Evaluate the Social factors affecting environmental awareness of villagers (Case study: The Village-city of Jagharq in Binalud county)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Introduction:
Today's ambient environmental catastrophe not only the peace and security of human life and human existence but also threaten rubs it, why the scientific and political debate on the most serious environmental issue. Awareness of environmental conditions and evaluate the changes of the international community in recent years has been the overall focus and Knowledge and understanding of the environment, to detect changes in the management and delivery of management programs is very important.Today, environmental issues have profoundly social context - cultural environment that we should pay attention to. Today, environmental disaster, not only the take away peace and security of human life, But also threatens human existence, For this reason, scientific and political debate on the environment is the highest and the most recent deafening discussions The ultimate objective of environmental protection is in relation to the social environment and enhanced environmental awareness in the community as well as fostering a culture of environmental enforcement at different levels. In this regard, awareness of environmental issues surrounding villagers is the most important programs in developing countries to achieve sustainable development of the rural environment which is considered as one of the most livable places and have been particularly close to his environment, so that it has the most effect on both the environment and their surroundings and therefore have the greatest relationship with the environment. Therefore, their awareness of environmental issues - is considered to be an undeniably necessary.

Purposis:
The main objective of this study was to identify factors that influence the level of environmental awareness of the villagers. Identify the relationship between individual characteristics, behavioral characteristics - psychological, cultural traits - social media and media consumption among rural households in the study area, with regard to the environmental awareness of the objectives of this study.

Method:
Based on the nature of the issue in the study the Research Methodology of descriptive- analysis is applied. The main approach for data collection, research, and survey research method is that the data have been collected in the field. Statistical population includes residents of the village Jaghrq Binalud in Khorasan Razavi province, According to Cochran's formula, a sample of 336 students are selected using systematic random sampling method and have been studied. The data gathering tool, a questionnaire validated by the content of external validity and reliability by Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient (75/0) has been approved. For statistical analysis of survey data using SPSS and appropriate assessment level variables, tests of correlation analysis, analysis of variance and stepwise multiple regression were used.

Results:
Research findings suggest that awareness of environmental issues with villagers is (37.2) percent of the average. There is a significant relationship at 99/0 per cent between the independent variables (social dimensions: individual elements of behavior - psychological, socio - cultural and media consumption) and dependent variable (level of environmental awareness - environmental). Using the radio with the highest coefficient (422/0) as the greatest Impact Factor and access to centers and research stations with coefficient of (0.12), are known as the least influence on the level of environmental consciousness of villagers. Also according to the stepwise regression analysis, five variables (Using radio, interaction with others, social relations at the local level, participation in village affairs and age) have the greatest impact on environmental awareness among villagers.

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, we can conclude that villagers' awareness of environmental issues is at an intermediate level. About the factors influencing environmental awareness, based on factors we can say that radio, interactions with others, local communication, age and participation in village affairs, explain the largest environmental awareness of rural environment. Also from the remaining of two basic dimensions of behavior of psychological regression equation, it can be deduced that these components are along with other components of personal, cultural, social - media consumption in explaining and predicting environmental awareness, is very important. Based on the findings and results to improve the current situation, we propose that:
1. A preliminary scheme to promote environmental awareness among different groups of people (women and men) of all ages and all educational levels, especially (those with low education cycle) was used in order to prevent environmental degradation and pollution.
2. In order to increase environmental awareness of The villagers, it is imperative that the areas of interaction and community participation in environmental decision-making at all levels, particularly in the management, design, implementation, and evaluation of environmental projects and Etc. is Provided.
3. Efficient use of media and mass communications, especially (Radio) in rural areas to enhance and promote community awareness about environmental issues.

