Analysis and Measurement of Effective Barriers to the Realization of Rural Tourism Sustainability (Case Study: Oraman District of Sarvabad County)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor ,Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Social and Law, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Geomorphology, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 MSc. in Geography and Rural Planning, Payame Noor University & Secretary of Education in Marivan County, Marivan, Iran.

Abstract

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of type, and information gathering; it combines documentary (library) and field methods (based on questionnaire distribution, observation, and semi-structured interviews). The research approach is a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The statistical population includes local people and tourism experts, service owners, and rural development officials of the region. The working method was as follows: firstly, in the qualitative part, to identify the most important obstacles affecting the sustainability of Oraman tourism, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the group of service owners, specialists, and officials, using the snowball sampling method and the theoretical technique. Fundamental analysis was done and in the next stage using inferential statistics tests (one-sample t and path analysis), the identified obstacles in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire and random distribution among 310 heads of households living in the target villages of the tourism in the region, whose number was determined by Cochran's method from the size of the community to 1110 people, and 60 people from tourism service owners, tourists, experts, and regional development officials were approved. The research results summarized the most significant obstacles and challenges for the sustainability of rural tourism in the Oraman region in four dimensions: economic inadequacies, social inadequacies, institutional inadequacies and weaknesses, and physical-environmental inadequacies. and the lack of attention and proper government supervision with /486 was the most effective. in the instability of tourism in the region.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Aghajani, M,. & Ataii, A. (2014). The role of tourism in changing the function of villages with an emphasis on sustainability indicators (case study: Arba Kaleh and Lersanur villages in Ramsar county), Geography and Environmental Studies Quarterly, 3(11)7-21. (In Persian)
Ainali, J., & Romiani. A. (2010). Review of the Environmental Impacts of Second Homes Tourism in Rural Development from the Perspective of the Local Residents Case Study: Hesar Vali-e- ASR County– Avaj Township), Journal of Geographical Notion, 4(7), 126-142. (In Persian)
Akbaryan Ronizi S. R. (2016). Assessment of tourism sustainability in tourism target villages (Case study: Sepidan County), Journal of Rural Research, 7(1), 167-181. (In Persian)
Akbaryan Ronizi, S.R., & Rezvani, M.R. (2015). Analysis of the Sustainability of Tourism Development in Rural Areas (Case Study: Central District of Damavand County), Human Geography Research Qurterly, 47(1), 81-95.(In Persian)
Amiryan, H. (2010). Sustainable tourism assessment An assessment of biophysical conditions and their implications. Retrieved from https: //www .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204361.
Anderson, W. (2011). Linkages at Tourism Destinations, Retrieved from: www.awotta.org.
Azami, M., Jalilian, S., & Amni, N. (2015). Analyzing the Socio-economic and Environmental Effects of Rural Tourism (Case Study: Navareh Village), Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 4(14),154-174. (In Persian)
Basmanji, B., & Haydari, R. (2012). Investigation of Relation between Sustainable Tourism Development and Social Security and the Investment, Journal of  East Azerbaijan Police Science, 2(7), 82-95.
Bayat, N. (2014). Presentation of the management model of tourism effects in rural areas (Case study: Lower Kamazan village of Malair county), PhD dissertation in geography and rural planning, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Brown, C. (2004). Steps to planning a sustainable future for tourism, heritage and the environment ,Department of the Environment and Heritage Australia. Edition 1 June 2004.
Butler, R. (1993). Rural Tourism: Panacea and Paradox.This abridged version produced for Geography Teachers’ Curriculum Workshop hosted.
Charles, D. (2013). Sustainable tourism in the Caribbean: The role of the accommodations sector, International Journal of Green Economics, Volume 7(2), 157-146.
Danaei Fard, H., & Zangoi nejad, D. (2009). Managerial meritocracy theory based on data-foundation theory strategy: An interpretation of Nahjol-Balagha, Business Research Quarterly, 1( 47), 243-267. (In Persian)
Elder, S. (2009). Sampling methodology. ILO school-to-work transition survey: A methodological guide, Module 3, International Labour Organization.
Fallatah, H. (2012). Women Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia: Investigating strategies used by successful Saudi women entrepreneurs, A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Management at Lincoln University.
Fiksel, J., Eason, T., Frederickson, H. (2012). A Framework for Sustainability Indicators at EPA. National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development for future tourism development. Journal of Environmental Management, 85,pp 999 – 1008.
Firozjaei, N., & Ghadami, M. (2012). Evaluation of destination tourism development in the framework of sustainability (case study: Temshekel, Tankabon County), Geographical Research Quarterly,27(104), 78-91. (In Persian)
Ghasmi. M.R. (2012). Tourism as a system: the example of Mashhad, Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 9(17), 31-2. (In Persian)
Ghobadi, P. (2011). Rural tourism as a tool for rural development, Dehiariha educational, research and promotional monthly, 34, 13-25. (In Persian)
