Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Rural Households in Kermanshah Township

Introduction
Adequate nutrition is one of the critical factors in ensuring the health of individuals, families and communities. Food is one of the basic needs of human beings. Rural people produce meat, fruits, vegetables and other food materials. However, there is no evidence that they have a good nutrition regime. In Iran, grains, oils and fats, vegetables and fruits are consumed more than other foods, and animal products, mainly meat and dairy products have a low proportion, especially in rural areas. In general, in rural communities the average consumption of bread, dairy, sugar, grains, oils and fats are more than urban communities and most of their calories is provided by eating these products. Conversely, the average consumption of meat, poultry, fish, fruit and vegetables in urban communities is more than rural communities. Studies have shown that poverty, lack of access to enough food, ignorance, poor dietary habits, inadequate health care and unhealthy environment are the main causes of a poor nutrition. But sometimes people do not concern about their nutrition.
 
Methodology
For producing healthy foods, producers should be healthy and this is primarily dependent on healthy and full nutrition. This study aims to explore whether or not those producing the food in rural areas of Kermanshah Township have inadequate nutrition. The study of nutrition culture of rural people can provide practical recommendations to relevant organizations for improving physical and psychological health of food producers. As mentioned, this descriptive correlation study aims to identify and assess nutritional status and related factors among rural households in Kermanshah Township. Specific objectives of the study are to determine 1. fruit and vegetables consumed by rural families per week, 2. meat, poultry and fish consumed by rural families per week, 3. grain consumed per week, 4. milk and dairy products consumed per week, and 5. factors affecting the nutritional status of rural households. The population of this study is all rural households of Kermanshah Township (N= 36169). 1340 households are surveyed by the multi-stage sampling technique. The Bartlett table is used to determine the sample size. The main instrument for data collection is a questionnaire developed in this research so that its validity is confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability is confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis is conducted in two parts: descriptive and inferential. The mean and standard deviation of analyzed data is used for determining the amount of meat, vegetables, fruit, dairy, bread and etc. The purpose of this section is the amount of food consumed per week by the villagers. The inferential analysis is undertaken to determine factors affecting the supply of nutrition by means of correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. All Analyses are conducted using the SPSS software.
 
Results
According to the findings, 73 percent of the nutrition variability in the rural city of Kermanshah is explained by seven variables including household income, food prices, and the level of nutrition knowledge of household, father's education, mother's education, family members and access to food. The results showed that the consumption of breads, sugars, oils, dairy, cereals and tea during the week has the highest rate among rural households, However, other items such as eggs, potatoes, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplant are consumed modestly during the week and vegetables, meat and fruit have the lowest level of consumption during the week. Factors such as special food culture in the rural region, lack of knowledge of nutrition, poverty and low income, lack of permanent access to food and higher food prices are effective on the low consumption of vegetables, meat and fruit in the rural area of the Kermanshah city. So given the nutrition status of rural households in the study area, it can be concluded that they have difficulty in providing all kinds of food. Due to the impact of nutrition on community health, identification of nutritional status and factors affecting household food basket deficiencies as well as providing solutions to improve nutrition status is of particular importance. This is logical that those who are food producers must have good nutrition. Due to the high influence of income on the nutritional status of villagers it is suggested that the government considers special subsidies for the purchase of food in low-income and poor rural areas in order to tackle nutrition problems. Considering the importance of knowledge and nutritional information on the nutritional status of rural households it is suggested that classes with the aim of raising awareness of nutritional information for rural households to be held.
 
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