Keywords


- ادهمی، عبدالرضا و ­اکبرزاده، الهام، 1390، بررسی عوامل فرهنگی مؤثر بر حفظ محیط زیست شهر تهران(مطالعه موردی: مناطق5 و 18تهران)»، مجله تخصصی جامعه­شناسی، سال اول، شماره اول، 62-38.
- اژدری، افسون، 1382، توسعه فرهنگی و محیط زیست، فصلنامه علمی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، شماره 39، 27-47.
- اسلام­زاد، وحید، ­1382، مقدمه­ای بر جامعه­شناسی محیط زیست، نشر سازمان سبز حزب اسلامی کار.
- اسماعیلی، فرزانه، 1386، بررسی نگرش زیست­محیطی دانش آموزان سوم دبیرستان شهر تهران، پایان­نامه کارشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
- افتخاری، عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین و فاضل­نیا­، غریب، ۱۳۸۴، تبیین نظریه­ای عوامل مؤثر بر شناخت و آگاهی روستاییان از توانش­های خود و محیط پیرامون، فصلنامه مدرس علوم انسانی، دوره۹، شماره۱، ۱۴۹-112.
- الکساندر، تایلر و فیجتر، آ­ر­ و جورج، ­١٣٥٦­، اکولوژی، ترجمه­ی کریمی، احمد، انتشارات انجمن ملی حفاظت منابع طبیعی و محیط انسانی،  تهران.
- جنیدی، محمدجواد، 1352، صنایع معدنی و آلودگی محیط، سازمان گسترش و نوسازی صنایع ایران، تهران.
- حقیقتیان، منصور و پروافکاری، نصرالله، و جعفری­نیا­، غلامرضا­، 1391، تأثیر رفتارهای اجتماعی زیست­محیطی بر توسعه اجتماعی(مورد مطالعه: کارکنان پارس جنوبی عسلویه)­، مجله مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران، سال پنجم، شماره اول، 136-153.
-  درسنر، سیمون، ۱۳۸۴، مبانی پایداری، ترجمه: محمود دانشور کاخکی، سیاوش دهقانیان و فرخ دین قزلی، انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
- رشیدی، علیرضا و رشیدی، مریم، ­1390، بررسی نقش رسانه­ها در حفاظت از محیط زیست و تأثیرآنها در رفتار مردم و مدیران از منظر شکل­گیری فرهنگ مصرف، ماهنامه مهندسی فرهنگی، سال پنجم، شماره­55 ، 56، 31-33.
- ساتن، فلیپ دبلیو، 1391، درآمدی بر جامعه­شناسی محیط زیست، ترجمه­ی: صالحی، صادق، انتشارات سمت، تهران.
-  ستوده، احد و پوراصغر سنگاچین،  فرزام، 1389،  بررسی گزارش‌های شاخص‌های پایداری و عملکرد محیط زیست در سال­های 2005- 2008 و جایگاه ایران، مجله محیط زیست و توسعه، سال1، شماره 1، 72-51.
-  سلطانی، بهرام، ­۱۳۷۱­، مجموعه مباحث روش­های شهرسازی، انتشارت: مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات شهرسازی و معماری ایران.   
- شارع­پور، محمود،1387، بررسی رابطه سرمایه­ی اجتماعی و مشارکت ورزشی(مطالعه موردی شهروندان 29- 15 ساله بابل) ، نشریه حرکت، شماره37، 153-131.
- صالحی، صادق و امام قلی، لقمان، 1391، مطالعه تجربی رابطه آگاهی و رفتارهای زیست محیطی(مطالعه مناطق شهری و روستایی شهرستان سنندج)، مسائل اجتماعی ایران، سال سوم، شماره1، 121-147.
- صالحی،­ صادق و کریم­زاده، سارا، ­۱۳۹۰،  ­بررسی رابطه دانش زیست­محیطی و رفتار زیست­محیطی، فصلنامه انجمن ایرانی مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات، شماره۲۴­، ۱۷۳-160.
