Spatial Analysis of Rural Settlement in Borderline Areas of the Country Using a Passive Defense Approach (Case Study: Rural Settlements in Piranshahr County)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Political Geography, Farabi University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

One of the undesirable consequences of the country's development policies in the border areas is the rupture in the spatial structure, which reflects these policies in the form of disruption of the balance in the endogenous growth of settlements at different levels, disorder in the spatial system of the complex human problems and discontinuity in spatial relations and disorder in economic, social, cultural, administrative and physical functions and finally geographical isolation and underdevelopment are evident. With an overview, it is possible to find the weak position of the border and marginal regions in comparison with the central regions of the country in the process of spatial development, comprehensive security and social justice. The current research with the statistical population of rural settlements in Piranshahr City in West Azarbaijan province is of a practical application type, with a descriptive-analytical method, a systemic problem-solving approach and library-documentary and survey-field information collection tools based on rural development plans. And the emphasis on the passive defense approach has been done as a security-building and defense-oriented approach. The spatial findings were analyzed by GIS and using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy logic. The obtained results indicate that out of 147 villages of the city, more than 60 villages, which constitute more than 40% of the population of rural areas, are very vulnerable. Also, the highest level of vulnerability is observed in the rural settlements of three western Lahijan, Piran and Western Mangur districts, which are border districts.

