تحلیل توانمندی‌های روستاهای پیشرو در اشتغال‌زایی مطالعه موردی: روستاهای منطقه سیستان

A B S T R A C T
It is one of the ways to promote the possibility of employment. Paying attention to the environmental and human talents and capabilities of the village is a planning necessity. Especially the villages that are leading and ahead of other villages both potentially and actually. The purpose of this research is to analyze the capabilities of the leading villages in employment generation. In this regard, data collection has been done in two ways, library and field. The statistical population of this research is 26 villages of Purahari in Sistan region, and the information of the villages was conducted in the form of field observations and interviews with the villagers and members of the Islamic Council of the village. The results prove that the leading villages of Sistan region have high capabilities for creating employment in terms of environmental and human characteristics, which can be a model for other villages. The findings show that Khamar village with the most car-related job activities, Machine village of the region, Loutak village with the most market service activities, village market and Amirnezam village of village carpet of Sistan were recognized. Also, Qalle - No village is a special tourism village and Milk village is a market and border village of the region. In the leading villages in employment, there are nearly 60 types of job activities, some of which did not exist in the villages before, which is a sign of great diversity in these villages. These features and capabilities can open the way for the growth and progress of other villages in the region.
 
Extended abstract
Introduction
It is one of the ways to promote the possibility of employment. Paying attention to the village's environmental and human talents and capabilities is a planning necessity. Especially the villages that are leading and ahead of other villages both potentially and actually. Employment is considered one of the basic components of rural and agricultural development. Peace of mind and provision of physical and mental well-being are realized in the shade of obtaining a suitable job and professional terms of employment; some villages are leaders in creating employment for their residents. Measuring the capabilities of these villages is an inevitable necessity to achieve the rule of law governing their success and job creation. Due to the newness of the subject under study and the lack of criteria and indicators to identify the leading villages, an extensive library and document surveys were conducted, and through several stages, 26 leading villages were identified in the Sistan region. In this regard, the present research aims to analyze the capabilities of the leading villages of Sistan region in creating employment. According to the mentioned cases, this research tries to answer the following question in the research process:
- What are the geographical capabilities of the leading villages in employment generation in Sistan region?
 
Methodology
The type of research in this research is applied, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. According to the research subject, the technique of collecting statistics and information required is library-documentary and field. In the library method, reading books, reviewing articles and theses, and analyzing data published by statistical yearbooks and the general population and housing census results were used. In the field method, data collection has been done by relying on the methods of being in the area, observing and interviewing villagers and local experts. The indicators examined in this article include the analysis of natural and human capabilities and, most importantly, the introduction of the job capabilities of the advanced villages of the Sistan region. It is important to note that the job opportunities discussed in the mentioned villages are created and managed by residents. Therefore, this research has not included positions such as civil servants and government roles. A table was used to get a more detailed analysis of the available capabilities of the studied villages.
 
Results and discussion
The analysis of the settlement of villages shows that all the rural areas of Sistan region are located in plains. Sistan region has a hot and dry desert climate. According to the 30-year meteorological statistics of Zabol, there are more than 300 dry days per year on average in this region. According to the Gosen method, its climate is desert; based on the Kopen method, it is dry and very hot with a dry summer. Sistan region has challenges such as drought and sandstorms. In this period of drought, digging wells have played a special role in the rural economy in recent years. Field research shows that the leading villages in employment have also used the well drilling technique to reduce the risk to water resources. In terms of population, the leading villages have a good situation. Among the studied villages, the villages of Mohammad Shahkaram, Sefid Abe, and Amir Nezam have the largest rural population compared to other villages. Also, the villages of Shandol, Loutak, and Khamar have the lowest rural populations compared to other villages. In terms of the employment situation in different economic sectors, in the leading villages in employment, the service job is more popular, and with an allocation of about 46.6%, it ranks first among the three desired job positions in the studied villages. Field studies and research findings indicate that there are nearly 60 types of job activities in the leading villages in terms of employment, which shows the great diversity in these villages.
 
Conclusion
The Sistan region's villages suffer from major challenges such as drought, water scarcity, economic stagnation, sand storms, rural migration, village evacuation, unemployment, and unfavorable job situation. Economists state that the provision of full employment along with continuous economic growth, stabilization of the price level, and balancing of payments are the four economic goals. However, they consider full employment to be the most important. It is worth mentioning that employment is the basic pillar of growth and progress; at the same time, it also brings comfort and well-being to society. Spinoza believes that work is the deepest and most stable form of social life in human life, without which neither production, expansion, nor the increase of means and necessities of life can be imagined. In this regard, one of the ways to get employment is to give importance to the abilities, talents, and capabilities of people and villagers. The current research aimed to identify the capabilities of the leading villages in employment so that they can be put on the agenda of other villages to create employment. The research findings show the special capabilities of the progressive villages of Sistan region. Amirnezam village was known as the village carpet of Sistan, Khamar village as the machine village of Sistan, and Loutak village as the village market of Sistan. Qalle- No village was a special tourism village, and Milk village was the region's market and border village. Also, the findings showed the diversity of job activities in progressive villages and activities that did not exist in the villages before. These features and capabilities can open the way for the growth and progress of other regional villages. In this regard, the following suggestions are made:
- Leading villages can become the model of other villages in Sistan region so that they can follow the path of progress.
- Departments related to employment can emphasize the success factors of progressive villages so that these villages can progress faster.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.