Spatial Relationships Analysis between the Concepts of Life Quality, Social Capital and Rural Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Dezful County)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

2 PhD Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate spatial relationships analysis of the concepts of life quality, social capital, and rural entrepreneurship in Dezful County, which was done through the descriptive and analytical methodology and data collection by field and survey methods. To pursue the issue, 147 target villages were selected based on the Cochran formula from 238 in-habited rural areas in Dezful County. The principal research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire containing 250 manifest variables extracted from 23 latent variables in triple concepts. The statistical population consists of 30,032 household heads in the target villages, and questionnaires were randomly distributed among 379 of them based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method. The statistical population consists of 30,032 heads of households in the villages of this county. Ques-tionnaires were randomly distributed based on Cochran's formula and multi-stage sampling method among 379 family heads in the target villages in eleven rural districts of this county. In this research, the analysis of pairwise and general relationships between concepts was done through structural equation modeling (SEM) and investigating the situation of the Dezful's villages in relationships between structures utilizing gray relationship analysis (GRA) and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that the paired relationships of the concepts had a significance level lower than the assumed error rate of 0.05 evaluated as direct and positive. The highest and lowest relation-ships of the constructs belong to the relationship between life quality and social capital and the linkage of life quality and rural entrepreneurship with path coefficients of 0.949 and 0.875. Based on the layers combination of GRA and fuzzy analysis, the nearly two-thirds situation of the target villages is inappropriate in the general relationships of research concepts.

Keywords


Abreu, M., Oner, O., Brouwer, A., & van Leeuwen, E. (2019). Well-being effects of self-employment: A spatial inquiry. Journal of Business Venturing, 34, 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.11.001
Agudelo, M. A. L., Jóhannsdóttir, L., & Davídsdóttir, B. (2019). A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 4(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0039-y
Aguirre, J. C., Peralta Zuñiga, M. L., Mora, P., & Blanco, F. (2021). Innovative entrepreneurship and quality of life: The case of Ecuador. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion, 34(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2020-0076/FULL/XML
Anderson, R. E. (2015). World Suffering and Quality of Life. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9670-5
Auer, A., Von Below, J., Nahuelhual, L., Mastrangelo, M., Gonzalez, A., Gluch, M., Vallejos, M., Staiano, L., Laterra, P., & Paruelo, J. (2020). The role of social capital and collective actions in natural capital conservation and management. Environmental Science and Policy, 107, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.024
Awad, A. G., & Voruganti, L. N. P. (2016). Beyond assessment of quality of life in schizophrenia. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30061-0
Barghi, H., Shayan, M., & Aslani, B. (2018). Determining the social capital role on the formation of villagers entrepreneurship contexts, Case study: Sidan section of Marvdasht city. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 22(1), 54–83. https://hsmsp.modares.ac.ir/article-21-14513-en.html
Barnett, W. A., Hu, M., & Wang, X. (2019). Does the utilization of information communication technology promote entrepreneurship: Evidence from rural China. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.007
Basson, M., & Kwasie, M. O. E. (2019). Entrepreneurship under siege in regional communities: Evidence from Moranbah in Queensland, Australia. Journal of Rural Studies, 66, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.011
Bhuiyan, M. F., & Ivlevs, A. (2019). Micro-entrepreneurship and subjective well-being: Evidence from rural Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 625–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.09.005
Block, J. H., Fisch, C. O., & van Praag, M. (2017). The Schumpeterian entrepreneur: a review of the empirical evidence on the antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship. Industry and Innovation, 24(1), 61–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1216397
Bruni, L., & Porta, P. (2016). Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Happiness and Quality of Life. In Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783471171