- فریتیوت، کاپرا، ۱۳۸۶، پیوندهای پنهان: تلفیق گستره­های زیست­شناختی و اجتماعی حیات در علم پایداری، ترجمه: محمد حریری اکبری، نشر نی، تهران.
- فهیمی، عزیزالله­، ­۱۳۸۷، فلسفه حقوق محیط­ زیست و آثار آن، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی دانشگاه قم، شماره۳، ۱۰۸-117.
- گراوندی، شهیر و  پاپ زن­، عبدالحمید ­و افشار زاده، نشمیل،۱۳۹۰،  ­مدل­سازی توسعه پایدار زیست­محیطی با استفاده از تئوری بنیانی«­مورد مطالعه: روستای شروینه شهرستان جوانرود»،  مجله مسکن و محیط روستا، شماره۱۳۶، ۶۷-78.
-  لنگرودی، حسن و عزمی، آئیز، ۱۳۹۰،  مروری بر مشکلات زیست­محیطی روستاهای ایران و راهکارهای حل این مشکلات، فصلنامه مسکن و محیط روستا، شماره۱۳۳، ۱۰۱- 115. 
- محسنی، منوچهر، ۱۳۷۱، بررسی آگاهی­ها، نگرش­ها و رفتارهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی در ایران،  معاونت پژوهشی و آموزشی وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی، تهران.  
- میر­عظیم، قوام، 1375، حمایت کیفری از محیط زیست، انتشارات سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، تهران.
- نامداری، روح­انگیز و نجفیان، محسن، 1391، بررسی عوامل اجتماعی- اقتصادی مؤثر بر عملکرد زنان در حفظ محیط زیست، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی زن و فرهنگ، سال سوم، شمار15؛ 98-89.
- ولایی، عیسی، 1384، الگوهای رفتار با طبیعت (محیط زیست) از دیدگاه قرآن و سنت، پایانامه دکتری(ph.d)، رشته علوم قرآن و احادیث، دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات، استاد راهنما دکتر محمد علی لسانس فشارکی.
-Barr,­S, 2003, Stratgies­­ for Sustainability:­ ­Citizens­ and Responsible Environmental Behaviour­,­ Area, Vol­ .35 ,­No.3, pp.­227-240.                                       -Barr, S, ­2007, Factors Influencing Environment Attitudes and Behaviors :­A U.K.Case Study of Household Waste Management.Journal of Environment and Behavior.Vol.39 ,No.4, pp 435-473. 29.                                                .                     
-Kollmuss, A, Agyeman .J ,2002, Mind the Gap:­Why People Act Environmentaly and What are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behavior?­Journal of Environmental Education Research, Vol.8. No.3, pp450-471.                                    
-Quimbita & Pavel, 2005, Assessing On Environmental Attitude Development Model: Factor Influencing the Environmental Attitude of College Student              
-Salehi, S, 2010, People and the Environment: A Study of Environmental Attitudes and Behavior in Iran, Lambert Academic Publishin.
 
