نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 هیات علمی/دانشیار دانشکده گردشگری دانشگاه سمنان
2 کارشناس ارشد بازاریابی مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکده گردشگری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد اکوتوریسم، دانشکده گردشگری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Extended abstract
1. Introduction
Considering the existence of gender inequalities that are mainly seen against women in many societies, the discussion of their empowerment has gained special importance in recent years. In this context, many researchers have emphasized the effectiveness of the role of ecotourism in empowering local communities by attracting their participation in tourism activities. Western Alamut region, which is the study area of this research, as one of the rich regions in terms of ecotourism attractions, has suitable places for tourism-based planning. This area is very diverse and beautiful with geological, geographical, and biological places, works, and phenomena, if these attractions are located and identified and properly informed and security facilities are created, it can become one of the prominent ecotourism stations at the regional, national, and international levels. Creating a business based on ecotourism in this region needs to be investigated and identified due to its potential and rare characteristics. Because the western Alamut region is one of the rich regions in terms of ecotourism attractions, therefore, the present study investigates the impact of ecotourism development on the empowerment of rural women in this region.
2. Methodology
Considering this issue, the current research was conducted to investigate the impact of ecotourism development on the empowerment of rural women in the western Alamut region using the descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research is made up of rural women in the western Alamut district of Qazvin, which due to the dispersion of villages and their large number, 9 villages (3 villages from each village due to their being tourist-friendly) were selected as sample villages. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 283 people was obtained, which was increased to 290 people. Statistical methods such as one-sample T, Pearson, multiple regression, and binomial nonparametric tests were used in SPSS software to analyze the data.
3. Results
The results showed that the effects of ecotourism development on the economic empowerment of women in the villages of the western Alamut region with an average of 3.47, social empowerment with an average of 3.42, and environmental empowerment with an average of 3.32 were high. Still, its effects on the psychological empowerment of rural women (average 3/18) are low. Also, the women of Joynek, Perrod, and Sefid Ab villages have the highest influence and the women of Belkan, Kaman, and Dastjard Sofeli villages have the least impact on ecotourism development in the region.
4. Discussion
Recognizing women's abilities and believing in their role in society is a process that has gradually started in all developing countries. Because women, as half of the human population, are considered not only the subject and goal of any development program but also a factor in advancing rural society's economic and social development goals. Considering that the empowerment of rural women is possible in different ways; one of these ways to develop the empowerment of rural women is ecotourism and rural tourism, which can provide diverse opportunities for the empowerment of rural women. The empowerment of rural women is an effort to improve their economic, social, and cultural levels, because today, in the development discussions at the international level, the presence of the citizen is emphasized in the process of formulating policies and implementing them. However, citizens with the necessary capacity, ability, and capability can surely participate.
5. Conclusion
The effects of ecotourism development in the economic empowerment of rural women with a score of 954/85 are more than social empowerment with a score of 895/24, environmental empowerment with a score of 651/93, and psychological empowerment with a score of 580/09. According to the results in the field of economic empowerment, the women of Joynek village (score 194/25) had the highest influence, and the village of Dastjard Sefali (score 112/54) had the least influence from the development of ecotourism. In the field of social empowerment of women, Sefid Ab village (score 126/45) has the most influence and Belkan village (score 85/12) has the least influence, in the field of psychological empowerment of women, Sefid Ab village (score 126/45) has the most influence and Kaman village (score 16) 59/59) The least influence and in the field of environmental empowerment, the women of Belkan village (score 85.27) have the most influence and Fanfin village (score 48.89) have the least influence from the development of ecotourism in the region. In terms of the total score of the four dimensions, the women of Joynek, Parrod, and Sefid Ab villages have the highest influence, and the women of Belkan, Kaman, and Dastjerd villages have the least impact on the development of ecotourism.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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