تحلیل علّی عوامل مؤثر بر رکود دامداری سنتی در جوامع محلی (مورد مطالعه: مراتع قشلاقی ندوشن یزد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، یزد، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه مرتع‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

ارزش اقتصادی و اجتماعی مراتع از جنبه‌های مختلف و مدیریت مراتع در روستاها یکی از عوامل تداوم و بقای حرفه دامداری سنتی است. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اقتصادی، اجتماعی، مدیریتی و زیست‌محیطی مؤثر بر فعالیت‌های دامداران در جوامع روستایی ندوشن شهرستان اشکذر استان یزد اﻧﺠﺎم شده است. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ و با ابزار پرسشنامه اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، دامداران روستاهای واقع در سامان‌های عرفی مراتع ندوشن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. نتایج نشان داد که گویه مهاجرت روستاییان به شهر و خروج نیروی کار از روستا به‌عنوان اولین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (87/7) و گویه گرایش نیروی کار جوان به مشاغل غیرکشاورزی به‌عنوان دومین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (39/6)، در عامل اقتصادی نیز گویه بهره‌وری کمتر دامداری سنتی در مقایسه با سایر فعالیت‌های اقتصادی به‌ویژه در بخش‌های غیر کشاورزی به‌عنوان اولین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (48/9) و گویه بالا بودن دستمزد چوپان و اجاره بهای مرتع به‌عنوان دومین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (35/9) بود. در عامل مدیریتی گویه کمبود علوفه ناشی از چرای بیش از ظرفیت چرا  به‌عنوان اولین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (02/9) و گویه بی‌توجهی به بیمه روستائیان به‌عنوان دومین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (43/8) و در عامل زیست‌محیطی گویه خشکسالی و کمبود علوفه به‌عنوان اولین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (19/5) و گویه کمبود علوفه ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی (سرمازدگی، گرمازدگی، آفات و امراض) به‌عنوان دومین عامل تأثیرگذار با میانگین (92/3) بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Causal Analysis of Factors Affecting the Downturn of Traditional Livestock Husbandry in Local Communities (Case Study: Nodoushan Yazd Winter Pastures)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alibeman Mirjalili 1
  • Ghodratollah Heydari 2
  • Naser Baghestani Meybodi 3
  • Shafagh Rastgar 4
1 Researcher, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Sari, Sari, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Forest and Rangeland Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center, Organization of Research, Education and Agricultural Extension, Yazd, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Sari, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The economic and social values of animal husbandry and rangeland management in rural areas are important factors for the continuation and maintenance of traditional livestock husbandry. This study aimed to identify social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors affecting traditional livestock husbandry in Nodoushan rangeland in Yazd province. Results of the Friedman test and prioritizing each of the items in the social factor showed that the immigration of villagers to the city and the depletion of labor from the village was the first influential factor with an average of 7.87 and the tendency of young laborers to non-agricultural jobs was the second influential factor with an average of 6.39. Important economic factors were lower productivity of traditional livestock husbandry compared with other economic activities, especially in non-agricultural sectors as the first influential factor with an average of 9.48, and the high cost of shepherds' wages and rangeland rent was ranked as the second influential factor with an average of 9.35. Regarding the managerial factor, the lack of fodder due to overgrazing was considered as the first influential factor with an average of 9.02 and the neglect of villagers' insurance was the second influential factor with an average of 8.43. Regarding the environmental factor, drought and forage shortage were the first effective factors with an average of 5.19 and fodder deficiency due to climate change (frost, heat, pests and diseases) was the second effective factor with an average of 3.92.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • traditional livestock husbandry
  • Rangelands
  • Path analysis
  • Villagers
  • Shepherds
  • Participation
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