شناسایی مؤلفه‌های کالبدی - فضایی بافت روستاهای باارزش بومی مبتنی بر توسعه گردشگری (موردمطالعه: روستاهای کوهپایه‌ای غرب استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله برگرفته از طرح پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد تمام، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

روستاهای با بافت تاریخی و بومی استان مازندران از مناطق مستعد توسعه گردشگری ایران محسوب می‌شود و به دلیل برخورداری از جاذبه‌های متعدد طبیعی، فرهنگی و تاریخی مورد بازدید روزافزون شهرنشینان قرار می‌گیرند و سالانه پذیرای حجم بالای سرریز گردشگران در استان هستند. اما گاهاً بی‌برنامگی و عدم توجه مسئولین و ساکنین به قابلیت‌های موجود و همچنین ورود افراد مهاجر در روستاهای مقصد گردشگری موجب شده تا محدودیت‌هایی متعدد کالبدی - فضایی در این مناطق ایجاد گردد که در این راستا شناسایی عوامل و معیارهای کالبدی - فضایی در راستای توسعه گردشگری این روستاها امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ ماهیت، اکتشافی و از حیث بررسی داده‌ها، تجربی - پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری موردمطالعه شامل 250 نفر از متخصصین است که با استفاده از سیستم واقعیت مجازی، محیط 5 روستای شبیه‌سازی‌شده در قالب تور مجازی برای آن‌ها به نمایش گذاشته شده و سپس با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه پژوهشگر ساخت، مورد پرسشگری مستقیم قرار گرفتند. اطلاعات جمع‌آوری‌شده، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و از طریق تحلیل عامل اکتشافی، همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داده است؛ 9/97 درصد از تغییرات توسعه گردشگری توسط عامل‌های کالبدی - فضایی شامل: کیفیت کالبدی - محیطی، سازمان فضایی و نفوذپذیری، عناصر تزیینی و سبک معماری، امکانات رفاهی و زیربنایی، سازگاری اقلیمی، سرسبزی و مناظر طبیعی، مراکز فرهنگی و مذهبی، آسایش کالبدی، هویت و شخصیت مکان، تبیین شده است. که عامل‌های کیفیت کالبدی - محیطی، سازمان فضایی و نفوذپذیری به ترتیب با ضریب تأثیر 674/0 و 348/0 بیشترین تأثیر را در توسعه گردشگری روستاها دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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