مطالعه مردم شناختی روستای دکاموند در شهرستان سلسله با استفاده از رویکرد مونوگرافی

A B S T R A C T
Dekamvand is a mountainous village located in Selseleh County and Alishtar City, featuring unique natural attractions and religious sites. The aim of this study, conducted in 2023, is to explore the anthropological aspects of Dekamvand Village using a monographic approach. This research is qualitative and descriptive, employing a monographic methodology. Data were collected through fieldwork, including interviews, observations, and photography. The target population consists of all residents of Dekamvand Village. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the village, all historical, cultural, social, economic, and environmental aspects were considered in describing its characteristics. The study concludes with several recommendations, such as: Organizing tourism activities, Training locals on sustainable harvesting of medicinal plants like wild garlic (Mousir), Establishing pharmaceutical and medicinal herb industries in the area to create job opportunities, Implementing measures to supply fuel for herders and prevent shrub cutting, Designing a scheduled program for grazing and managing access for nomadic tribes, Transitioning from traditional livestock farming to breeding purebred dairy cows, and more
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Monography, translated as "ethnographic study" or "monographic study," is a method commonly used in qualitative research for in-depth exploration of rural communities. This approach involves a comprehensive and holistic examination of small and limited communities. In other words, monography provides an in-depth and detailed description of a village, a family, or a tribe. For example, a monographic study of a village may encompass its social, economic, demographic, and cultural conditions, as well as its institutions, norms, and overall details of the residents' lives and the village's characteristics. Monography is often employed in regions where sufficient information about the socio-economic structure of the area is unavailable. This research, using a monographic approach, was conducted in 2023 to explore the anthropological characteristics of Dekamvand Village, one of the villages in the city of Alishtar.
 
Methodology
Qualitative research seeks to understand and explain complex social phenomena using qualitative data such as interviews, participant observations, and documentation. The emergence of qualitative research is closely tied to the role of human factors. This method values the perspectives of the individuals being studied and considers the researcher and participants in a reciprocal relationship. It involves both describing and explaining phenomena and relies on individuals' observable behaviors and statements for data collection. In this study, qualitative fieldwork, alongside documentary and library research methods, was utilized. The target population for the research was the residents of Dekamvand Village. Given the focus on Dekamvand, experienced, well-known, and educated locals, as well as individuals involved in village management, were selected as participants.
The snowball sampling technique, often employed in ethnographic studies, was used. This method involves identifying key individuals within the population for interviews, followed by interviewing others recommended by them. The tools for data collection in this research included interviews and participant observations. In total, three primary methods—documentary research, observation, and interviews—were employed to gather data.
 
Results and discussion
Anthropology provides a deep and holistic description of the studied community, often focusing on smaller societies to ensure detailed analysis. This discipline examines people in their natural setting, allowing researchers to conduct in-depth studies of groups immersed in their own culture. It involves observing, documenting, and analyzing social relationships, places, and cultural practices.
In Dekamvand Village, many residents hold prominent positions at the county, provincial, and even national levels. The spirit of empathy, cooperation, and mutual assistance is deeply rooted in the village culture. Social gatherings, particularly religious ceremonies and festivals, are celebrated magnificently with the participation of all community members, from women and men to the elderly, youth, and children.
Unfortunately, as in many other rural areas, some traditional customs in Dekamvand have been forgotten, and urban practices are increasingly replacing local traditions in ceremonies.
Situated in a cold, semi-humid climate, Dekamvand Village benefits from fertile soil suitable for plant growth. Its mountainous location and abundant rangelands make it well-suited for agricultural activities, particularly horticulture and animal husbandry. Consequently, a significant portion of the village's economy relies on agriculture and livestock farming.
 
Conclusion
The anthropological monographic study of Dekamvand Village, located in the rural areas of Selseleh County, highlights the cultural and social values of this community, emphasizing the richness of its local knowledge. Traditions and rituals are integral to the villagers' daily lives and hold significant importance.
Leveraging the culture and traditions of the villagers as a tool to prevent rangeland degradation and foster a sense of belonging to the region can be highly effective. Initially, emphasizing the cultural and environmental significance of rangelands in the daily lives of the villagers can raise awareness about the importance of their preservation.
Organizing ceremonies and events that highlight the connection between humans and the environment can strengthen this bond. Additionally, providing educational workshops on rangeland conservation and sustainable use, incorporating local knowledge and traditions, can empower the local community to better understand their environmental responsibilities.
Furthermore, fostering collaboration between the village's youth and young elites with organizations and institutions dedicated to environmental conservation can enhance their sense of belonging to the region. This approach not only strengthens the community's identity but also contributes to the development of a responsible and sustainable society.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.