تحلیل تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی دربرابر مخاطرات طبیعی با تأکید بر زلزله (مورد مطالعه: دهستان شیروانِ شهرستان بروجرد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

ازجمله مخاطرات طبیعی وقوع زلزله است که وقوع آن در سکونتگاه‌های انسانی آسیب‌های جبران‌ناپذیری به‌همراه دارد. در این باره درراستای کاهش اثرات آن، توجه به رویکرد تاب‌آوری مطرح شده است. این اعتقاد وجود دارد که با آگاهی و شناخت از میزان تاب‌آوری، می‌توان با برنامه‌ریزی مناسب در زمینه کاهش صدمه‌ها و آثار مخرب گام برداشت. بر همین اساس در پژوهش حاضر میزان تاب‌آوری روستاهای واقع در دهستان شیروان دربرابر زلزله بررسی و تحلیل شده است. تحقیق حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و روش انجام آن، توصیفی‌تحلیلی است. به‌منظور گردآوری داده‌های موردنیاز دو روش اسنادی و میدانی (ابزار پرسشنامه) به‌کاررفته است. در روش پرسشنامه‌ای­، داده‌های لازم در قالب پرسشنامه در سطح 9 روستای نمونه­، گردآوری و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های آماری استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، روستاهای واقع در دهستان شیروان و واحد تحلیل سرپرستان خانوارهای ساکن روستاهای نمونه است که براساس روش کوکران، تعداد 260 سرپرست تعیین و به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب شده است. یافته‌ها نشان از آن دارد که وضعیت تاب‌آوری روستاهای مطالعه‌شده دربرابر زلزله پایین‌تر از سطح متوسط قرار و تفاوت معناداری در بین روستاها وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که در بین ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیرساختی و سرمایه اجتماعی نواحی روستایی بُعد سرمایه اجتماعی سهم و تأثیر بیشتری در میزان تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی ایفا می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Rural Area Resilience Against Earthquake; Case Study: Shirvan District (Boroujerd County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hedayatollah Noori 1
  • Farkhondeh Sepahvand 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographic Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Geographic Sciences and Planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that cause irreparable damages to human settlements. Therefore, in order to reduce its impact, the resilience approach has been proposed. It is believed that by having the knowledge of resiliency and proper planning, the damaging effects of such natural disasters can be reduced significantly. Thus, in this descriptive-analytic study, we identify and analyze the resiliency of villages in the district of Shirvan against earthquakes. In order to collect the required data, both documentary and field (questionnaire) methods were employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data in nine villages, and statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data. The analysis units were the heads of households living in sample villages. Based on Cochran’s method, 260 administrators were randomly selected. The results showed that the resiliency condition against earthquakes in the sample villages was lower than the average level; however, there was a significant difference in the resiliency levels among the sample villages. In addition, among the economic, social, infrastructural, and social capital aspects in rural areas, the social capital was found to have the most contribution and effect on the resilience of rural settlements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural disasters
  • resilience
  • Local households
  • earthquake
  • Shirvan district
Ainuddin, S., & Routray, J. K. (2012a). Community resilience framework for an earthquake prone area in Baluchistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2(1), 25-36.
Ainuddin, S., & Routray, J. K. (2012b). Earthquake hazards and community resilience in Baluchistan. Natural Hazards, 63(2), 909-37.
Babakhani, F., Yazdannasab, M., & Nouri, M. (2013). [Important influential factors on people’s tendency for voluntary participation during crisis (Persian)]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2(2), 5-13.
Badri, S. A., Ramezanzadeh Lasbooi, M., Asgari, A., Ghadiri Masoum., M., & Salmani, M. (2013). [The role of local management in improving resilience to natural disasters with emphasis on floods (Persian)]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2(3), 37-48.
Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O’Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., et al. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake Spectra, 19(4), 733-52.
Cutter, S. L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C., Evans, E., Tate, E., et al. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606.
