بومی‌سازی شاخص‌های سرمایه اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

با توجه به نقش بالقوه سرمایه اجتماعی در کاهش فقر و تقویت توسعه پایدار، تلاش‌های زیادی برای طراحی ابزارهای سنجش سرمایه اجتماعی صورت گرفته است. سرمایه اجتماعی به عنوان مفهومی پیچیده را نمی‌توان با سنجه منفرد یا عدد سنجید. برای این کار باید از مجموعه‌ای از شاخص‌ها استفاده کرد تا بتوان ابعاد گوناگون آن را مقایسه کرد. در این چهارچوب این پرسش مطرح شد که فرایند بومی‌سازی شاخص‌های سرمایه اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی ایران چگونه است. برای پاسخ علمی به پرسش و ایجاد مجموعه‌ای مناسب از شاخص‌ها برای اندازه‌گیری سرمایه اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی ایران، مقاله حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و پیمایشی و نظرخواهی از خبرگان و اساتید و متخصصان امر، به شیوه دلفی شاخص‌ها و معیارهای مناسب و بومی‌شده را ارائه کرده است. بر اساس یافته‌های تحقیق، در مجموع 9 مؤلفه و 18 شاخص و 53 نماگر انتخاب شد که با مناطق روستایی ایران سازگار هستند. افزون بر این، با بومی‌سازی شاخص‌های سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه پایدار روستایی، این امکان فراهم می‌شود تا علاوه‌ بر انتخاب شاخص‌های سازگار و منطبق با شرایط روستاهای ایران، به جنبه عملیاتی‌بودن و قابل اجرا بودن این مؤلفه‌ها و شاخص‌ها و نماگرها در برنامه‌های توسعه پایدار روستایی نیز توجه شود.

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