Investigating and Analyzing Effective Factors on the Physical Landscape Change of Villages in Metropolitan Areas (Case Study: Northern villages of Mashhad Metropolitan)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Graduate Student of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Literature and Human Science Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Literature and Human Science Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Geography, Literature and Human Science Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Investigation and studying the villages and their physical and visual developments illustrates the involvement of various factors that are sometimes at the discretion of the villagers and others. These factors target the villages in different ways. Landscape change is one of these factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors affecting the physical landscape change in the suburbs of Mashhad metropolis. The research method is a descriptive-analytical and applied one. The statistical population of the study consisted of 13 villages located 5 km north of Mashhad which were determined by GIS software and based on study and sample size. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that includes two groups of internal and external factors as independent variables of research and the indicators of landscape variables as dependent variables. The results of the questionnaire analysis among 228 inhabitants of the study villages show that the landscape and physical landscape changes in most of the studied villages were above average and the most landscape changes were found in Rural Face Change Index. According to the results of Pearson correlation, it was found that there is a significant and direct relationship between internal and external factors with 0.482 and 0.555, respectively. The results of the structural model showed that the variables of national and transnational forces externally with the coefficient of 0. 312 had the greatest impact on the change of physical landscape.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afrakhteh, H., Azizpour, F., Zamani, M. (2014). Metropolitan Connections and Physical-Spatial Transformations of the Surrounding Villages: Mohammad Abad Karaj Village, Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 150, 101-120.
Ahmadi, F. (2011). Physical Structure and Rural Landscape in Desert Areas Causes of Damage and Solutions Case Study of Abyaneh Village, National Conference of EcoDisert, Tourism and Environmental Arts, Najaf Abad, Islamic Azad University of Najaf Abad Branch, https://www.civilica.com/Paper-IAUNAAU01-IAUNAAU01_128.html.
Akbarpour Saraskanrood, M., Najafi, I. (2010). The Concept of Sustainable Development in Rural Environments in the Metropolitan Area (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis), Housing and Rural Environment, 29(130), 64-79.
Akrami, Gh.r., Damiar, S. (2012). A New Approach to Native Architecture in its Structural Relationship with Sustainable Architecture, Journal of Fine Arts, Architecture and Urbanism, 22(1), 29-40.
Akrami, Gh.r., Damyar, S. (2016). A New Approach to Native Architecture in its Structural Relationship with Sustainable Architecture, Journal of Honarhaye ziba, Architecture and Urbanism, 22(1), 29-40.
Alavi, A., Shakeri, Mansour., E., Garousi, A.R. (2016). Spatial Analysis of Urban Creep Formation in Babol City, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of the Zagros Perspective, 9(32), 65-88.
Alizadeh, K., Hataminezhad, H. (2015). the Role of Utilization Systems in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iran (Case Study: Torbat Heydarieh Central District), Journal of Geosciences, 22, 71-87.
Amani, J., Khezri Azar, H., Mahmoudi, H. (2011). Introducing Structural Equation Modeling Using Partial Least Squares - PLS - PM - and its Application in Behavioral Research, journal of Bar khat danesh ravanshenakhti, 1: 41-55.
 AmirEntekhabi, Sh. (2013). Spatial-evolution of Gilan coastal villages (Case study: Ziba Kenar village), Quarterly Autonomous Programming, 2(4), 113-122.
Asghari Lofamjani, S. Nazari, Y., Sargazhi, Z. (2016). the Role of Environmental Constraints on the Development of City-Sp.ace-Spaces and Its Impact on the Surrounding Villages (Case Study: Javanroud Town), Regional Planning Quarterly, 6(22), 177-190.
Balestrieri, M. and Ganciu A. (2018). Landscape Changes in Rural Areas: A Focus on Sardinian Territory, journal of Sustainability (10)123; 1-16. doi:10.3390/su10010123.
Bocock, R. (1993).Consumption, Routledg Publication.
Bonnamour, j. (1973). "Geographic Rurale, Methodes Perspective du Geographie Applicable", Masson Paris.
Danaeei nia, A., Eilbeigipoor, F., (2018). The Characteristics of the Cultural Landscape of the Bakhtiari Nomads and its Impact on the Structure of Nomadic Architecture, journal of Bagh-E Nazar 14(57): 63-74.
Daviran, I., Khodaei, D., Gholami, S., Daneshdost, M. (2012), Measuring the Components of Visual Comfort in Urban Perspective, 1(3), 45-60.
