Identifying and Analyzing the Spatial Pattern of Foreign Immigrant Settlement in the Rural and Urban Environment of Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 PhD Candidate, Department of Political Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

During the past 40 years, Iran has faced vast important demographic changes. Even though Iran has not experienced permanent stability after the Islamic revolution and constantly has dealt with matters such as war, threats, and sanctions, it has been homeward for refugees from neighboring and non-neighboring countries. These refugees originated from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan. Except for these three major groups, there are some immigrants from Turkey, Turkmenistan, Armenia, etc. that inhabit in rural and urban settlements in Iran. Moran's I statistic has been applied to determine the spatial pattern of location selection and local visualization of the pattern, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic employed. The results express that in both rural and urban areas, the aliens' location selection pattern is shifting from concentration to dispread. Furthermore, 33 zones in the hotspot have been found in the local survey of the population composition index, for rural areas. We have also observed 54 zones in the hotspot for urban areas.

Keywords


Abbasi-Shavazi, M J., Glazebrook, D., Jamshidiha, G h., Mahmoudian, H., Sadeghi, R., (2008). Second-Generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity and Return, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit.
Abbasi-Shavazi, M J., Hoseini, H., (2011). Ethnicity and fertility: Explaining fertility behaviors of Kurdish and Turkish women in Urmia City (Persian). Social Science Month Book, 42&43, 25-28.
Abbasi-Shavazi,MJ., Sadeghi, R., (2010). Native-immigrant marriage differentials in Iran: Comparative study of marriage behaviors of Afghan immigrants and Iranians. Journal of Population Association of IRAN, 4(8), 7-37
Alimohammadi, A., (2009). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems and Science (Persian). Tehran, SAMT publishing.
Araghchi, A., (2019). Iran Threatens to Expel Afghan Citizens. www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/475928
Asgari, A., (2011), Spatial Statistics Analyzes with ArcGIS (Persian). Tehran Municipality Information and Communication Technology Organization Publications.
BidAllahKhani, A., Ahmadi, H., Baghian, M., (2011). Pakistan's 2010 Flood Reflection on extremism (Persian). Journal of Subcontinent Researches, 3(9), 7-28.
Eltiaminia, R., Kamran, H., (2015). National Security and the Surrounding Areas of Iran: Challenges to the Front; Case Study: East Iran and Afghanistan (Persian). Geography, 13(47), 325-375.
ESRI (2017), online help. https://doc.arcgis.com/en/arcgis-online/get-started/get-started.htm
Fischer, M., Wang, J., (2011). Spatial Data Analysis: Models, Methods and Techniques. Springer.
Foreign Policy, (1986), Persian Gulf Immigrant Workers. Journal of Foreign Policy, 2, 245-258.
Fotheringham, A.S and Rogerson, A.P (2009), The SAGE handbook of spatial analysis, London.
Getis, A., & Ord, J. k. (1996). Local spatial statistics: an overview. In P. A. Longley, & M. Batty (Eds.), spatial analysis: Modelling in a GIS environment (pp. 261-277). Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Getis, A., & Ord, J. K. (1992). The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24(3), 189-206.
Hami (2012). http://hamiorg.org/1391/06/
Hinman, Sarah E., (2017). Comparing spatial distributions of infant mortality over time: Investigating the urban environment of Baltimore, Maryland in 1880 and 1920. Applied Geography, 86, 1-7.
Hoseini Aref, A., (2010). Floods like tsunami; survey of major flood disaster in Pakistan (Persian). Ganjineh Assembly, 5(41), 5-7.
Jamshidiha, G h., Alibabaei, Y., (2002). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Return of Afghan Migrants Based on Residents of Golshahr Township of Mashhad (Persian). Social Science Letter, 20, 71-79.
Jamshidiha, G h., Anbari, M., (2004). Social belonging and its effects on the return of Afghan Refugees (Persian), Social Science Letter, 23, 43-68.
Koulaei, E., (2001). Soviet Union and Israel, Relations and Orientations(persian). Journal of Middle East Studies, 8(3). 71-112.
Lahsaeezade, A., (1989). Theories of Migration (Persian), Shiraz, Navid publishing.
Malekzadeh, E., (2017). Migration between Iranians and Caucasians in Contemporary Period (from 1285 to 1320) (Persian). National Archives, 3(9), 90-99.
Nobakht, R., Ghasemi, A., Broumandzade, M., (2015). Study of socioeconomic and demographic correlates of fertility behavior of immigrant women (A case study of Afghan women immigrants residing in Parsian and Lamerd cities) (Persian). Social science (Shoushtar), 2(29).
Pahlevan, Ch., (1997). Population Mobility in the Region; A Cultural Approach to the Problem of Population Mobility in the Field of Islamic Civilization (Section III) (Persian). Economic and Political Information, 123 & 124, 147-154.
Population and Housing Census. (2011). Statistical Center of Iran
Population and Housing Census. (2016). Statistical Center of Iran
Sadeghi, R., (2008). The Demographic Characteristics of Foreign Migrants in 2006 Census. Iranian Journal of Official Statistic studies. 20(1), 41-74
Sadri, S., MoeinAbadi, H., Mirzaei, J., (2014). Investigating the Security Threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran from Pakistan(persian), Journal of Defense Policy. 23(89), 9- 38.
Shaterian, M., Ganjipour, M., (2010). The Impact of Afghan Migration on Economic and Social Conditions in Kashan (Persian). Journal of Research and Planning, 1(3), 83-102.
Wang, David w.s, Lee, jay (2001). Statistical Analysis of Geographic Information with ArcViewGIS and ArcGIS, Wiley, USA.
Zanjani, H., (2015). Migration (Persian). Tehran, SAMT publishing.
UNHCR. (2019). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html