Chen, X., Yu, B., Gong, J., Wang, P., & Elliott, A. L. (2018). Social Capital Associated with Quality of Life Mediated by Employment Experiences: Evidence from a Random Sample of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China. Social Indicators Research, 139(1), 327–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1617-1
Chung, L. H., & Gibbons, P. T. (1997). Corporate Entrepreneurship: The roles of ideology and social capital. Group and Organization Management, 22(1), 10–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601197221004
Clausen, T. H. (2020). The liability of rurality and new venture viability. Journal of Rural Studies, 73, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.12.005
Cueto, B., Mayor, M., & Suárez, P. (2015). Entrepreneurship and unemployment in Spain: a regional analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 22(15), 1230–1235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1021450
Deller, S., Kures, M., & Conroy, T. (2019). Rural entrepreneurship and migration. Journal of Rural Studies, 66, 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.026
Di Bella, E., Leporatti, L., & Maggino, F. (2018). Big Data and Social Indicators: Actual Trends and New Perspectives. Social Indicators Research, 135(3), 869–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1495-y
Dias, C. S. L., Rodrigues, R. G., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019). What’s new in the research on agricultural entrepreneurship. Journal of Rural Studies, 65, 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.11.003
Edrisi, A., Hemmati, M. E., & Zolfaghari, A. (2019). Asurvey on social capital dimensions and attitude towards democratic culture. Political Sociology of Islamic World, 7(15), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.22070/iws.2019.4065.1734
Folland, S., & Nauenberg, E. (2018). Elgar companion to social capital and health. In Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785360718
Freire, L. C., & Nielsen, K. (2014). Entrepreneurship Within Urban and Rural Areas: Creative People and Social Networks. Regional Studies, 48(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.808322
Gaddefors, J., & Anderson, A. R. (2019). Romancing the rural: Reconceptualizing rural entrepreneurship as engagement with contexts. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 20(3), 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750318785545
Galvão, A. R., Marques, C. S. E., Ferreira, J. J., & Braga, V. (2020). Stakeholders’ role in entrepreneurship education and training programmes with impacts on regional development. Journal of Rural Studies, 74, 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.013
Gannon, B., & Roberts, J. (2020). Social capital: exploring the theory and empirical divide. Empirical Economics, 58(3), 899–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-018-1556-y
Ghadiri-Masoum, M., Hajipour, M., Qaghozlu, H., & Jouranbian, M. R. (2017). The Analysis of the Role of Social Capital in Risk-Taking and Entrepreneurship of Rural Youth, Case Study: Tonekabon County. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 5(4), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.50281
Ghafari, G. R., Karimi, A., & Nozari, H. (2013). Trend study of quality of life in Iran. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 1(3), 107–134. https://doi.org/10.22059/jisr.2013.36564
Glatz, C., & Fernandez, O. B. (2020). Individual social capital and subjective well-being in urban- and rural Austrian areas. Austrian Journal of Sociology, 45, 139–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11614-020-00399-9
Glatzer, W., Camfield, L., MØller, V., & Rojas, M. (2015). Global handbook of quality of life: Exploration of well-being of nations and continents. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9178-6
Greco, G., Skordis-Worrall, J., & Mills, A. (2018). Development, Validity, and Reliability of the Women’s Capabilities Index. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 19(3), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2017.1422704
Harrison, J. L., Montgomery, C. A., & Jeanty, P. W. (2019). A spatial, simultaneous model of social capital and poverty. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics , 78, 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2018.09.001
Hasan, M. Z., Dean, L. T., Kennedy, C. E., Ahuja, A., Rao, K. D., & Gupta, S. (2020). Social capital and utilization of immunization service: A multilevel analysis in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. SSM - Population Health, 10, 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100545
Haugh, H. M., & Talwar, A. (2016). Linking Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change: The Mediating Role of Empowerment. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(4), 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2449-4
Himanshu, H., Arokiasamy, P., & Talukdar, B. (2019). Illustrative effects of social capital on health and quality of life among older adult in India: Results from WHO-SAGE India. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 82, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.005
