Explanation of the center of Gravity of rural-urban flows in the direction of regional equilibrium: A case study of Bushehr county

A B S T R A C T
The imbalance in the allocation of resources and development indicators has caused regional and local balance at the national level to face many challenges. These challenges are more pronounced in the southern provinces, including Bushehr province. Therefore, this research aims to present a new model called the gravity center, which can be used to explain rural-urban flows in line with regional balance and to evaluate and analyze force vectors in different dimensions with great accuracy. In order to reduce complex mathematical calculations, the indicators and research components in the three dimensions of economic, socio-cultural, and infrastructure were aligned on the coordinate axes (X, Y, Z), respectively. The present research is of an applied type, considering its purpose, and descriptive-analytical and exploratory type, considering the nature of the research. Regarding the collection of information related to the theoretical foundations of the research and the research background, the library method was used, and the field method was used to collect information to answer the research questions and test the research. The findings of the study revealed that the center of gravity of rural-urban flows can be explained with great accuracy, such that the value of the force vector of the center of gravity of economic flows in the studied areas was (0.244), the center of gravity of socio-cultural flows (0.223), and the center of gravity of infrastructure flows (0.244). The results of the study proved that the value of the force vector of rural-urban flows in the first group is less than the rural areas, and in the second group is more than the center of gravity.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
As we approach the 15th century, rural development in the country continues to encounter numerous challenges. These issues can largely be traced back to the ineffectiveness of both past and present solutions. The solutions implemented so far have not fully addressed the issues present in rural society; while some successes have been achieved in certain areas, they have not been sufficient to create balanced development; as a result, an imbalanced situation persists at the regional and local levels. The present study seeks a new and appropriate pattern and model to explain and examine rural-urban links and flows in line with regional balance. Therefore, the status of rural-urban links at the regional level of Bushehr city is analyzed, and the distance of the force vector of each region is examined and evaluated from the point of view of the support of the model as the spatial vector of rural-urban flows. Thus, in the present study, due to the newness and novelty of the model presented for analyzing rural-urban flow in line with regional balance, it is necessary to conduct necessary investigations regarding the indicators affecting regional balance and the factors affecting its creation that cause the formation of strong links between rural areas and Bushehr city. The main question of the research is as follows:
-Is it possible to present a suitable model for analyzing rural-urban flows in line with regional balance?
The present study is to explain thismodelfor this purpose.
 
Methodology
The current study is applied in purpose and is descriptive-analytical in nature. The study process was based on documentary-library and field surveys based on a questionnaire. The questionnaire related to the components and indicators of regional balance in urban-rural relations in three economic, socio-cultural, and infrastructural-environmental sectors was completed by official statistics. The sampling method and obtaining the sample (households living in the studied rural areas) in the present study is a multi-stage stratified method. Thus, according to the population size and the distance of rural areas from the city center, two strata were determined - from 10 to 25 kilometers and from 25 to 40 kilometers - according to the distance from the city center. After classification, proportional samples were assigned to 380 questionnaires with 71 items.
 
Results and discussion
The findings of the study revealed that the center of gravity of rural-urban flows can be explained with great accuracy, so that the value of the force vector of the center of gravity of economic flows in the studied areas (0.244), the center of gravity of socio-cultural flows (0.223) and the center of gravity of infrastructure flows (0.244) were obtained. The results of the study proved that the value of the force vector of rural-urban flows in the first group of rural areas is less and in the second group is more than the center of gravity to calculate the weight of the indicators of each region, they should be multiplied by the vector of rural-urban flows of different regions, and the result should be divided by the total weight of the indicators of all regions. An important point that should be noted is that in accordance with the theoretical foundations of the study, in order to reduce the costs and complexities related to numerical calculations, one of the studied points can be considered as the center of coordinates, and in this study, Bushehr is considered as the center of coordinates. Thus, according to mathematical rules, the coordinates of Bushehr in the three dimensions of economic, socio-cultural, and infrastructural flows are equal (0, 0, 0). Many studies have addressed the issue of city-rural relations in the form of rural-urban flows and connections. However, given that the gravity center model of rural-urban flows is new and novel and has been used for the first time in this field, the views and opinions of researchers about it have not been evaluated and measured in the form of a scientific article. Therefore, it is hoped that the present study, especially the gravity center model, will be used by other researchers in the near future so that it can be subjected to scientific criticism and its quality can be determined.
 
Conclusion
To study and analyze rural-urban flows, the position of each force vector must be measured relative to the position of the center of gravity. The position of the force vector of rural-urban flows in villages close to the spatial vector of the center of gravity indicates a lack or reduction of the force vector. In other words, villages that are further away from the spatial vector of the center of gravity are in a more suitable situation in terms of development because they include a larger force vector, and the spatial vector of rural-urban flows in such areas is further away from the center of gravity. Suppose villages whose force vector is closer to the center of gravity are developed by strengthening economic, socio-cultural, and infrastructure indicators. In that case, they will certainly have a larger force vector. Their orbital level will be transferred to a spatial vector farther away than before (like electrons that are close to the nucleus and orbit around the nucleus in an orbital; if they receive more energy, they will be transferred to a higher level, and if energy is taken from them, they will fall to lower levels near the nucleus). In other words, their level of development will increase. This means that examining and analyzing the force vector of rural-urban flows at the regional and regional levels can significantly contribute to foresight and regional and spatial development planning and appropriately explain the path of current and future planning.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.