Sustainability Surveys of Tourism Sample Villages Based on Barometric Sustainability and Life cycle Model (Case Study: Borujen County)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

2 MSC. student, Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.

Abstract

Identifying and studying facilities and determining the levels of rural sustainability are the first step in the process of rural planning and development. Today, given the importance of sustainability in development, determining the levels of rural sustainability is unnecessary. In this regard, the use of rural development indicators to achieve the desired goal can be considered. Accordingly, in this article, we have evaluated the sustainability of tourism development in the sample villages of Borujen city. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and methodological descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information was gathered based on documentary and field studies (questionnaire). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics and non-statistical methods (Barometr of Sustainability Radar) were used. The results revealed that the development of rural tourism in the studied villages is generally at the average level of sustainability. The social dimension had a better stability among the other studied dimensions.  Significant differences were found between the studied villages. In general, the Averghan village had the highest and Katak village had the lowest score among other villages. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


Akbarian Ronizi, S. (2016). Assessment of tourism sustainability in tourist villages (case study: Sepidan city). Journal Rural research. Number 1. Pages 193-167.
Akbarian Ronizi, S. & Rezvani, M. (2015). Analysis and explanation of the development of tourism in rural areas. (Case study: Central part of Damavand city). Journal Human Geography Research. Course 48. No. 1. Spring 94. Pages 95-81
Andereck, K., Valentine, K., Knopf, R., & Vogt, C. (2005). Resident’s perceptions of community tourism impacts. Annals of tourism research, 32(4), 1056-1076.
Aytuj, H., & Mikaeili, M. (2017). Evaluation of Hopas Rural Tourism Potential in the Context of European union tourism. Journals Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2017. Pages 234-245.
Azkia, M., Kamvar, N. (2013). Sustainable Tourism Development in Chashem Village, Mahdavi Shahr. Journal of Social Development Studies in Iran, 2013.
Baum, T & Szivas, E. (2008). HRD in tourism: A role for government? Tourism Management, Volume 29, Issue 4, PP. 783-794.
Bel, F., Lacroix, A., Lyser, S., Rambonilaza, T., & Turpin, N. (2015). Domestic demand for tourism in rural areas: Insights from summer stayes in three French regions. Tourism management, 46, 562-570.
Brandth, B., & Haugen, M. S. (2011). Farm diversification in to tourism-implications for social identity? Journal of rural studies, 27(1), 35-44.
Butnaru, G., & Haller, A. (2017). Perspective of sustainable rural tourism in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK): Comparative study of β and σ convergence in the economic development regions, 9(4), 525.
Cassel, S. H., & Pettersson, K. (2015). Performing gender and rurality in Swedish farm tourism. Scandinavian journal of hospitality and tourism, 15(1-2), 138-151.
Devesa, M., Laguna, M., & Palacios, A. (2010). The role of motivation in visitor satisfaction: Empirical  evidence in rural tourism. Tourism management, 31(4), 547-552.
Dong, E., Wang, Y., Morais, D., & Brooks, D. (2013). Segmenting the rural tourism market: The case of potter county, Pennsylvania, USA. Journal of vacation marketing, 19(2), 181-193.
Dutt, C. S., Harvey, W. S., & Shaw, G. (2017). The missing voices in the perceptions of tourism: the neglect of expatriates. Journal of tourism management perspectives, 26, 193-202.
Eusébio, C., Carneiro, M. J., Kastenholz, E., Figueiredo, E., & Da Silva, D. S. (2017). Who is consuming the countryside? An activity- based segmentation analysis of the domestic rural tourism market in Portugal. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 31, 197-210.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.12.006.
Gao, J., & Wu, B. (2017). Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia village, Shaanxi province, China. Tourism management, 63, 223-233.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.04.003
Gartner, W. C. (2005). A perspective on rural tourism development. The journal of regional analysis and policy, 35(1), 33-42.
George, E. W., Mair, H., & Reid, D.G. (2009). Rural tourism development. Localism and cultural change. Tourism and cultural change (17). Bristol, UK: Channel view Publications.
Getz, D., Carlsen, J., Morrison, A. (2004). The family business in tourism and hospitality. Cabi publishing, UK.
Ghanbari, A., Ahmadi, M & Mostafavisaheb, S. (2016). Evaluation and analysis of urban sustainability levels in informal settlements of Mahabad. Geographical space Journal. No 53, Page 97-121.
