ارزیابی سطوح معیشت پایدار جوامع روستایی (موردمطالعه: منطقه گردشگری اورامانات)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

گردشگری روستایی یکی از مهم‌ترین راهکارهای کاهش فقر در جوامع روستایی به‌منظور دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی است. این نوع گردشگری معرف زندگی، فرهنگ، هنر و میراث مناطق روستایی است و جامعه محلی را از لحاظ اجتماعی و اقتصادی بهره‌مند می‌سازد. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر به بررسی سطوح معیشت پایدار جوامع روستایی اورامانات (چهار شهرستان پاوه، جوانرود، روانسر و ثلاث باباجانی) می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش بر اساس هدف از نوع کاربردی به‌صورت توصیفی - همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، ۱۷۷۶۳ نفر بود (۱۷۷۶۳=N) که ۲۸۰ نفر از آن‌ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‎گیری تصادفی طبقه‎ای با انتساب متناسب به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته مرتبطی با سؤالات مرتبط با دارایی‌های معیشتی کشاورزان چهارچوب معیشت پایدار ارائه‌شده توسط دپارتمان توسعه بین‌الملل بود. روایی پرسش‌نامه توسط اعضای هیئت‌علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و اداره کل میراث فرهنگی،گردشگری و صنایع‌دستی استان کرمانشاه موردبررسی قرار گرفت و پایایی آن توسط آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS23 تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد بالاترین سطح سرمایه، سرمایه فیزیکی و مالی، اجتماعی و کمترین آن سرمایه انسانی است. «اجاره منزل، فروش صنایع‌دستی، فروش غذاهای محلی» عمده‌ترین مشاغل مرتبط با گردشگری بودند. نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری گردشگری بر سرمایه‌های معیشتی خانوار روستایی بود. درنهایت راه‌اندازی دفتر گردشگری محلی، فراهم نمودن زیرساخت‌ها و تجهیزات روستایی برای گردشگران و توجه به ابتکارات مردم محلی پیشنهادات کلی مطالعه حاضر است.

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