Eftekhari, A. R., Mosavi, S. M., Poortaheri, M., & Farajzadeh, M. (2014). [Analysis of the role of livelihood diversity to rural household resilience in drought condition: case study of the drought exposed areas of Isfahan province (Persian)]. Journal of Rural Research, 5(3), 476-704.
Eynali, J., Farahani, H., & Jafari, N. (2014). [Evaluation of the role of social capital in reduction of earthquake disaster consequences in Sojasrood county Khodabande township (Persian)]. Journal of Applied Researchs in Geographical Sciences, 14(32), 93-115.
Gaillard, J. C. (2007). Resilience of traditional societies in facing natural hazards. Disaster Prevention and Management, 16(4), 522-44.
Gaillard, J. C., & Texier, P. (2010). Religions, natural hazards, and disasters: an introduction. Religion, 40(2), 81-84.
Hamilton, R. M., Andrews, R. A., Bauer, R. A., Bullock, J. A., Chang, S. E., Holmes, W. T., et al. (2011). National earthquake resilience: research, implementation, and outreach. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.
Kafle, S. K. (2012). Measuring disaster-resilient communities: a case study of coastal communities in Indonesia. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 5(4), 316-26.
Paton, D., & Johnston, D. (2001). Disasters and communities: vulnerability, resilience and preparedness. Disaster Prevention and Management, 10(4), 270-77.
Petak, W. (2002). Earthquake resilience through mitigation: a system approach. Paper presented at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 12 Sep 2002, Laxenburg, Austria.
Rafieh, Z., Zare, M., Gheitanchi, M. R., & Maleki, Z. (2011). [Seismic zonation and potential analysis of Lorestan province (Persian)]. Quarterly Journal of the Earth, 6(19), 51-63.
Rafieian, M., & Motahhari, Z. (2012). [Designing model for study approach of community-based disaster risk management; Case study DAVAM Plan (Persian)]. Journal of Emergency Management, 1(1), 5-12.
Rafieian, M., Rezaei, M. R., Askari, A., Parhizkar A., & Shayan, S. (2011). [Explaining the concept of resilience index of community-based disaster management (CBDM) (Persian)]. Journal of Spatial Planning, 15(4), 19-41.
Ramezanzadeh Lasbooi, M., (2008). [The role of financial participation in flood risk management in rural areas: watershed Tyrom (Persian)] (MA thesis). Tehran: Tehran University.
Ramezanzadeh Lasbooi, M., Badri, S. A., Asgari, A., Salmani, M., & Ghadiri Masom, M. (2013). [Rural resilience sample tourism regions on multiple attribute decision making (Case study: Cheshmeh Kileh branch, Tonekabon county and Sardabrood branch, Kelardasht county) (Persian)]. Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 1(3), 131-55.
Rezaei, M. R., Rafieian, M., & Hosseini, S. M. (2016). Assessment of urban physical resilience against earthquakes (Persian)]. Human Geography Research, 47(4), 609-23.
Ride, A. (2011). Community resilience in natural disasters. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rose, A. (2007). Economic resilience to natural and man-made disasters: multidisciplinary origins and contextual dimensions. Environmental Hazards, 7(4), 383-98.
Rutter, M. (1999). Resilience concepts and findings: implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 21(2), 119-44. doi: 10.1111/1467-6427.00108
Sadeghloo, T., & Sojasi, H. (2015). [Survey relationship between rural settlement livability and rural resilience in front of natural disaster in rural areas of Mravehtapeh and Palizan county (Persian)]. Journal of Emergency Management, 3(2), 37-44.
Salehi, E., Aghababaei, M. T., Sarmadi, H., & Farzad Behtish, M. R. (2011). [Considering the environment resiliency by use of cause model (Persian)]. Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(59), 99-112.
Sharifnia, F. (2012). [Investigating the relationship between urban land use and the resiliency of the earthquake and solutions in the field of urban planning; Case study: Tehran, Region 1 (Persian)] (MA thesis). Tehran: Tehran University.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5. Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss2/art5