Hu, S., & Das, D. (2019). Quality of life among older adults in China and India: Does productive engagement help. Social Science and Medicine, 229, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.028
Hunter, A. G., Chipenda-Dansokho, S., Tarver, S. Z., Herring, M., & Fletcher, A. (2019). Social Capital, Parenting, and African American Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1282-2
Izadi, H., & Barzegar, S. (2014). Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Lessons from the Experiences of China. Journal of Rural Research, 4(4), 901–918. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2013.50423
Kale, A., & Gedik, Z. (2020). Quality of Life in Riot Police: Links to Anger, Emotion Regulation, Depression, and Anxiety. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9667-3
Karimi, H., Gougheri, H. K., Hallaj, Z., & Valizadeh, N. (2018). The effects of Social Capital Components on the Mental Health of Rural and Nomadic Women: A Case of the Members of Micro-credit Funds in Kerman Province. Journal of Rural Research, 9(2), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.22059/JRUR.2017.236368.1131
Kautonen, T., Kibler, E., & Minniti, M. (2017). Late-career entrepreneurship, income and quality of life. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(3), 318–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSVENT.2017.02.005
Kaveh, Z., Javaheri, F., & Nabizadeh, M. R. (2020). A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Social Capital and The Quality of Life among the Elderly Living at Homes and Sanatoriums in Tehran. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 15(29), 33–60. https://doi.org/10.22034/JPAI.2020.243917
Khademi, Z., Safaei, S., & Moradi Shahbaz, N. (2018). he Study of the Relationship between Social Capital and Quality Of Life: Case Study of Women Aged 25-65 Years in Tehran. Journal of Applied Sociology, 29(2), 147–168. https://doi.org/10.22108/jas.2017.75232.0
Khani, F., & Mousavi, S. (2016). Gender related analysis in the process of diffusion of entrepreneurship in rural areas, Case study: Soolaghan Dehestan. Space Economics and Rural Development, 4(14), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.serd.4.14.1
Khazami, N., Nefzi, A., & Jaouadi, M. (2020). The effect of social capital on the development of the social identity of agritourist entrepreneur: A qualitative approach. Cogent Social Sciences, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1787680
Kim, B. J., Chen, L., Lee, Y., & Xu, L. (2019). Quality of life of elderly Chinese immigrants: focusing on living arrangements and social capital. Educational Gerontology, 45(6), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1640973
Koutsou, S., Partalidou, M., & Ragkos, A. (2014). Young farmers’ social capital in Greece: Trust levels and collective actions. Journal of Rural Studies, 34, 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.02.002
Lang, R., & Fink, M. (2019). Rural social entrepreneurship: The role of social capital within and across institutional levels. Journal of Rural Studies, 70, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.03.012
Li, B., Wu, Q., Zhang, W., & Liu, Z. (2020). Water resources security evaluation model based on grey relational analysis and analytic network process: A case study of Guizhou Province. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 37, 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JWPE.2020.101429
Macekura, S. (2019). Whither growth? International development, social indicators, and the politics of measurement, 1920s-1970s. Journal of Global History, 14(2), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022819000068
Mahfud, T., Triyono, M. B., Sudira, P., & Mulyani, Y. (2020). The influence of social capital and entrepreneurial attitude orientation on entrepreneurial intentions: the mediating role of psychological capital. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 26(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.12.005
Malekian, A., & Baradaran, M. (2021). Investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial spirit and quality of work life: The agricultural extension experts in Kermanshah Province as a case study. Journal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development, 8(3), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.22069/JEAD.2021.19540.1534
Menon, R., Crawford, P., Lee, E., & K, Z. Otval. (2018). The coffee shop experience and its associations with social capital and quality of life. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 4(2), 159–180. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2018.092051
Michalos, A. C. (2017). Connecting the Quality of Life Theory to Health, Well-being and Education. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51161-0
Morris, M. H., Santos, S. C., & Neumeyer, X. (2020). Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies. Business Horizons, 63(3), 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.01.010
