تحلیل تأثیر عوامل انسانی و محیطی بر تضاد ذی‌نفعان در حوضه آبریز زاینده‌رود

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از پایان نامه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

4 دکتری سازه‌های آبی، شرکت آب منطقه‌ای استان اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

همزمان با افزایش بحران آب در حوضه‌های آبریز، درگیری‌های بین ذی‌نفعان آن در حال تشدید است. افزایش تضاد در حوضه‌های آبریز می‌تواند ناشی از عوامل مختلف انسانی و طبیعی، از جمله حکمرانی و مدیریت ضعیف منابع و تغییرات اقلیم باشد. هدف پژوهش بررسی عوامل طبیعی و انسانی مؤثر بر شدت مناقشات میان ذی‌نفعان مختلف حوضه زاینده‌رود، بررسی راهبردهای پیشنهادی مدیران و سیاست‌گذاران و تحلیل راهبردهای اجرا‌شده طی سالیان اخیر جهت کاهش مناقشات در حوضه زاینده‌رود بوده است. در این تحقیق از روش‌شناسی کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه داده‌بنیاد استفاده شد. نمونه‌ای از افراد کلیدی از بین کارشناسان و مدیران سازمان‌های مرتبط، با بهره‌گیری از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به روش گلوله‌برفی، انتخاب شدند و داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختارمند گردآوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل انسانی از جمله عوامل اجتماعی - فرهنگی، افزایش تقاضا برای آب، سیاست‌های انتقال بین‌حوضه‌ای آب و عوامل حکمرانی از دیدگاه کارشناسان مرتبط بیشترین تأثیر را در مدیریت تضاد داشتند. همچنین عوامل محیطی نظیر تغییرات اقلیم از جمله کاهش بارش و منابع آب، سبب تشدید تضاد در حوضه شده‌اند. از سوی دیگر، تأثیر عوامل انسانی نظیر حکمرانی و سیاست‌های اخذشده در بحران آب و تضاد ناشی از آن بسیار تأثیرگذارتر از عوامل طبیعی بوده است. برخی از راهبردها همچون مدیریت راهبردی، انتقال آب بین حوضه‌ای، و افزایش نظارت برای مدیریت تضاد ناشی از بحران آب در حوضه به کار گرفته شده‌اند. از سوی دیگر، تعدادی از مدیران و سیاست‌گذاران معتقدند که برخی راهکارهای اجراشده نه‌تنها به کاهش تضاد در حوضه کمکی نکرده‌اند، بلکه سبب افزایش تنش نیز شده‌اند.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Impact of Human and Environmental Factors on Stakeholders’ Conflict in the Zayandehrood Basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ladan Naderi 1
  • Esmail Karamidehkordi 2
  • Mohammad Badsar 3
  • Mehrdad Moghadasd 4
1 PhD Student, Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
4 PhD in Hydraulic Structures, Isfahan Regional Water Organization, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Conflicts over water among stakeholders are intensifying, as the water crisis in the watersheds escalates. Increased conflict in basins can be the result of various human and natural factors, including inappropriate governance and resource management and climate change. This study aims to investigate the natural and human factors affecting the severity of conflicts among different stakeholders in the Zayandehrood Basin, review the strategies proposed by managers and policymakers, and analyze the strategies implemented in recent years to reduce conflicts in the Zayandehrood Basin. The study used a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. A sample of key experts and managers of relevant organizations were selected using the snowball sampling technique and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The results showed that the experts and managers perceived human elements, such as socio-cultural factors, increased demand for water, inter-basin water transfer policies, and governance factors, to have the greatest impact on conflict management. Moreover, environmental factors such as climate change have intensified the conflict in the basin by rainfall and water resources decline. On the other hand, human factors such as governance and policies in the water crisis and the resulting conflict have had much more impact than natural factors. Some strategies, such as strategic management, inter-basin water transfer, and increased monitoring have been used to manage the conflict caused by the water crisis in the basin. On the other hand, some managers and policymakers believe that some of the implemented strategies have not only been unable to help the stakeholders reduce conflict in the basin, but have also increased tensions in the basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Water crisis
  • Conflict
  • Human factors
  • Environmental factors
  • Management
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