Designing the Policy Making Model for the Development of Social Entrepreneurship (Case Study: Villages in the West of Iran)

Abstract
Today, social entrepreneurship is known as an effective and sustainable solution to reduce social problems and develop countries. In order to create an environment for the development of social entrepreneurship and to solve social problems in society, Iran needs an effective model in this field, especially in less developed areas. The purpose of this research is to develop a policy model for the development of social entrepreneurship in rural areas in provinces of Kermanshah, Kordestan and Ilam. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and using the grounded theory method. The participants in the study included 24 key activists in the field of the study, who were selected using the purposive sampling. In total, 37 concepts were identified from the interviews, which were finally compiled into 10 core categories. According to the research findings, a paradigm model of social entrepreneurship development policy in Kermanshah, Kordestan and Ilam provinces was developed and presented, which includes causal conditions (including the category of skill development), contextual conditions (including the category of examining the existing state of entrepreneurial culture and its improvement), intervening conditions (including the class of culture building, public awareness and adaptation to the needs of society and institutionalization), strategies (including four classes of cultural measures, motivational measures, social measures and educational measures) and consequences (including reducing social problems and increasing wealth creation).
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, Rural Development, Policy Making, Grounded Theory.


1. Introduction
Considering the increasing importance and growth of social entrepreneurship as one of the variables influencing the state of the economy and social well-being, there is still a lack of scientific articles and texts that examine the various government regulatory mechanisms that are implemented at different levels of the government to stimulate social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship ecosystems. Also, several studies have been conducted in the field of social entrepreneurship, but the role of the government in social entrepreneurship research has not been discussed and scrutinized. Government support for the development of social entrepreneurship and encouraging the creation of social enterprises is very important, several countries such as China have addressed this important issue and have clearly applied its results in the social field, but in our country, we still have to deal with the issue of entrepreneurship policy. Issues such as how the government helps social entrepreneurship in order to create value for different stakeholders, as well as the type of government intervention and regulatory mechanisms have not yet been answered. In recent decades, governments have seriously encouraged entrepreneurship. Governments by compiling strategies, policies and operational programs in order to expand entrepreneurial spirit and behavior, training and counseling, creating a suitable environment for the activity of entrepreneurs in various economic and social fields, removing obstacles, establishing communication and cooperation between them and facilitating their access to global markets in providing the necessary conditions and facilities to start the activity of entrepreneurs play an effective role in the development of entrepreneurship (Lönnström, 2020).


2. Methodology
This research is an applied one because it has been performed with the intention of practical application of knowledge and findings to fulfill the issues and problems within provinces of Kermanshah, Kordistan and Ilam. The method of research is qualitative. Because this research desires to create a new model and to develop the body of knowledge about the policy making pattern for the development of social entrepreneurship, its purpose is exploration. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and a grounded theory was applied to analyze the collected data. The statistical population of the research include 24 social entrepreneurs which are operating in provinces of Kermanshah, Kordestan and Ilam.

3. Results
Results of the current research show that in social entrepreneurship, the category of causal conditions includes skill development with four concepts of "creative force trinity", "efficient human force", "operationalization of education" and "commercialization of education". Findings of the research show that one of the effective factors on the development of social entrepreneurship is skill development, which indicate that training the workforce to develop skills and personal characteristics to successfully carry out activities can help the growth and development of social entrepreneurship.

4. Discussion
In the present study, the intervening factors included two categories: "cultivation and public awareness" and "adaptation to society's needs and institutionalization" where the category "culture and public awareness" includes the concepts of "respecting social entrepreneurs", "trust of political and social institutions in social entrepreneurs", "informing awareness", "attracting society's trust" and "modelling social entrepreneurs" and the category "compliance with society's needs and institutionalization" includes the concepts of "identifying service deficiencies", "responding to society's needs", "relation between theories and the world reality" and "strengthening the spirit of social entrepreneurship". In other words, for the development of social entrepreneurship, culture-building and awareness-raising, as well as meeting the needs of society and institutionalization should be prioritized in policy-making, and in this way, the field of social entrepreneurship development at the community level should be provided.

5. Conclusion
The current research has introduced a new and complete set of policy making patterns for the development of social entrepreneurship that can be applied to develop entrepreneurs in the conditions of market stagnation and turbulence. Human resource training is of great importance in the development of entrepreneurship. The training of creative, expert, entrepreneurial, and innovative human resources should be considered as one of the goals of entrepreneurship education in different schools of the country. Entrepreneurship training and development of creative forces can lead to huge changes in the world of development and innovation. This directly and indirectly affects sustainable economic development. Entrepreneurship in this direction can provide the possibility of achieving independence and self-sufficiency in decision-making for societies and nations. Therefore, entrepreneurship training and development of creative forces in schools and organizations is of great importance because it can help the development of entrepreneurship and economy.

Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflicts of interest