Mottiar, Z., Boluk, K., & Kline, C. (2018). The roles of social entrepreneurs in rural destination development. Annals of Tourism Research, 68, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.12.001
Mousteri, V., Daly, M., & Delaney, L. (2018). The scarring effect of unemployment on psychological well-being across Europe. Social Science Research, 72, 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.01.007
Muñoz, P., & Kimmitt, J. (2019). Rural entrepreneurship in place: an integrated framework. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(9–10), 842–873. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2019.1609593
Naeimi, A., Rezaei, R., & Mousapour, K. (2019). Analysis of Relationship between Social Capital and Life Quality of Villagers in Khuzestan Province: Emphasizing the Mediator Role of Tourism. Journal of Social Capital Management, 5(4), 523–552. https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2019.264756.1674
Nikolaev, B., Boudreaux, C. J., & Wood, M. (2020). Entrepreneurship and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Psychological Functioning. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 44(3), 557–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719830314
Olinsson, S. B. (2017). Social Entrepreneurship-Committing Theory to Practice. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 225–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2017.1375547
Pato, M. L., & Teixeira, A. A. C. (2016). Twenty Years of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Survey. Sociologia Ruralis, 56(1), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12058
Pennings, J. M. (1982). The Urban Quality of Life and Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Journal, 25(1), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.5465/256024
Pérez-Macías, N., Fernández-Fernández, J. L., & Rúa-Vieites, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention among online and face-to-face university students: The influence of structural and cognitive social capital dimensions. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 19(3), 434–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10843-020-00280-6
Pinto, S., Fumincelli, L., Mazzo, A., Caldeira, S., & Martins, J. C. (2017). Comfort, well-being and quality of life: Discussion of the differences and similarities among the concepts. Porto Biomedical Journal, 2(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.2016.11.003
Pour Taheri, M. (2021). Decision-making methods and techniques in geography (1st ed.). https://www.ghoomes.com/
Rahmanian, M., & Zarei, Y. (2018). Analysis of Individual and Social Constructions Affecting the Development of Rural Entrepreneurship with an Emphasis on the Agriculture Sector in Kamfiruz District of Marvdasht County. Journal of Rural Research, 9(2), 292–307. https://doi.org/10.22059/JRUR.2018.225533.1052
Rastegar, M., Hatami, H., & Mirjafari, R. (2017). Role of social capital in improving the quality of life and social justice in Mashhad, Iran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 34, 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.05.024
Requena, F. (2003). Social capital, satisfaction and quality of life in the workplace. Social Indicators Research, 61(3), 331–360. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021923520951
Reuber, A. R., Dimitratos, P., & Kuivalainen, O. (2017). Beyond categorization: New directions for theory development about entrepreneurial internationalization. Journal of International Business Studies, 48(4), 411–422. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0070-3
Rezaei, H., Rafieeyan, S., & Khakzadian, S. M. (2021). Investigating the Relationship Between Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Orientation with the Mediating role of Cultural Intelligence. Journal of Studies in Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Agricultural Development, 7(4), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.22069/JEAD.2021.19196.1495
Rezaei, K., & Izadi, H. (2019). Entrepreneurship in small agricultural quick-impact enterprises in Iran: development of an index, effective factors and obstacles. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0133-3
Rivera, M., Knickel, K., María Díaz-Puente, J., & Afonso, A. (2019). The Role of Social Capital in Agricultural and Rural Development: Lessons Learnt from Case Studies in Seven Countries. Sociologia Ruralis, 59(1), 66–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12218
Roccas, S., & Sagiv, L. (2017). Values and behavior: Taking a cross cultural perspective. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56352-7
Sadeghloo, T., Heydari Sarban, V., & Gholizadeh, S. (2017). Evaluation of the Development Capacity of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with a Approach to the Development and Diversification of the Rural Economy, Case Study: Rural District of Bezeqi. Journal of Geography and Development, 15(49), 37–58. https://doi.org/10.22111/gdij.2017.3450
