Analyzing the Impact of Tourism Development on the Reconstruction of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Torghabeh-Shandiz City)

Document Type : Thesis Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanitie, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Today, rural tourism plays an important role in rural socio-economic development. This role has brought structural transformation of many villages, which can be mentioned as one of the causes of rural reconstruction. The present study aims to analyze the role of tourism in the reconstruction of rural areas and its dimensions and consequences in the studied villages. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of execution method. In this study, first, the touristic villages were identified and 14 villages were selected from among them, and then 277 households were determined as the sample size using Cochran's formula with an error of 0.06% and studied by simple non-random sampling. The findings obtained from the analysis of the structural equation model show that the growth and development of tourism has a significant positive effect on all the studied components, except for the two components of reconstruction of environmental thought and reconstruction of the agricultural system, And it has a significant negative effect on the reconstruction component of environmental effects. The results of the correlation test indicate the existence of a significant and direct relationship between the variable of tourism development and its effects on the reconstruction of rural areas. Also, the growth and development of tourism has the greatest impact on the transformation of the communication situation from the physical dimension. Based on the results of the research, the improvement of planned tourism development can largely provide the basis for the favorable and useful reconstruction of rural areas and reduce its negative effects on these ecosystems.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Aligholizadeh Firoozjaei, N. (2018). the effects of rural tourism development on the agricultural sector (case study: plains villages of Mian Band District, Noor County). Tourism Planning and Development, 8(3), 111-124. (In Persian)
Amidi, A. (1999). Sampling theory and its applications (vol. 1). Editor: Mohammad Reza Meshkani, Publisher: Academic Publishing Center, 1st edition. (In Persian)
Azimi, F., & Avetisyan, S. (2017).  On the Status of Rural Tourism and Tourism Economy in Iran. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7 (1), 71-77. 
Babaei, M., Basiri, M., Bodraq Nejad, A. (2018). Population analysis and socio-economic development trends of Pirashhari villages in Uroomieh city. Journal of Suburban Space Development, 1(1), 139-150. (In Persian)
Bakhsh Baloch, Q., Shah, S.N., Iqbal, N., Sheeraz, M., Asadullah, M., Mahar, S., Umar Khan, A. (2023). Impact of tourism development upon environmental sustainability: a suggested framework for sustainable ecotourism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 5917–5930.
Faal Jalali, A., Ghasemi, M. (2018). Analysis of the trend of land use changes in tourist destination villages between 1386 and 1396 (case study: Binalood city). Tourism Planning and Development, 8(2), 105-125.(In Persian)
Galdini, R. (2005). Urban Regeneration Process-The Case of Genoa, an Example of Integrated urban Development Approach, 45th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society", 23-27 August 2005, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Hair, Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Second Edition, ISBN 9781483377445 (pbk.)
Han, D., Qiao, J., Zhu, Q. (2021). Rural-Spatial Restructuring Promoted by Land-Use Transitions:A Case Study of Zhulin Town in Central China. Land, 10(3), 234. 1-27. 
Hedlund, M. (2013). Rural restructuring and its socioeconomic manifestations: A case study of Sweden. In: Linda Lundmark, Camilla Sandström (ed.), Natural resources and regional development theory, 24-50.
Hoggart, K., Paniagua, A. (2001). What rural restructuring? Journal of Rural Studies, 17 (1), 41-62.
Junjie, Zh., Yonglong, S., & Kuangjie, Sh. (2014). Research of Reconstruction of Village in the Urban Fringe Based on Urbanization Quality Improving (A Case Study of Xi’nan Village). SHS Web of Conferences, 6 (2014) 02008, 1-5.
Kheiri, J., & Nasihatkon, B. (2016). The Effects of Rural Tourism on Sustainable Livelihoods (Case Study: Lavij Rural, Iran). ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913- 1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education, Modern Applied Science, 10(10), 10-22.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). London: The Guilford Press.
Leary-Owhin, M., (2012). A Fresh Look at Lefebvre’s Spatial Triad and Differential Space:A Central Place in Planning Theory? this is an updated working draft revision of a paper given at the 2nd Planning Theory Conference University of the West of England 21-22 June 2012, 1-8.
Li, L., Zeng, Y., He, Y., Qin, Q., Wang, J., Fu, CH. (2022). Developing Village-Based Green Economy in an Endogenous Way: A Case Study from China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(13), 7580, 1-22.