Keywords


Ali Firouzi, M., Mohammadi De Cheshme, M., Nazarpour Dezaki, R. (2014). measuring the vulnerability of special uses from the point of view of passive defense in Ahvaz metropolis (case example: health and medical use), master's thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Faculty of Geosciences and GIS Department of Geography and Urban Planning. (In Persian).
Bahrampour, A., Malek-Afzali, A.A. (2018). The role of the "safety and security" component of urban spaces in children's attendance; Case study: Fatemi neighborhood in district 6 of Tehran, Motaleat-e Shar-e Irani-Eslami Quarterly, 9th year, 32nd issue, 39-49 (In Persian).
Daei-Njad, F., Aminzadeh, B., Hosseini, S. B. (2018). principles and guidelines for designing and equipping the open space of residential complexes for the purpose of passive defense, Markaz Tahghighat Sakhtemen va Maskan publications, first edition, number 440. (In Persian).
Elias Zadeh Moghadam, N., Zabetian, E. (2011). investigation of urban planning indicators effective in improving women's safety in public spaces with a participatory approach, case example: the central part of Tehran, Honarhaye Ziba Journal - Architecture and Urban Development, Volume 2, Number 44, 56-43(In Persian).
Esmaeili Shahrokh, M., & Taqvaei, A. A. (2011). evaluation of city vulnerability with passive defense approach using Delphi method. Case example: Birjand City, Modiriat Shahri Journal, No. 28, Tehran (In Persian).
Farzad Behtash, M. R., Agha Babaei, M. R., Agha Babaei, M. T. (2012). Concepts of passive defense in urban management with an emphasis on the city of Tehran, Danesh Shahr Magazine, No. 37, 109-125. (In Persian).
Fathi, S. (2012). An analysis of social relations in sustainable urban space, Motaleate Tose'e Ejtemaei Iran Journal, 4th year, 4th issue, 1-18. (In Persian).
Haji Ebrahim Zargar, A., Mesgari Hoshiar, S. (2008). Passive defense in architecture; A solution to reduce vulnerability to accidents, the third international conference on comprehensive crisis management in unexpected natural disasters, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/33337. (In Persian).
Haji Fathali, F., Baqir Attaran, M. (2018). Analysis of the spatial imbalance of distribution of economic and social services in the villages of Qazvin province, Rural Development Strategies, Volume 5, Number 2, Serial Number 18, 267-285. (In Persian).
Hakim Doost, S. Y., Moradi, M., Rostami, Sh., Nazari, A. H. (2018). Spatial analysis of livability in the border villages of Hirmand city with emphasis on passive defense, Eghtesad Ghaza va Tose'e Roustaei Quarterly, Volume 7, Number 26, 101-126. (In Persian).
Hashemi Shaharaki, S. J., Ali Akbar, S. (2012). Optimal location of places from the point of view of passive defense, the first conference on urban planning and architecture with the approach of passive defense. (In Persian).
Hosseini Amini, H., & Asadi, S., Barnafar, M., & Rabbani, T. (2013). Analysis of urban land use zoning in district 11 of Tehran city in order to provide passive defense solutions, Motaleat Modiriat Shahri Quarterly, 3rd year, 7th issue, Tehran. (In Persian).
Jacobs, J. (1961). Death and life of Great American cities, London: Jonathan Cape
Jafari, Kh., Mesgarzadeh, S., Mirzakhani, M. (2018). Factors affecting the social security of Tabriz citizens, Sociological Studies, 10th year, 38th issue, 61-83. (In Persian).
Kamran, H., Parizadi, T., & Hosseini Amini, H. (2012). Spatial organization of the border areas adjacent to the Iran-Pakistan border with a non-active defense approach, Urban Research and Planning Journal, second year, fifth issue, Tehran (In Persian).
Kelly, E., Damian, C. D. (2009). Securing the Built Environment: An Analysis Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana.
Khanbabai Saatlo, R., Ahmadi, Q., Mousavi, M. S. (2019). Presenting an analytical model for passive defense of cities (case study: Urmia city), Protection and Security Research, Volume 8, Number 30, 149-178. (In Persian).
Khorrambakht, A. A. (2016). Analysis of passive defense approach in village location selection with emphasis on natural components (case study: central part of Larestan city), Pajouhesh'haye Goghrafiaye Entezami Journal, Volume 5, Number 19, 48- 25. (In Persian).
Lennard, H.L. (1997). The good city for children.international Making Cities livable council, (L.S.H.Crowh urst et al Eds), California,U.S.A.
Lopes, M. N., & Camanho, A. S. (2013). “Public Green Space Use and Consequences on Urban Vitality: an Assessment of European Cities”, Springer, vol. 113, no.
Mokhtarpour, M., Manteghi Fasaie, A. (2017). Explanation of Cultural-Management Factors Affecting the Increase in Social Crimes Resulting from the Physical-Physical Development of Tehran City, (Study Case: District 19 of Tehran City), Tose'e Ejtemaei Iran Journal, 10th Year, 3rd Issue, 119-135. (In Persian).
Mousavi, S. Y., Safari, S. (2016). Urbanism growth and neighborhood sense of belonging, Urban and Regional Development Planning Quarterly, first year, number 3, 31-62. (In Persian).
Parizadi, T., Hosseini Amini, H., & Shahriari, M. (2011). Review and analysis of "passive defense" measures in Saqqez city in an analytical approach, Modiriat Shahri Quarterly, No. 26, Tehran. (In Persian).
Rezvani, A. (2016). Soul of the city, redefining the city, space, urban space and determination of spirit-giving indicators, Memari Sabz Quarterly, second year, number four, 55-79. (In Persian).
Saremi, H., & Hosseini Amini, H. (2012). Protection of urban facilities and equipment with optimal use of the natural environment in the city with a passive defense approach. Case example: Boroujard city, Motaleat Modiriat Shahri Quarterly, 3rd year, 6th issue, Tehran. (In Persian).
Salehi Asl, M. (2012). Passive defense solutions with an emphasis on aerial threats, case study: Shiraz railway station, master's thesis in the field of passive defense engineering, design orientation, Imam Hossein University (AS). (In Persian).
Shakiba Manesh, A., Hashemi Fesharaki, S. J. (2012). Urban design from the perspective of passive defense, Tehran: Boustane Hamid Publications. (In Persian).
Soleimani, A., Aftab, A., Majnouni Totakhana, A. (2018). Spatial structure of rural settlements in the border areas of Iran and Turkey with passive defense approach, Etela'at Goghrafiaei Journal, Volume 27, Number 106, 227-213. (In Persian).
Soltani, L., Beyk Mohammadi, H., Heydari, S. (2016). Spatial analysis of the sense of security in urban neighborhoods (case study: Quds city), Strategic Researches of Social Issues of Iran, Volume 5, Number 3, Serial Number 14, 87-104. (In Persian).
Statistical Center of Iran. (2016). General Population and Housing Census, West Azarbaijan Province
Tayebi Safa, A., Ezzati, E., Hamzeh, F. (2022). Presentation of indicators of military centers and establishments; Case study: Kermanshah Province, political analysis of space, Tarbiat Modares University Publications, volume 4, number 2, 99-111. (In Persian).
Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of LIFE”, The American Journal of Sociology, July, Volume XLIV, Number 1, 1-24.