ارزیابی سطوح معیشت پایدار جوامع روستایی (موردمطالعه: منطقه گردشگری اورامانات)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

گردشگری روستایی یکی از مهم‌ترین راهکارهای کاهش فقر در جوامع روستایی به‌منظور دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی است. این نوع گردشگری معرف زندگی، فرهنگ، هنر و میراث مناطق روستایی است و جامعه محلی را از لحاظ اجتماعی و اقتصادی بهره‌مند می‌سازد. در این راستا پژوهش حاضر به بررسی سطوح معیشت پایدار جوامع روستایی اورامانات (چهار شهرستان پاوه، جوانرود، روانسر و ثلاث باباجانی) می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش بر اساس هدف از نوع کاربردی به‌صورت توصیفی - همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، ۱۷۷۶۳ نفر بود (۱۷۷۶۳=N) که ۲۸۰ نفر از آن‌ها با استفاده از روش نمونه‎گیری تصادفی طبقه‎ای با انتساب متناسب به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار تحقیق پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته مرتبطی با سؤالات مرتبط با دارایی‌های معیشتی کشاورزان چهارچوب معیشت پایدار ارائه‌شده توسط دپارتمان توسعه بین‌الملل بود. روایی پرسش‌نامه توسط اعضای هیئت‌علمی گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی و اداره کل میراث فرهنگی،گردشگری و صنایع‌دستی استان کرمانشاه موردبررسی قرار گرفت و پایایی آن توسط آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS23 تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد بالاترین سطح سرمایه، سرمایه فیزیکی و مالی، اجتماعی و کمترین آن سرمایه انسانی است. «اجاره منزل، فروش صنایع‌دستی، فروش غذاهای محلی» عمده‌ترین مشاغل مرتبط با گردشگری بودند. نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری گردشگری بر سرمایه‌های معیشتی خانوار روستایی بود. درنهایت راه‌اندازی دفتر گردشگری محلی، فراهم نمودن زیرساخت‌ها و تجهیزات روستایی برای گردشگران و توجه به ابتکارات مردم محلی پیشنهادات کلی مطالعه حاضر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Sustainable Livelihood Levels of Rural Communities (Case Study: Oramanat Tourist Area)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahra Mohammadimehr 1
  • Saeid Karimi 2
  • Sayad Mahdi Hosseni 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 MSc. Student, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rural tourism is one of the most important ways to reduce poverty in rural communities in order to achieve sustainable rural development. The present study examines the levels of sustainable livelihoods of rural communities in Oramanat (four cities of Paveh, Javanrood, Ravansar and Thalas Babajani). The research method is descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, it is of applied type. The statistical population of the study was 17763 people (N = 177663) of which 280 people were selected as a sample using a stratified random sampling method with an appropriate assignment to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of questions related to farmers' livelihood assets. The Sustainable Living Framework was provided by the Department for International Development. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by faculty members of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Education and the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Organization of Kermanshah Province and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS23 software. Findings showed that the highest level of capital is physical, financial, and social capital and the lowest is human capital. "Renting a house, selling handicrafts, and selling local food" were the main occupations related to tourism. The results showed the positive and significant effect of tourism on the livelihood capital of rural households. Finally, setting up a local tourism office, providing rural infrastructure and equipment for tourists, and paying attention to the initiatives of local people are the general suggestions of the present study. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable Livelihood
  • Rural Communities
  • Tourism
  • Development
  • Oramanat
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