Gursoy, D., Jurowski, C., & Uysal, M. (2002). Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach. Annals of tourism research, 29(1), 79-105.
Gurung, C. P., & Decoursey, M. A. (2000). Too much fast: Lessons from Nepal’s lost kingdom of mustang, 239-345, USA.
Hall, D. (2000). Rural tourism management: Sustainable options conference. International journal of tourism research, 2(4), 295-299.
Hall, D., Roberts, L., & Morag, M. (2004). New directions in rural tourism. Ashgate, UK.
Hall, C. M., & Page, S. J. (2014). The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, Place and space (4th Ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Heidari Sareban, V., Majnoni, A., & Niromand, S. (2016). Sustainability measurement and evaluation in tourist villages (case study: Ajabshir city). Journal of Jeographia and development. No 46, page: 79-100.
Holmes, J. (2006). Impulses towards a multifunctional transition in rural Australia: Gaps in the  research agenda. Journal of rural studies, 22, 142-160.
Huang, W. J., Beeco, J. A., Hallo, J. C., & Norman, W. C. (2016). Bundling attractions for rural tourism development. Journal of sustainable tourism, 24(10), 1387-1402.
Jafar, M., Rasoolimanesh, S., & Lonik, K. (2015). Toursim growth and entrepreneurship: Empirical analysis of development of rural highlands. Tourism management perspectives, 14, 17-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.02.001
Karami Dehkordi, M., & Kalantari, Kh. (2011). Identification of rural tourism problem in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province using grounded theory technique. Journal of rural research, 2(3), 1-7.
Karami Dehkordi, M., Kalantari, Kh. & Khorasani, M. (2017). Qualitative assessment of rural tourism problems in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province using grounded theory with an emphasis on Dimeh village in Koohrang county. Journal of tourism planning and development, 5, 29-31.
Karami Dehkordi, M., Kohestani Eynoddin, H., & Karbasioun, M. (2015). Qualitative analysis of rural tourism obstacles in by grounded theory technique: Case of Saraghoseied village- Kohrang Township. Journal of regional planning, 5(18), 141-156.
Kastenholz, E., Davis, D., Paul, G. (1999). Segmenting tourism in rural areas: The case of north and central Portugal. Journal of travel research, 37(4), 353-363.
Kline, C. S., Greenwood, J. B., Swanson, J., & Cardenas, D. (2014). Paddler market segments: Expanding experience use history segmentation. Journal of destination Marketing & management, 2, 228-240.
Knowd, I. (2001). Rural tourism: panacea and paradox-Exploring the phenomenon of rural tourism and tourism’s interaction with host rural communities. Geography teacher’s curriculum workshop, University of western Sydney.
Kozec, I. (2012). An Exploratory Assessment of Tourism Sustainability in Croatian Coastal Destinations. EFZG Working paper Series. NO. 04.
Lai, P. H. (2017). Operating Small Tourism Firm in Rural Destinations. Journals Procedia Environmental Sciences. Pages 164-174. 
Liu, A. (2006). Tourism in rural areas: Kedah, Malaysia. Tourism Management, 27(5), 878-889.
Liu, J, Nijkamp, P, & Lin, D. (2017). Urban- rural imbalance and tourism-led growth in china. Annals of tourism research, 64, 24_36.http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.annals.2017.02.005
Lorio, M., & Corsale, A. (2010). Rural tourism and livelihood strategies in Romania. Journal of rural studies, 26, 152-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.10.006
Lun, l., Pechlaner, H., & Volgger, M. (2016). Rural tourism development in mountain regions: Identifying success factors, Challenges and potentials. Journal of quality assurance in hospitality & tourism, 17(4), 389-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2015.1096754
Mahdavi, D., Roknodineftekhari, A & Sajasi, H. (2014). Tourism Development Procedure Assessment of Cultural–Historical Villages by Using Tourism Destination Lifecycle Model. Volume3, Issue 10. Page 11-32.
Mahmidi, B., Feghhi, J., & Makhdum, M. (2015). Evaluation of Sustainability Process in Local Succession Based on IUCN Approach (Case Study: Lordegan County Monch). Journal Natural environment. Natural Resources of Iran. Volume 68. Number 4. Pages 663-653
Muller, D. K., & Jansson, B. (2007). The difficult business of making pleasure peripheries prosperous: perspective on space, place and environment.