Refrences in English:
- Adhami, A. and Akbarzadeh, Elham, 2011, Cultural factors affecting environmental preservation of Tehran (Case Study: Tehran Regions 5 and 18),journal Sociology First Year, First Issue, 62-38.
Alexander, Tyler and Fyjtr, Captivate, George, 1978, Ecology, translation by Karimi, A., Publication National Association for Protection of Natural Resources and Human Environment, Tehran.
-Azhdari, Afsun, 1994,Cultural Development and the Environment, Journal of Environmental Protection Agency, No. 39, 27-47.
-Eslamzadeh, Vahid, 1994, Introduction to Sociology, Environment, Green Party publication of the work.
- Barr,­S, 2003, Stratgies­­ for Sustainability:­­Citizens­ and Responsible Environmental Behaviour­,­ Area, Vol­ .35 ,­No.3, pp.­227-240.                                                              
-Barr, S, ­2007, Factors Influencing Environment Attitudes and Behaviors :­AU.K.Case Study of Household Waste Management.Journal of Environment and Behavior.Vol.39 ,No.4, pp 435-473. 29.
- Dersner, Simon, 1996, Fundamentals of stability, translation by: Mahmoud DaneshvarKakhaki, S. Dehghanian and F. Dean Qezly, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
- EftekhariRoknoddin A. and F. Nia, Gharib, in 1996, a theory explaining the factors affecting their competence and knowledge of the rural environment, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, Volume 9, Number 1, 149-112.
- Feritiot, Capra, 2008, hidden connections: integrating the biological and social spheres of life in Sustainability Science, translated by Mohammad Hariri Akbari, publication of Nei, Tehran.
- Fahimi, Azizolah, 2009, the philosophy of environmental law and its effects, Journal - University of Qom, Number 3, 108-117.
- Geravandi, famous and popular woman, Abdul Hamid and Afsharzadeh, M., Nashmil, 2012, Sustainable Development, Environmental Modeling Using Grounded Theory, "Case study: village city ShervinehJavanroud', Journal of Rural Housing and Environment, 136, 67-78.
- Haqyqatyan, M. and Porafkary, N., and Ja'farinia, G., 2013, Environmental Impact of Social Behaviors on Social Development (Case Study: Employees of South Pars, Assaloyeh), Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, Issue I, 136-153.
- Ismaili, F., 1998, Evaluation of the environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Tehran, bachelor thesis, Shahid Beheshti University
- Junaid, MJ, 1974, mining and environmental industries, Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran, Tehran.
-Kollmuss, A, Agyeman .J ,2002, Mind the Gap:­Why People Act Environmentaly and What are the Barriers to Pro-environmental Behavior?­Journal of Environmental Education Research, Vol.8. No.3, pp450-471.
- Langroodi, H. and Azmi, Aiiz, 2012, Overview of environmental problems and solutions to solve the Iranian countryside, Journal of Rural Housing and Environment, 133, 101-115.
- Mir Azim, Kwame, 1997, the criminal protection of the environment, Publications Department of the Environment, Tehran.
- Mohseni, M., 1995, A survey of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in the social, cultural, Research and Education, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Tehran.
- Namdari, RouhAngiz and Najafian, M., 2013, Social factors - economic effects on women's performance in protecting the environment, Journal - Research woman and Culture, Third Year, Number 15, 98-89.
-Quimbita&Pavel, 2005, Assessing On Environmental Attitude Development Model: Factor Influencing the Environmental Attitude of College Student.
- Rashidi, Alireza and Rashidi, Maryam, 2012, Study of the media's role in protecting the environment and their effect on people's behavior and managers in terms of shaping consumer culture, cultural Engineering Magazine, Issue 55, 56, 31-33.
-Salehi, Sadeq and Imam Gholi, Luqman, 2013, Experimental studies related to environmental awareness and behavior (Sanandaj city study of urban and rural areas), social issues in Iran, the third year, No. 1, and 121-147.
- Salehi, S. and Karim, M., Sarah, 2012, examined the relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior, Journal of Iranian Society of Cultural and Community Studies, No. 24, 173-160.
-Salehi, S, 2010, People and the Environment: A Study of Environmental Attitudes and Behavior in Iran, Lambert Academic Publishin.
- Sharepur, Mahmoud, 2009, examined the relationship between social capital and sports participation (Case of citizens 29-15 years old of Babol), the Journal, 37, 153-131.
- Soltani, B., 1995, issues of urban planning techniques, publisher: Center for Urban Studies and Iranian architecture.
- Sotoudeh, A. and PurasgharSangachyn, Farzam, 2010, survey reports and performance indicators of environmental sustainability in the years 2005-2008, and the position of Iran, Journal of Environment and Development, Year 1, No. 1, 72-51.
- Sutton, Philip W., 2013, Introduction to Environmental Sociology, translated by: Salehi, S., Publications of Samt in Tehran.
- Valaie, E., 2006, Patterns of behavior in nature (environment) in the Quran and Sunnah, Payanamh doctorate (Ph.D.), Qur'an and Hadith sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, Supervisor doctor Mohamed Ali Lesans Fesharaki.