Assessing the sustainability of agricultural farming systems in Rurals of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces

Introduction:
Due to the process of globalization, the role of people in determining their destiny is felt more, especially in the economic part of life these days. In such a way that one of the main economic parts is related to the agricultural part and the agricultural system is its main core. Considering the need to stabilize agricultural production systems in the current era, it is very necessary to examine the current state of agricultural systems and their compliance with sustainability criteria, to plan for sustainable agricultural development. Of course, this matter is more important in Iran country. Therefore, it can be said that sustainability does not mean that there should be no transformation, but that the agricultural system should be transformed in the form of a geographical phenomenon, according to the spatial, economic, and social conditions.
Research method:
The current research is one of the combined research, which is a cross-sectional research based on the objective, applied research, descriptive data collection method, and survey research. The statistical population includes 64416 small farmers and 10435 rural production cooperative operators in the form of 21 companies. The sample size hlated using Cochran's formula. The main research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The research questionnaire is designed in 3 parts. The first part of the questions is related to the economic index, the second part is the social index questions, and the third part is the environmental one. The questions are prepared on a 5-point Likert scale (very high, high, medium, low, very low). At first, to measure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of 30 experts, university professors, and doctoral students whose expertise was in the field of rural geography and agriculture شused, and the validity of the research tool was evaluated, the necessary corrections were made if needed. Also, after designing and finalizing the questionnaire, Bartlett and KMO methods were used to determine its validity, which is construct validity. Finally, the validity of the questionnaire has been confirmed by the supervisor after deep study and correction by the student. Also, to measure the reliability of reflective structures, Cronbach's alpha method was used, which was performed by SPSS software. The data was collected by library and field methods. Vikor model was used in SPSS 22 software for stability analysis, and the entropy weighting method was used to identify effective indicators in system stability.
Discussion and findings:
To analyze the sustainability of agricultural systems, the Vikor model has been used using three main indicators (economic, social, and environmental). This model has been developed as a multi-criteria decision-making method to solve the problem of discrete decision-making with inconsistent criteria (different measurement units) and conflicts. This method is focused on ranking and choosing from a set of alternatives and determining compatible solutions for the problem with conflicting criteria, which can help decision-makers reach the final decision. A compatible solution is a solvable solution that is the closest solution to the ideal situation, and the meaning of compatibility is a solution that is obtained based on mutual agreement. In this study, the Shannon entropy method was used to weight the indicators. In the ViKor model, the closer QI value to zero has a higher level of stability, and the closer one to 1 has a lower level of stability.
Conclusion: According to the results of the ViKor model, the level of sustainability of agricultural systems in the study area using three economic, social, and environmental indicators has a very different situation, so in both agricultural systems, some of them have better stability.
Conclusion:
According to the findings of the Vicor model, the level of sustainability of agricultural systems in the studied area using three economic, social, and environmental indicators is very different, so in both exploitation systems, there are cases with situations of stability. The results of the research showed that in cooperative production systems, 7 cooperatives (Goldera Farrokhshahr, Omman Samani, Ghadir e Dastna, Deh Sahra, Fadak, Sudejan, and Kousar) are stable, 10 cooperatives (Goharbaran e Nafch, Sadat e Sheikh Shaban, Refah e Beldaji, Pishgam, Shohada Gandoman, Firouz e Dehnu, Dasht e Door e Imam Qais, Choghakhor e Avergan, Zayandeh Rood e Jonoobu and Goldasht e Jonghan) are semi-stable and 4 cooperatives are unstable (Dasht e Ardel, Vahdat e Tishniz, Veladat e Ghahro and Gol Ara Shamsabad). Also, the agricultural system of smallholder in the city of Farrukhshahr and Saman is stable, Sudjan, Sheikh Shaban, Ben, Dastena, Boldaji, Faradonbeh, Heydari and Aloni, semi-stable, and Nafch, Shamsabad, Avergan, Gandoman, Konrak, Imam Qais, De Nou, Behesht Abad, Gahro, Tishniz and Jooneghan are completely unstable.