Divandari, J, Khadem Arani, A.r. and Sharifian Jazi, A.H. (2015).Investigation of Architectural Elements and Components Affecting Rural Physical Landscape Case Study of Fences in Rural Residential Space of North of Iran, Third International Congress on Civil, Architecture and Urban Development, Tehran, Permanent Secretariat of the International Congress of Civil, Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University.
Eshrati, P., Hanachi, P. (2015), A New Definition of the Cultural Landscape Concept Based on its Formation Process, Journal of Science and Research, role of the universe, 5(3), 42-50.
Ewing, R., Pendall, R., CHEN, D.D.T. (2002). Maesuring Sprawl and Impact, Washington D.C Smart Growth America.
Farahmand, M., Saeedi Madani, M., Sahandi Khalifeh Kandi, M. (2015), A Comparative Study of Social Integrity between Azari and Kurds (Case Study: Sanandaj and Tabriz Towns), A Study of Social Issues in Iran, 6(1), 95-122.
Georgi Mahalbani, Y., Sartiipipour, M., Tari, M. (2015), Presentation of the Rural Biomass Germplastic Basis for Local Energy Supply (Case Study: Tinouj Qom Village), Journal of Housing and Rural Environment, 156, 15-28.
Gholami, M., Hayati, A. (2013), Investigating the Effect of Authentic Identity on Social Integrity (Case Study: Evin the Neighbourhood, City Of Tehran), Journal of Applied Researches of Geographic Sciences, 13(30), 131-150.
Hosseini, B., Razaghi Asl, S. (2008). Motion and Time in Urban Landscape; Design Ideas and Concepts, International Journal of Engineering Science, Iran University of Science and Technology, Special Letter of Architecture and Urban Design, 19(6), 83 -88.
Iran's Statistics Center, Public Census and Housing Population 1395.
Khakpour, M., Eshghi Sanati, H. (2013). Investigating the Impact of Social and Cultural Factors on the Physical Context of Gilan Villages, Housing and Rural Environment, (148), 3-20.
Kheyreddin, R, Kakavand, E, Omidi, M, (2014). "Assessing the Impact of Green Space Development Using Pocket Parks Approach to Improving the Quality of Historic Landscape of the City (Case Study: Qazvin)", Journal of Journal of Manzar shahr, , 1(2), 7-20.
Khodadad, A. (2011). Studying Architectural Properties of Rural Landscape - Jamaran City, Tehran, MA Thesis, Architectural Studies of Iran, Supervisor: Dr. Majid Salehinia, Advisor: Dr. Mohammad Public, Isfahan University of Art, September 2010 .
Khorasanian, M., Nazarian, A. A. (2016), The Study of the Changes in the City of Tehran and its Impact on Land Use Change in the Villages (Case Study: Land Use Change in Agriculture and Gardens of Islamshahr), Journal of Research in New Attitudes Human Geography, 9(1), 153-168.
Kiani, A., Salari Sardari, F. (2011), The Study and Evaluation of Landscape Priorities of the Public Spaces of Asaluyeh City Using the ANP Model, Bagh Nazar, Research Center for Architecture and Urban Design, Commentary, 18(8), 25-38.
Makhzoumi, J. (2014). "Ecology, Landscape and Landscape Ecology Design", manzar, 7(32), 52-59.
Mansouri, T.A., Jahan Bakhsh, H. (2013). How to Promote the Urban Body and Urban through Restoring the Cultural-Historical Values of the City, Aerospace Programming, 1(3), 89-102.
Mitchell, C.L. (2008). Altered landscapes, altered livelihoods: The shifting experience of informal waste collecting during Hanoi’s urban transition. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.07.006. Geoforum 39 (2008), 2019–2029.
Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Cheraghi, M., Jamshidi, M. K., Emami, M. (2016), Analysis of Economic Indicators Effecting on the Development of Rural Housing Function (Case: Ghani Biglou Village, Zanjan City), Housing and Village Environment, 160. 35-44.
Motiee Langroudi, H. (2011). Rural Planning with Emphasis on Iran, Fifth Edition, 2011, 275, Publishing Jahad University of Mashhad.
Mousavi Shafa'i, M., Nurollahi, Y., Rezaeian Ghayeh Bashi, A., Yousefi, H., Rezaeian, A. H. (2016), Human Security and Challenges of Renewable Energy Development in Iran, Emphasizing Environmental Security, Journal of Science and Technology Environment, 18(2), 168-180.
