Analyzing the role of tourism in the reconstruction of rural areas(Study area: villages of Torgabeh-Shandiz city)

Introduction

In order to explain the nature of recent rural changes, researchers adapted a multidimensional theoretical framework in which rural changes are considered as consequences related to technical, economic and social changes on a global scale. A view that has become known as "rural reconstruction". The idea of rural reconstruction is to see rural changes as a multifaceted and interdependent phenomenon that is not limited to only a few aspects of reality. In other words, it takes a skewed view of rural change, where everything is connected to everything else, thereby blurring the boundaries between different dimensions. Thus, the main advantage of the reconstruction approach is its multidimensional perspective, which, at least in theory, aims to fully explain rural change. Among the different approaches that exist for the reconstruction of villages, some of them are related to the development of tourism and its role in reconstruction. These approaches consider the conversion of villages to tourism and its development to be effective in the reconstruction of these areas. Therefore, the development and promotion of this type of tourism is of particular importance, because in today's situation and in spite of various factors, tourism, in addition to guaranteeing the survival and stability of villages, is also effective in its longevity and population attraction. Rural tourism is also an important part of the rural revitalization strategy. In this regard, the growth and development of rural tourism with the aim of rebuilding and revitalizing the rural areas of Iran, due to the diversity that the villages of Iran have, has a special place in the vision document of the Iranian tourism industry. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of tourism and its impact on the reconstruction of the economy, culture, body, environment and functions of the villages of Targabeh- Shandiz city by answering the following question: According to the mentioned changes, to what extent and to what extent tourism development has led to the reconstruction of the studied villages.



Methodology

The research method is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on its nature, and data collection was done by documentary and field method through researcher-made questionnaire. In this regard, to investigate the level of reconstruction and the effects of tourism on the reconstruction of the studied villages, a questionnaire with 5 dimensions, 20 indicators and 66 items in the form of a 5-point Likert scale was prepared and distributed among the villagers and completed. To determine the sample size, after determining the statistical population, first, among the 52 villages of Binalood city, 14 villages from among the touristic villages located in Torqabeh Shandiz cities should be selected as sample villages. In the second step, the sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula. The total number of households in the studied villages, which were selected as the sample community in the village unit, is 4470 households, and based on Cochran's calculations, with a desired deviation or error of 0.06%, the total number of questionnaires was 255 households, which in the subsequent supplementary calculations of this By increasing the number of samples below 10 to 7 and 10, this number changed to 277 questionnaires.

Results

The findings obtained from the final evaluation of the impact of variables and indicators on each other and the evaluation of the effects of tourism development on the reconstruction and revitalization of the studied villages in the framework of the equation model show that the rate of growth and development of tourism on all the studied components except for the two components of environmental reconstruction And the reconstruction of the agricultural system has a significant positive effect, and it also has a significant negative effect on the component of the reconstruction of environmental effects. The results of the correlation coefficient test indicate the existence of a significant and direct relationship between the two variables of tourism development and its effects on the reconstruction of rural areas. So that the increase of each leads to the aggravation of reconstruction and its consequences.

Discussion

Today, the reconstruction of rural areas is needed as a national effort to position the country's rural areas. This effort provides investments that complement local efforts, helping to make local economies more resilient and ensuring that our rural communities are places where everyone can live, work, raise a family and retire. Achieving these conditions depends on the reconstruction of the village in different dimensions, It means that cultural and moral progress should be promoted and beautiful villages should not only have machines and equipment to improve efficiency and free the hands of farmers, Rather, they should have a cultural heritage in accordance with the history and culture of the village, and none of them should be lost in the reconstruction and revival of the village.

Conclusion

Reconstruction is a set of extensive transformations and changes that transform the previously dictated or known structures and reproduce the spaces with new identifiers or previously transformed identifiers. Many internal and external factors and drivers may cause these transformations and reproduction of space by their own will or planned or sometimes spontaneously, and tourism is one of these spatial drivers. According to many studies, tourism can transform previously formed structures or frameworks in different demographic, economic, physical and spatial dimensions, and based on this change of structures, transform the spatial functions at different local, regional and extra-regional levels. Of course, reconstruction cannot be considered as a positive or negative process as a whole, Because according to the definitions provided, the developments that transform the functional and semantic structures may lead to negative or positive conditions in the long run.