrepreneurship is influenced by internal and external forces. In the internal discussion, one can refer to individual issues and characteristics, environmental and social situations, and in the external discussion, one can refer to government policies, financial support, infrastructure strengthening, etc.