Sánchez, Á., Chica-Olmo, J., & Jiménez-Aguilera, J. de D. (2018). A Space Time Study for Mapping Quality of Life in Andalusia During the Crisis. Social Indicators Research, 135, 699–728. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1497-9
Shahraki, H., & Heydari, E. (2019). Rethinking rural entrepreneurship in the era of globalization: some observations from Iran. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0162-6
Shucksmith, M., & Brown, D. L. (2018). Routledge International Handbook of Rural Studies. In Routledge Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315753041
Simon, F. J. G., Botella-Carrubi, M. D., & Gonzalez-Cruz, T. F. (2018). Social capital, human capital, and sustainability: A Bibliometric and visualization analysis. Sustainability, 10(12), 4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124751
Sinha, B. R. K. (2019). Multidimensional Approach to Quality of Life Issues. In B. R. K. Sinha (Ed.), Springer Publishing. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6958-2
Solano, G., & Rooks, G. (2018). Social capital of entrepreneurs in a developing country: The effect of gender on access to and requests for resources. Social Networks, 54, 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.003
Statistical Centre of Iran. (2016). The 2016 National Population and Housing Census. http://www.amar.org.ir
Stoica, O., Roman, A., & Rusu, V. D. (2020). The Nexus between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis on Groups of Countries. Sustainability, 12(3), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031186
Strange, C., Fisher, C., Howat, P., & Wood, L. (2015). Creating a Village in Modern Suburbia: Parenthood and Social Capital. Urban Policy and Research, 33(2), 160–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.969399
Sun, X., Liu, K., Webber, M., & Shi, L. (2017). Individual social capital and health-related quality of life among older rural Chinese. Ageing & Society, 37(2), 221–242. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X15001099
Sutter, C., Bruton, G. D., & Chen, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(1), 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003
Talmage, C. A., Kher, R., & Cooley, C. (2019). Placing Localized Entrepreneurial Hubs in the Field of Community Well-Being. International Journal of Community Well-Being, 2(3–4), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42413-019-00039-5
Tonon, G. (2015). Qualitative Studies in Quality of Life. In Springer Publishing (Vol. 55). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13779-7
Uysal, M., Sirgy, M. J., Woo, E., & Kim, H. L. (2016). Quality of life (QOL) and well-being research in tourism. Tourism Management, 53, 244–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.013
Wentink, C., Vaandrager, L., van Dam, R., Hassink, J., & Salverda, I. (2018). Exploring the role of social capital in urban citizens’ initiatives in the Netherlands. Gaceta Sanitaria, 32(6), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.05.011
Westlund, H., Larsson, J. P., & Olsson, A. R. (2014). Start-ups and Local Entrepreneurial Social Capital in the Municipalities of Sweden. Regional Studies, 48(6), 974–994. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.865836
Wiklund, J., Nikolaev, B., Shir, N., Foo, M. Der, & Bradley, S. (2019). Entrepreneurship and well-being: Past, present, and future. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.01.002
Williams, N., Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2018). Entrepreneurship and Social Capital: Examining the Association in Deprived Urban Neighbourhoods. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 44(2), 289–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12589
Woodside, A. G., Megehee, C. M., Isaksson, L., & Ferguson, G. (2020). Consequences of national cultures and motivations on entrepreneurship, innovation, ethical behavior, and quality-of-life. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2018-0290
Yang, Z., Guo, X., Sun, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Contextual and organizational factors in sustainable supply chain decision making: grey relational analysis and interpretative structural modeling. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(8), 12056–12076. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10668-020-01157-3
Zeng, W., Xiang, L., & Zhang, W. (2020). Evaluation of Life Quality and its Spatial Mismatch with Local Economic Development in Large Chinese Cities. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(1), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9674-4
Zhang, L., Jiang, W., & Tang, Z. (2019). Study on the promotion effect of informationization on entrepreneurship: an empirical evidence from China. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0171-5
Zhu, Y., Lan, H., Ness, D. A., Xing, K., Schneider, K., Lee, S.-H., & Ge, J. (2015). Transforming Rural Communities in China and Beyond. In Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11319-7