فعالیت‌های کشاورزی دهستان ماهیدشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی آسیب‌های پیش روی کودکان کار روستایی در فعالیت‌های کشاورزی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل سه گروه کودکان کار 5 تا 18 سال (934نفر) و والدین کودکانی که در مزارع کار می‌کنند و کارشناسان ادارات مرتبط با کار کودکان است. روش نمونه‌گیری در بخش کودکان به‌صورت طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب حجم صورت گرفت و اعضای نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان (1970) 272 نفر تعیین شد. در بین والدین به‌دلیل نبود آمار دقیق در این زمینه از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند استفاده شد. کارشناسان مربوطه 30 نفر بودند که به‌صورت تمام شماری بررسی شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسش‌نامه ساختاریافته استفاده شد. به‌منظور تعیین روایی از تأیید متخصصان بهره گرفته و. برای تعیین پایایی ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد (88/0=α). برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نسخه 18 نرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. هرسه گروه، مشکلات بدنی (مشکلات پوستی و کمردرد و زانودرد) را به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین مشکلات عنوان کردند و بعداز آن به‌ترتیب مشکلات روان‌شناختی (عصبی و خشن‌شدن کودک و ازبین‌رفتن خلاقیت و احساس حقارت)، اجتماعی و فرهنگی (ادامه‌یافتن چرخه کار کودکان برای نسل‌های پی‌درپی، یادگیری کلمات توهین‌آمیز، عملکرد ضعیف تحصیلی) و اقتصادی (افزایش هزینه‌های تحصیل، افزایش هزینه‌های درمان خانوار) در اولویت قرار گرفتند. اگرچه نمی‌توان پدیده کار کودکان در محیط روستایی را حذف کرد، اما رعایت اصول ارگونومی مربوط به محیط کار می‌تواند میزان آسیب‌های وارده بر کودکان را کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigate the Occurrence of Injuries to Rural Child Labor in Agricultural Activities in Mahidasht County

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asghar Mirakzadeh 1
  • Kiumars Zarafshani 2
  • Faranak Karamyan 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 PhD Candidate, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study sought to investigate the happening of injuries to rural child labor in agricultural activities in Mahidasht County. The study population comprised of 1. Children 5 to 18 years (N=934); 2. The parents of working children; and 3. The specialist who is familiar with rural work environment. In the first group (children), a sample of 272 members were selected using Crecy and Morgan (1970) sampling table and the stratified by random sampling method with proportional allocation. In the second group (parents), due to the lack of accurate statistics about the parents, purposeful sampling was used. In the third group (experts) the enumeration was done. Data were collected through structured questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by an expert’s panel and its reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.88). The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 18. The results showed that all the three communities complained primarily of physical injuries (skin disease, back pain, and knee disorders) followed by psychological injuries (tension and rough temperament, and creative destruction), socio-cultural injuries (continuance of child labor towards next generations, and learning bad language) and economical injuries (comprised of increased cost of child education, and increased health cost). Although the phenomenon of child labor cannot be eliminated in the rural environment, but observingergonomic principles in the workplace can substantially reduce the damage caused to children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • agriculture
  • Rural
  • Child
  • Child labour
  • Etiology
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