افت منابع آب زیرزمینی و تأثیر آن بر ساختار کالبدی نواحی روستایی (موردمطالعه: سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان لردگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

نیاز روز‌افزون انسان به‌ آب از یک‌‌سو و کمبود آن از سوی دیگر، باعث افزایش بهره‌برداری از این منبع حیاتی شده است. امروزه، به دلیل بهره‌برداری بیشتر از منابع آب ‌زیرزمینی و افت سطح ایستابی این ذخایر به سمت لایه‌های عمیق‌تر، مشکلات متعددی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی را تهدید می‌نماید. مسئله اساسی این است که به دنبال افزایش جمعیت و رشد تقاضا برای رفع نیازهای جوامع روستایی، بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه و فشار بر این ذخایر حیاتی مضاعف گردید. هدف اصلی پژوهش، ریشه‌یابی علل افت منابع آب ‌زیرزمینی و تأثیر آن بر ساختار کالبدی نواحی روستایی است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات تحقیق (که به‌لحاظ هدف، کاربردی است) از مطالعات اسنادی و میدانی بهره‌گیری شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش 89831 نفر از جمعیت ‌روستایی شهرستان لردگان است که 115 نمونه‌‌ آن به کمک نرم‌افزار G-Power، به‌طور هدفمند انتخاب گردید. داده‌های پژوهش با روش‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی و علی-تطبیقی و نیز به یاری نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و GIS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد طی دوره 1340-1395، افزایش شمار بهره‌برداران زراعی، گسترش سطح زیرکشت آبی و حفر چاه‌های عمیق، با افزایش بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه و افت سطح آب زیرزمینی در قلمروی پژوهش، رابطه دارد. همچنین می‌توان گفت خرد شدن قطعات زراعی، اعطای مجوز حفر و کف‌شکنی چاه‌ها و رواج محصولات زراعی آبخواه در ‌تعامل با افزایش جمعیت، مهم‌ترین عوامل برداشت مضاعف و افت تراز آب‌های زیرزمینی تا مرز 22- متر در دشت‌ها به شمار می‌آید که پیامدهای آن به شکل از ‌بین‌ رفتن تالاب‌ها و مراتع، نشست زمین به میزان 85 سانتی‌متر، ایجاد شکاف عمیق در مساکن و مزارع، دگرگونی سیمای دشت‌ها و سرانجام ناپایداری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی ظاهر شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Groundwater Resources Drawdown and Its Effect on the Physical Structure of Rural Areas: A Case Study of Rural Settlements of Lordegan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Taghipoor Javi 1
  • Seyed Eskandar Seydaei 2
  • Faramarz Barimani 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The increasing human need for water, on the one hand, and its scarcity, on the other, have increased the exploitation of this vital resource. Today, with more attention to groundwater resources and the vertical movement of these reservoirs to deeper layers, numerous problems are threatening life in rural habitats. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the causes of groundwater resource drawdown and its effect on the physical structure of rural areas. Crucially, it has doubled as population growth and demand increase to meet the needs of rural communities, excessive exploitation and pressure on these vital reserves. Documentary analysis and field study were used to collect the required data. The statistical population of the study included 89831 people in the rural population of Lordegan, out of which 115 were selected by purposive sampling method using the G-Power software. The data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical and causal-comparative methods on the SPSS and GIS software programs. The findings showed that increasing number of farmers, expanding irrigated areas and drilling deep wells during the period 1961-2016 are correlated with unnecessary exploitation and drop in groundwater level in the research area. The results further showed that the fragmentation of agricultural parts, granting permits for digging and breaking wells and the prevalence of aquacultural crops in interaction with population growth were the most important factors for double harvesting and reduction of groundwater levels to -22 meters in the plains. It has manifested itself in the form of the disappearance of wetlands and pastures, land subsidence of 85 cm, deep divisions in settlements and farms, changes in the appearance of plains, and, ultimately, the instability of rural settlements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater
  • Physical Structure
  • Exploitation
  • Rural Settlements
  • Lordegan

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 11، شماره 1
خرداد 1399
صفحه 170-189

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 آبان 1398

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