Mahmoodi, H., Rajabi, M., Roomyani, A.(2017). Investigating the role of tourism in the development and reconstruction of rural areas (Kharqan region, Oj city), Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 16(2), 1-26. (In Persian)
Mikle, G., Randelli, F. (2020). The evolution of rural areas influenced by large-scale farming: four case studies from Hungary. GeoJournal (2022) 87, 99-110.
Mohammadi Yeganeh, B., Cheraghi, M., Yazdani, Z. (2013). Analysis of the influencing factors on the spatial distribution of poverty in rural areas, with an emphasis on the socio-economic characteristics of the case study: Mahmood Abad village, Shahin Dezh city. Geography and urban-regional studies, 4(13), 83-96. (In Persian)
Nie, Ch., Liu, Z., Yang, L., & Wang, L. (2022). Evaluation of Spatial Reconstruction and Driving Factors of Tourism-Based Countryside. Land, 11(9), 1446. 1-17.  
Pakshir, A., Sarafi, M. (2007). factors affecting the physical reconstruction process of the metropolis (case study, north-west area of Shiraz, 1357-1383). Journal of Humanities, 53, 36-13. (In Persian)
Pramanik, P.D., Ingkadijaya, R. (2018). The Impact of Tourism on Village Society and its Environmental. 1st UPI International Geography Seminar 2017 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 145 (2018) 012060, 1-9.
Ramzanzadeh Lesboei, M., Tabrizi, N., Zamiran, M.R. (2017). Tourism development and reconstruction in urban destinations (case study: Shiraz city). Urban Management, 55, 27-44. (In Persian)
Rashid, M.F., Ngah, I., & Misnan, S H. (2019). Revitalizing Rural Areas in Malaysia: A Framework for Economic Revitalization. 4th International Conference on Research Methodology for Built Environment and Engineering 2019 24–25 April 2019, Chulalongkorn University, Malaysia, Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 385, 012004/ IOP Publishing. 
Rezvani, M., Matiei Langroodi, H., Mohammadzadeh Larijani, F. (2012). explaining the functional evolution of villages and the transition from agricultural economy to tourism with emphasis on the life cycle theory (case study of Firooz jah village - Babol city). New Perspectives in Human Geography Quarterly, 4(3), 107-122.(In Persian)
Roknoldin-Eftekhari, A.R., Qaderi, I. (2008).The role of tourism in rural development (criticism and analysis of theoretical frameworks), Modares Humanities Quarterly, 6(2), 25, 23-40. (In Persian)
Salimi Sobhan, M.R., Hojat Shamami, S. (2018). Analyzing the role of tourism in the economic stability of rural areas, the case of Rahmatabad and Bolookat sector, Quarterly Journal of Spatial Economics and Rural Development, 8(3), 189-206. (In Persian)
Song, L., Junmei, L., Xiaofang, R., Hai, ZH. (2021). Research review on the rural reconstruction influenced by tourism, Journal of Chinese Ecotourism, 11 (3), 315-331.
Steiner, A., & Fan, SH. (2019).  Rural Revitalization, Tapping into New Opportunities, Chapter 2, ISBN: 978-0-89629-350-2, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Tao, H., Huang, ZH., Run, F. (2018). Rural Tourism Spatial Reconstruction Model from the Perspective of ATV: A Case Study of Mufu Township, Hubei Province, China.  Sustainability, 10(8), 2675, 1-16.
Tu, Sh.sh., & Long, H. (2017). Rural restructuring in China: Theory, approaches and research prospect. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(10), 1169-1184.
Wang, M., Yu, B., Zhuo, R., Li, ZH. (2022). A Geographic Analysis on Rural Reconstruction-Transformation-Revitalization: A Case Study of Jianghan Plain in China. Land, 11(5), 616, 1-25.
Wen, L., Liu, Zh., Gao, ZH., Khanjari, S. (2022). Evolutionary Path and Mechanism of Village Revitalization: A Case Study of Yuejin Village, Jiangsu/ China. Sustainability, 14(13), 8162, 1-20.  
Xue, L. (2015). Rural Tourism and the restructuring of Rural Identity in china. Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1-147.
Zare, A., & Taj, sh. (2013). The impact of the arrival of tourists on the social-cultural changes of villages, a case study of Abyaneh village, National Conference of New Theories in Architecture and Urban Planning, Qazvin, https://civilica.com/doc/38. (In Persian)
Zhou, L., Wang, L., Su, K., Bi, G., Chen, H., Liu, X., & Yang, Q. (2022). Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rural Restructuring Evolution and Driving Forces in Mountainous and Hilly Areas. Land, 11(6), 848, 1-24.