Najarzadeh, M., & Nematollahi, M. (2016). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Development of Rural Tourism for Sustainability and Development of Local Communities in Typical Tourism Areas. International Journal of Geographical Society of Iran, 2016.
Nematollahi, M., & Najarzadeh, M. (2015). Measuring the economic, social and environmental sustainability levels in the development of rural tourism. Heritage and Tourism Quarterly.
Park, D. -B., Lee, H. -J., & Yoon, Y.-S. (2014). Understanding the benefit sought by rural tourists and accommodation preferences: A South Korea case. International journal of tourism research,16, 291-302.
Pesonen, J. A. (2015). Targeting rural tourists in the Internet: Comparing travel motivation and activity-based segments.
Journal of travel & tourism marketing, 32(3), 211-226.
Plan and Budget Organization (PBO) of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, 2018
Pourghani, S., Farhangi, A and Mashhadi, S. (2013). Analysis of indicators affecting the development of rural tourism industry. Journal of Governmental Management, No 1. Page 41-46.
Prestholdt, R., & Nordbo, I. (2015). Norwegian landscapes: An assessment of the aesthetical visual dimensions of some rural destinations in Norway. Scandinavian journal of hospitality and tourism, 15(1-2), 202-222.
Rahnamyi, M. T., Mahdi, A & Mahdianbehnamiri, M. (2014). Investigating and analyzing the performance of urban management from the perspective of local participation and citizenship. Urban Management Journal. No 34, Page 221-236.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ringle, Ch. M., Jaafar, M., & Ramayah, T. (2017). Urban vs. rural destinations: Residents perceptions, community participation and support for tourism development. Tourism management, 60, 147-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.11.019.
Roberts, L., Hall, D. (2001). Rural tourism and recreation: Principles to practice. CABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
Roknodineftekhari, A., Mahdavi, D & POrtaheri, M. (2011). Assessing the sustainability of tourism in the historical and cultural villages of Iran with emphasis on the paradigm of sustainable tourism development. Tourism study Journal. No 14. Page 1- 39.
Salvatore, R, Chiodo, E, & Fantini, A. (2018). Tourism transition in peripheral rural areas: theories, issues and strategies. Journal of Annals of tourism research, 68, 41-51. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.11.003
Sharpley, R. (2002). Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: the case of Cyprus. Journal of tourism management, 23, 233-244.
Sharpley, R., & Sharpley, J. (1997). Rural tourism: An introduction. London, UK: International Thomson Business Press.
Sokhanvar, A., ÇiftÇioğlu, S., & Javid, E. (2018). Another look at tourism- economic development nexus. Journal of tourism management perspectives, 26, 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.03.002.
Tavakolinia, F., Saeedifard, N and Sobhani, T. (2016). Assessment and ranking of effective indicators in neighborhood divisions (case of Darkeh and Qeytariyeh neighborhoods of Tehran metropolitan area one). Research and urban planning, NO 7. Page 1-20.
Tosun, C. (2001). Challenges of Sustainable Tourism Development in the Developing World, the case of Turkey. Tourism Management. Vol 22, Pages 289-303
Tugcu, C. T. (2014). Tourism and economic growth nexus revisited: A panel causality analysis for the case of the Mediterranean region. Tourism management, 42, 207-212.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2017). UNWTO Annual report. Spain: World Tourism Organization.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2016). UNWTO Annual report. Spain: World Tourism Organization.
Woods, M. (2003). Rural Geography: Processes, responses and experiences in rural restructuring. London: sage publications
World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). (2018). Travel & tourism economic impact 2018: Iran.
www.Ichto.ir. Iranian Center for Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization
Xue, L., Kerstetter, D., & Hunt, C. (2017). Tourism development and changing rural identity in China. Annals of tourism research, 66, 170-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.07.016
Yarihsar, A. & Heidari Sarban. (2015). Estimation and Evaluation of the Sustainable Rural Tourism Life Cycle (Case Study: Comparative Study of Villages in the Tourism Axes of Tehran and Alborz Provinces). Journal of Rural Planning and Research. Year 6. Number 22. PP. 121-134
Yarihesar, A., Bochani, M & Mohammdi, Z. (2017). Assessing the role of Alborz industrial town in sustainable rural development indicators. Journal of Rural Research. No, 19. Page 61-78.