واکاوی وضعیت و تبیین‌کننده‌های امنیت غذایی در بین خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان بهار، استان همدان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

امنیت غذایی، چالش دهه‌های آتی و ضرورت تحقیقاتی امروز دنیا است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی وضعیت و عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان بهار در استان همدان انجام شد.  جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمام سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان بهار (1000=N) بودند که با استفاده از جدول مورگان 388 سرپرست خانوار از طریق نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با‌توجه‌به دو ملاک جمعیت و منطقه جغرافیایی به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش امنیت غذایی نیز از پرسش‌نامه استاندارد کرنل استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که 8/51 درصد جامعه موردمطالعه در وضعیت امن و 2/48 درصد در وضعیت ناامن غذایی بودند. حدود 3/9 درصد از خانوارهای روستایی ناامنی غذایی همراه با گرسنگی شدید را تجربه می‌نمودند که اکثریت این خانوارها در روستاهای غربی شهرستان بهار سکونت داشتند. نتایج همبستگی نشان داد که امنیت غذایی با عوامل اقتصادی و فردی مانند سطح تحصیلات، میزان درآمد کشاورزی و غیرکشاورزی، سطح زیرکشت اراضی زراعی و باغی رابطه مثبت و معنی‌دار اما با عوامل جغرافیایی و اجتماعی مانند فاصله روستا تا شهر و بعد خانوار، رابطه منفی و معنی‌داری دارد. نتایج رگرسیون چندگانه نیز نشان داد که درآمد حاصل از فعالیت‌های کشاورزی، قدرتمندترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده امنیت غذایی در بین خانوارهای روستایی شهرستان بهار بود و پس از آن به ترتیب درآمد حاصل از فعالیت‌های غیر کشاورزی، تعداد افراد شاغل در خانوار و تعداد افراد تحت تکفل، مهم‌ترین پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های امنیت غذایی شناخته شدند. در نتیجه، متنوع‌سازی درآمدها، می‌تواند یک سازوکار پیشنهادی مناسب برای بهبود امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Status and Determinants of Food Security among Rural Households in Bahar County, Hamadan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Bayanati 1
  • Yaser Mohammadi 2
  • Mousa Aazami 3
1 MSc. Graduated, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 Associated professor, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Food security is a challenge of the coming decades and the research necessity of today’s world. This study aimed to identify the status and factors affecting the food security of rural households in Bahar County. The statistical population of the study included all rural households’ heads in Bahar County (N = 1100) in which the number of 388 ones was estimated as a statistical sample using the Morgan table and selected through stratified sampling according to both criteria of population and geographical area. The standard questionnaire of Cornell was used to assess food security. The results showed that 51.8% of the study population were in secure conditions and 48.2% were in insecure food conditions. About 9.3% of rural households experienced food insecurity with severe hunger, and most of them lived in the western villages of Bahar County. The results also showed that food security has a significant, positive correlation with economic and personal factors such as education level, agricultural and non-agricultural income, and agricultural and horticultural area under cultivation, while showing negative correlation with geographical and social factors such as distance from the village to city and household size. The results of multiple regression also showed that income from agricultural activities was the strongest predictor of food security among rural households in Bahar County, followed by income from non-agricultural activities, the number of employed people among a household and the number of dependents respectively. As a result, income diversification can be a suitable mechanism for improving the food security of rural households.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Food Security
  • Access to Food
  • Insecurity
  • Rural Household
  • Bahar County

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 13، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 298-313

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 15 بهمن 1400

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