Hajaryan, A. (2022). Analysis of Themes Affecting Sustainable Rural Tourism in Rural Areas of Isfahan Province, Tourism Management Studies,17(59), 115-151. (In Persian) 
Heinberg, R. (2010). What Is Sustainability?, Post Carbon Institute ,at: http: // www .postcarbonreader.com. Heinberg_WhatIsSustainability.pdf (aalto.fi)
Holding, T. (2012). Environmentally sustainable tourism strategic plan. published by the Victorian government, Melbourne, Victoria indicators  the   case  of  Armenia. polytechnic  institute   of  viana do  castelo. Environmentally_Sustainable_Tourism_Plan.pdf (wikieducator.org)
Ignacio, J. (2009). Measuring tourism sustainability: proposal for a composite index, Tourism Economics, 15 (2), 277–296.
Imani, B., Yari Hesar, A., Hajbani, H. (2022). Challenges Facing the Development of Rural Tourism, A Case of Villages in the Central Part of Meshginshahr, Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, 11(43),23-36. (In Persian)
Irandu, E. (2013). Sustainable Tourism Development on Kenya's Coast: A Hospitality Sector View, An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 17(2),189-209.
Kasahun Assefa, T. (2022). Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Sustainable Tourism to the Local Communities, Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 11(3), 1-8.
Kazmi, M. (2011). Tourism management, Samt Publications, Tehran. (In Persian)
Khoshnevis Yazdi. (2012). Sustainable Tourism, American International Journal of Social Science,  1(1) ,56-50.
Kostas, E. (2002). Rural Tourism: An opportunity for sustainable development of rural areas, Retrieved from: http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca /$Department/deptdocs.nsf/all/csi 13476/$FILE/Rural-Tourism.pdf.
Kurum Varolgüneş, F., Çelik, F., María de la Cruz, M., & José Álvarez,G. (2022). Reassessment of sustainable rural tourism strategies after COVID-19 ,Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-13. 
Mamhoori, A., & Saboohi, N. (2015). Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Analyzing the Role of Stakeholders, Proceedings of GLOGIFT , 13, 1078-1085.
Manochehri, S. (2014). Analysis of the factors affecting the development of rural tourism to realize sustainable development (case study: Khavomirabad section of Marivan county), master's thesis in geography and rural planning under the guidance of Dr. Hossein Farahani, Zanjan University. (In Persian)
McKercher, B. (2003). Sustainable tourism development - guiding principles for planning and management , Presentation to the National Seminar on Sustainable tourism Development Bishkek, Kyrgystan, November 5 – 9. 
Mills, J., Bonner, A., & Francis, K. (2006). The Development of Constructivist Grounded Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1),1-10
Mohseni, R. (2009). Sustainable Tourism in Iran: Functions, Challenges and Solutions, Geographical Space Quarterly,9(28) , 171-149. (In Persian)
Movahdi, R., Sepahvand, F., Rahimian, M. (2021). Identifying Development Strategies for Sustainable Rural Tourism Capabilities (Case Studied: rural of Khorramabad town),Tourism Management Studies, 16(55),233-256. (In Persian)
Neto, F. (2003). A new approach to sustainable tourism development: moving beyond environmental protection natural resource, at: www.un.org .
Niedziolka, I. (2013). Sustainable tourism development, Regional Formation and Development Studies, No. 3 (8), 165-157.
Rezvani, M.R, Akbaryan ronizi, S.R, Roknadineh Eftekhari, A.R., & Badri, S.A. (2012). Explanation on Sustainability Indicators for Assessing the Effects of Tourism Patterns in Rural Areas in Around Metropolises (Case study: Rural Areas in the Around of Tehran Metropolis), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 44(3), pp 69-94 
Roknadin Eftekhari, A.R., Mahdavi, D., & Portahari, M. (2010).localization process of sustainable development indicators of rural tourism in Iran,  Journal of Rural Research, 1(4), 1-41.(In Persian)
Roknadin Eftekhari, A.R., & Ghadri, I. (2002). Criticism of rural tourism in rural development, Modares Humanities Quarterly, 6(2), 23-41. (In Persian)
Roknadin Eftekhari, A.R., Mahdavi, D., & Portahari, M. (2011).Evaluation of tourism sustainability in historical-cultural villages of Iran with emphasis on sustainable tourism development paradigm, Tourism Management Studies, 5(14), 1-39. (In Persian)
Sharpley, R. (2009). Tourism Developmentand the nvironment: Beyond Sustainability, publishing for a sustainable future London.
Tayeb Nia, H., Mohammadi, S., & Manoochehri, S. (2016). Evaluation of the effects of tourism development on changes in the quality of life of villagers (case study: Oraman district of Sarvabad district), Journal of Rural Research and Planning, 5(1),163-179.(In Persian)
Theron, P. (2015). Coding and data analysis during qualitative empirical research in Practical Theology, In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi, 49(3), 1-9.
UNEP. (2005). The 10YFP Programme on Sustainable Tourism, at: www. Unep . org/10yfp/tourism.
White, V., & Blackstock, K.L. (2006). Indicator sustainable development, The Macaulay Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen, at: www .macaulay.ac.uk.
World Tourism Organizatio (WTO). (2005). Making tourism more sustainable, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics.
Yarihesar, A., & Bakhtar, S. (2016). Application of Alen Prescott stability Measurement model in analysis rural sustainable tourism Case study: Nir county-Ardabil province,Journal of Regional Planning, 6( 22), 121-134. (In Persian) 
Zahdi, Sh. S., & Najafi, Gh. A. (2006). Conceptual development of sustainable development, Modares Humanities Quarterly, 10(4), 44-76.(In Persian)
Journal of Rural Research
Volume 15, Issue 1
June 2024
Pages 94-111

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 19 November 2023
  • Accept Date: 30 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics