ارزیابی سرمایه اجتماعی شبکه ذی‌نفعان محلی درراستای توانمندسازی جوامع روستایی (مورد مطالعه: روستای بزیجان، شهرستان محلات، استان مرکزی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 استادیار، دفتر ترویج و مشارکت‌های مردمی، سازمان جنگل‌ها و مراتع و آبخیزداری، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

سرمایه اجتماعی یکی از ارکان اصلی در توسعه پایدار محلی و توانمندسازی اجتماعی محسوب می‌شود. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل سرمایه اجتماعی درون‌گروهی ذی‌نفعان محلی روستای بزیجان در شهرستان محلات است. با توجه به تأکید بر مدیریت مشارکتی مبتنی‌بر سازگاری و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی، تحلیل روابط اعتماد و مشارکت در بین ذی‌نفعان محلی امری ضروری است. بدین‌منظور با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های تحلیل شبکه‌ای و مصاحبه مستقیم با تمامی ذی‌نفعان محلی (در ساختار گروه‌های خُرد توسعه روستایی که به‌دنبال اجرای یک طرح توانمندسازی جامعه روستایی در روستای بزیجان شکل گرفته است)، پیوندهای اعتماد و مشارکت در بین ذی‌نفعان محلی و گروه‌های هدف بررسی شد. قبل از اجرای طرح نتایج از کم‌بودن میزان اعتماد، مشارکت، انسجام و سرمایه اجتماعی حکایت داشت که پس از اجرای این طرح میزان این شاخص‌ها تا حد مطلوبی افزایش یافته بود. سرعت گردش، تبادل اعتماد و مشارکت بین افراد بعد از اجرای طرح در مقایسه با قبل از اجرای آن، افزایش‌ یافته و اجرای طرح اتحاد و یگانگی بین افراد را افزایش داده بود. همچنین توانمندسازی اجتماعی در این روستا در حد مطلوبی حاصل شده بود. درنهایت می‌توان گفت اجرای این طرح سرمایه اجتماعی درون‌گروهی را افزایش می‌دهد. این امر به نوبه خود رانده‌شدن اجتماعی را کاهش و رفاه اجتماعی را افزایش می‌دهد و بر مشارکت گسترده ساکنان روستا اثر می‌گذارد.

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