network analysis of rural settlements relationship in Jiredeh, Shaft

Introduction
A region is not a scattered and unconnected settlement system, but an interconnected network of social, economic, and physical relations. This communication process is formed through the relationships between rural areas and the urban network. New development paradigms consider networks and flows. A network is a set of connecting points of villages and cities or interconnected rural-urban nodes, which shows the system of dependencies and internal and external communication links of villages and cities with each other. In terms of topography, Shaft city is divided into three parts: plains, foothills and mountains. The study area of the research is located in the plains of the city. The plainness of the studied area means that the flows formed in the area do not face certain natural obstacles and the flow of people, goods, services, etc. can be moved more easily. In this way, Shaft city is a collection of rural and urban connection points, and part of the population is moving in and out of the region. Undoubtedly, these spatial flows between settlements have created a network of flows in the region and formed a pattern that is specific to the target area. Based on the perspective of the regional network, the current research evaluates the amount of interactions and types of flows between the villages of the village of Jirdeh and the city of Shaft and seeks to answer the question, what is the state of network relations in the rural settlements of Shaft?
Methodology
Using a network approach, this research examines rural and urban settlements and rural-urban flows in the study area. The method of collecting information is using a questionnaire tool that is completed by experts and villagers or councils of the villages in question. The statistical population of this research includes 32 villages in the village of Jirdeh Shaft and the city of Shaft. The collected data has been analyzed using UCINET software.
Results
The value of density index for the above-mentioned is 0.1656 or 16.56%. Out of 930 possible links, only 154 links have been realized. It means that only 16.56% of the villages and the city of Shaft have a relationship and cooperation, which means that the network will be fragile. The Transitivity value for the sharing of all indicators is 51.99%, which means that it is possible to establish communication between each village with a third party, and in fact, fifty percent of the villages are responsible for the role of mediator or bridge of communication. The amount of Reciprocity in relation to the sharing of indicators is 0.1667 or 16.67%. That is, only 16.67% of the villages have a two-way relationship with each other, which indicates the lack of moderation at the network level. In general and according to the distance of the villages from the city of Shaft, 0.227 or 27% of the villages show an out-group relationship. If we make Shaft a criterion and measure the distance of the villages from the city of Shaft, we can see cohesion, interaction and out-group cooperation among the villages. There is.
Discussion
In order to answer the main question of the research, it was done to measure the relationship between the settlements of Jirdeh using a questionnaire implemented between 33 villages of Jirdeh and the city of Shaft. The information obtained by different tests was analyzed at three macro, medium and micro levels. The closer we look at the results of the tests, the less cohesion and cooperation of the network at the village level, for example, the low number of density at the network level or the low level of reciprocity, which shows that the two-way relationship at the level of the village is very low, and most of the flows are one-way and towards the city. . Especially in cases related to facilities and services, this shaft has high gravity and centrality. Therefore, the shaft can be considered similar to the central regions of the center-periphery model.

Conclusion
In Jirdeh, by studying the spatial flows: people, goods, capital, services, information, which in this research has been examined in the form of several indicators in the form of educational, cultural, administrative, economic, healthcare, demographic, service and technology, and the following results Extracted:
- The centrality of Shaft city in the form of a polar pattern
- Aggregation of activities, services and offices in Shaft city
- The dependence of the villages of Jiredeh on the city of Shaft, especially in terms of education
- The majority of the people of the village visit Shaft city at least once a week (for example, to attend Dushanbe Bazaar).
-Jirdeh benefiting from facilities and services that other villages do not have.
- The operation of Jirdeh as a small growth area for neighboring and surrounding villages
- Lack of proper planning so that some villages do not have a leader plan.
- The villages with a short distance from the city of Shaft, which are less than 5 minutes away from the city, are very poor in terms of services and facilities and are dependent on the city of Shaft.
- The flows are one-way and two-way and complementary flows have not been formed.