Nasr, T. (2014), Explaining the Elements of the Authentic Identity of the Traditional Iranian City, Arman Architecture & Urban Development, 10(21), 231-246.
Nassauer, j. i. (2012). Rural landscape change as a product of US federal policy: Globalisation and Agricultural Landscapes: Change Patterns and Policy Trends in Developed Countries, ed. Jørgen Primdahl and Simon Swaffield. Published by Cambridge University Press. #Cambridge University Press 2012. 185–200.
Nekuoei Naini, A. (2016). Explaining the Agricultural Structure of Iran in the Islamic Model of Iran Progress, 5th Iranian Conference on the Progress of Islam, 29th and 30th May, 2016.
Qingjuan, Y., Beia, L.,  Kui, Li. (2011). The Rural Landscape Research in Chengdu’s Urban-rural Intergration Development, Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–00 780 – 788.
Rahmani, B., Saeedi Rad, M., Jalali, M. (2016). Functional Structural Developments of Housing in Rural Settlements around the City of Ashtrynan, Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros Landscape, 8 (28), 147-171.
Rastandeh, A. (2009). Fundamentals of Cultural Landscape in Mountainous Rural Areas in Western Iran (Case Study: Workane Village and Shahrestaneh Village), Human Geographic Research, 42(67), 85-97.
Rezaei Fakhr Astana, F. (2011), Natural Effects of Rural Landscape from the Perspective of Landscape Architecture, Master's Thesis for Landscape Architecture, Supervisor: (Dr. Seyyed Hassan Taghvaei), Consultant: (Dr. Akbar Zargar), Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, December 2011.
Rezvani, M. R., Farhadi, S. (2011), Rural Geography (processes, reactions and experiences of rural rehabilitation): compiled by Michael Woods, translation of Rezvani and Samati, first edition, Tehran University Press.
Sabri, Sirous. (2014), Urban Landscape Design, Publisher: Art of Architecture of the Century, 2014, Tehran Publishing Place, first turn, 2014.
Saeidi, A. (2002). The Basics of Rural Geography", Tehran, Organization for the Study and Compilation of Human Sciences Books of the University (position), 12th edition, winter 2002.
Sartipipuor, M. (2006). Indicators of rural housing architecture in Iran, Journal of Honarhaye ziba. 22, 43-52.
Spiren, A. (2005). Landscape Language, Translated by: Seyyed Hossein Bahreini and Behnaz Amin zadeh, Tehran University Press, Tehran.
Taghavi, A., Golabi, M., Asghari, B. (2014). Investigating the Role of Religious Trends in the Formation and Expansion of the City of Isfahan from the Age of Abbasi Caliphate to the End of the Seljuki Government, Historical Research (Scientific research), 6(1), 71-84.
Taghvaei, H. (2012). Landscape Architecture" An Introduction to the Definitions and Theoretical Foundations, First Edition, Publisher: Shahid Beheshti University Press and Publishing Center 485.
Torquati, B., Tempesta, T., Vecchiato, D., Venanzi, S., Paffarini, CH. (2017). The Value of Traditional Rural Landscape and Nature Protected Areas in Tourism Demand: A Study on Agritourists’ Preferences, Landscape Online 53: (2017), DOI 10.3097/LO.201753. 1-18.
Vahdat, S., Sajjadzadeh, H., Karimi, M. (2015). Explaining the Effective Dimensions of Street View to Improve Landscape Reading of Urban Spaces (Case Study: Central Streets of Hamedan City), Journal of Urban Studies, 4(15). 17-36.
Xiao, H., Liu, Y., Li, L., Yu, Zh. and Zhang, X. (2018). Spatial Variability of Local Rural Landscape Change under Rapid Urbanization in Eastern China, International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(231); 2-16. Doi: 10.3390/ijgi7060231.
Yasouri, M. (Ed). (2007). Introduction to the rural economy (with an emphasis on agriculture), First edition, Publishing Institute (Astan Quds Razavi Publishing House, 852).
Yurdakhani, Mokhtar., Stelaji, Alireza. (2010), The Position of Urban Space Planning for Urban and Rural Settlements with Emphasis on Garmsar City", Journal of Human Geography, 2(4), 153-165.
Journal of Rural Research
Volume 10, Issue 4
March 2020
Pages 684-697

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 February 2019
  • Revise Date: 28 April 2019
  • Accept Date: 09 June 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics