واکاوی موانع برنامه‌ریزی کارآفرینی مقصد گردشگری مطالعه موردی: روستاهای کهکیلویه و بویر احمد

A B S T R A C T
The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the obstacles to entrepreneurship in tourist destination villages in Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad provinces. This research is qualitative and applied, with an inductive approach. It employs a mixed strategy of qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population in this research includes university experts, organizational experts, and local experts, which was determined using a non-random sampling method of the targeted type with the snowball technique of 30 people. The results of the research showed that economic, institutional-political, social, and ecological factors are, respectively, the most critical obstacles to the development of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in the villages of the province. Weak investment in the public sector, lack of access to capital, lack of motivation for tourism development among the officials, cumbersome bureaucracy, lack of motivation towards the goal and foresight, and lack of technological infrastructure compatible with entrepreneurship are among the most important obstacles in this field. Also, the causal relationships between the variables using the structural equation model showed that the fit indices of the model were calculated higher than 0.9, which shows that the model fits the data and the data of this research have a good fit with the factor structure and the theoretical foundation of the research
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Today, rural tourism is affected by various factors such as government policies, global economic growth, and the growth of multi-level communication and information technology. Lack of communication and coordination between organizations and institutions related to the field of rural tourism. Considering the importance of rural entrepreneurship, especially in the field of tourism, the need to address this issue becomes more critical. Therefore, the current research on the challenges affecting the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship is fruitful. The following article, which is the result of field visits and interviews with experts and specialists in this field, has tried to answer this important question:
-What are the obstacles and challenges of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in the villages under study in the provinces of Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad?
 
Methodology
 The current research is of a qualitative type, and the classification of research is based on the purpose applied. The inductive research approach and strategy (implementation method) is a mixture of qualitative content analysis and Delphi. In the first stage, the available sources were carefully examined using the qualitative content analysis method, and the desired characteristics were compared to achieve the assumed characteristics. Then, using the Delphi technique and the questionnaire tool, experts' opinions were obtained to reach an expert consensus on the developed indicators and their structure. The statistical population in this research includes university experts, organizational experts, and local experts. A non-random sampling method with a snowball technique was used to select the panel members. Kendall's correlation coefficient was used to determine the level of agreement among panel members. In the second stage of the research, factor analysis and structural equation methods were used to identify the most important barriers to entrepreneurial
 
 
 
planning of tourist destinations in the studied villages.
 
Results and discussion
The results of factor analysis showed that the economic factor with 42.01 and a special value of 14.045, the second factor with 25.66 and a special value of 8.848, the third factor with 19.754 and a particular value of 6.101, and finally, the fourth factor with 13.258 and the special value of 5.15 have contributed the most in explaining the changes of 44 items. The research results are congruent with studies results such as (Taghdisi et al., 2015); (Eshraghi Samani et al., 2016); (Chraghi et al., 2022); (Mohammadi et al., 2021); (Imani et al., 2022); (Klein et al., 2014); (Altiani et al., 2016); (Mitrabana et al., 2019).
Weakness of investment in the public sector, lack of access to capital, distance from the local and regional market, non-profitability of agricultural activities due to the existence of brokers in transactions, neglect of the economic importance of handicraft products, and lack of legitimacy for new investment ideas. The limitation of the demand market for the sale of products due to being far from the city center, the lack of a strong non-governmental sector in the village, the lack of appropriate market access mechanisms, the lack of insurance and consulting support for entrepreneurship, the lack of motivation for tourism development among the officials, the bureaucracy Pagir, lack of motivation towards the goal and foresight in indigenous people, lack of access to information, educational and communication centers, the lack of importance of social patterns for tourists and so on at the destination can be considered among the most important planning obstacles mentioned in the field of entrepreneurship in tourism destination villages.
 
Conclusion
The research results show that the combination of social responsibility, environmental responsibility, growth and development through ecotourism, and ecotourism innovations and creativity provide the necessary conditions for the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship. Achieving the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship in the study area will be smoother when the innovation of tourism entrepreneurship is used at the same time in accordance with the prevailing atmosphere of the study area and is more compatible with these conditions; Tourism entrepreneurship has provided platforms for growth and development and improvement of quality of life for the host community.
Also, since tourism is an industry that must protect its products for survival, tourism businesses' compatibility with the environment is the leading platform. Finally, tourism activities and businesses coordinated with the social context and cultural structure of the host society, in addition to protecting the cultural heritage and improving their sense of self-confidence, lead to the acceptance and acceptability of these activities in the host society and as a result, will bring active participation of them in the development process.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
First author: Drafting the principles; Second author: Data collection; Third author: Data analysis; Fourth author: Translation and final editing of the article and extended abstract.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.