ارزیابی و بررسی شرایط اقلیمی سکونتگاه‏ های روستایی در شهرستان مهاباد بر مبنای شاخصه ‏های فرمی بنا

Introduction
the native architecture of different world countries, especially the Middle Eastern countries and our country, is full of experiences and examples that represent accurate and calculated solutions in adapting physical spaces to climatic conditions (Omidvar et al ,2010). Old architects used limited resources to achieve human comfort. In indigenous buildings, climate was the most decisive factor in the construction of buildings (Eslami et al , 2020). In this regard, comfort is one of the needs of outdoor and closed users, and if there is no comfort, other needs are hardly met (Carr, 1992). Thus, climate comfort is one of the most important issues in human society. Climate change has a major impact on human lives and feelings of well-being (Alaee & Akbari, 2016).
Considering that in recent decades, on the one hand, some of the settlement areas have undergone extensive and extensive changes, and on the other hand, climate changes have caused a lack of climatic comfort for residents in the native settlements, accordingly, the present paper studies the climatic conditions of the present situation in the villages of the city of Mahabad. One of the most important reasons for choosing this region is the historical background of Mahabad, which has not yet been enough climatic studies in this region. Therefore, this research will be done by examining a few samples of native houses in the villages of the city of Mahabad in order to describe the basic substrate and infrastructure for important strategies in the design of native buildings by residents and architects to achieve the climatic comfort of the native houses of the villages of the city of Mahabad.

Methodology
This is applied research in terms of objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data is collected through the library method and field study based on the information and references available in the books, papers, and associated organizations, including Municipality Organization and Cooperative Company of Rural Districts in Mahabad County. Statistical society of study comprises vernacular houses in villages of Mahabad County. An area of villages with vernacular potential located in Mahabad County is selected based on the purposive sampling method, then the samples are analyzed based on the sample adequacy until reaching theoretical saturation. In this research, 70 samples of native houses in the villages of Mahabad city were non-randomly available for the review was selected. Due to the large and broad area of the studied zone and to ensure the accuracy of the study, one village was at least chosen from each rural district. In sum, 9 selected villages were examined among 5 rural districts in Mahabad County.


Results
Assessment results comprise 70 vernacular samples that are evaluated using the form characteristics of buildings in the micro and macro scales. The selected villages had a historical background, active population, buildings with vernacular structural potential, and indigenous materials.

Discussion
The case studies were examined in terms of the form characteristics, including building location, in-between spaces of the building, plan form, openings, and materials. According to the observations, most buildings were located towards east-west orientation, the in-between space was dense and wide (superficial continuity from the wall with adjacent building), plan form with one or two open fronts and connected texture with compact and multilayer complex, external openings with most openness in south-facing front and internal openings with openness in west-facing front. The occupancy rate equals 10-20% and heavy walls have high heat capacity with light and insulated flat roofs.

Conclusion
This research was done to find the climatic comfort in the native settlements of the villages of Mahabad City based on the building form indicators. The result was used to evaluate and study the native design patterns of the villages of Mahabad City. Therefore, the most common features of the building in the native settlement can be summarized as follows: due to the high frequency in the indicators of fermi plan, internal and external openings, and the materials used in the walls of the buildings, they have the most common and harmony among the five villages in the city of Mahabad. The results and analysis of this study can be expressed as follows: the general details of the rural architecture of these settlements lead to the formation of documents in which these villages can be protected in terms of climate conditions and provide a suitable platform for designers and residents of the region to improve the current situation so that the climate conditions of the current situation can be understood by studying the climate concepts used in indigenous buildings to become solutions that provide comprehensive measures and strategies leading to climate comfort and prevent energy wastes.