تحلیل عوامل مؤثر در امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارهای روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان زنجان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترا، استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دکترا، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تأمین امنیت غذایی پایدار در جامعه روستایی یکی از اهداف اساسی برنامه‌های توسعه روستایی محسوب می‌شود. در تحقیق حاضر به بررسی عوامل مؤثر در امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارهای روستایی پرداخته ‌شده است. پژوهش حاضر بر اساس هدف، از نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی‌تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر خانوارهای روستاهای شهرستان زنجان هستند. شهرستان زنجان در سال 1390، 97هزار و 225 نفر جمعیت روستانشین، 26هزار و 429 خانوار، 13 دهستان و 248 روستای دارای سکنه داشت. 54 روستا به عنوان روستاهای نمونه انتخاب شدند. روش گردآوری اطلاعات به ‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی(پرسش‌نامه) بود. به منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف‌معیار) و آمار استنباطی (آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای و رگرسیون خطی) استفاده ‌شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد وضعیت امنیت غذایی پایدار خانوارهای روستایی مطلوب نیست و عوامل اقتصادی مهم‌ترین عامل مؤثر در پایداری امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی است. براساس یافته‌های تحقیق پیشنهادهایی ازقبیل گسترش و تقویت فروشگاه‌های مصرف، ارائه سبد کالایی غذا برای خانوارهای تحت پوشش نهادهای اجتماعی ارائه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


ADAS, AEA (Agricultural Engineering Association), AHDB (Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board), AIC (Agriculture Industries Confederation), CLA(Country Land and Business Association), Farming Futures, FWAG (Farm Wildlife Advisory Group), LEAF (Linking Environment And Farming), NFU (National Farmers Union), NIAB/TAG (National Institute of Agricultural Botany/ The Arable Group), ORC (Elm Farm Organic Research Centre), RASE (Royal Agricultural Society of England), 04 April 2011. Meeting the Challenge: Agriculture Industry GHG Action Plan Delivery of Phase I: 2010e2012. Retrieved from
Andersson Djurfeldt, A. (2015). Urbanization and linkages to smallholder farming in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for food security. Global Food Security, 4, 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2014.08.002
Audsley, E., Chatterton, J., Graves, A., Morris, J., Murphy-Bokern, D., Pearn, K., et al. (2009). Food, land and greenhouse gases. The effect of changes in UK food consumption on land requirements and greenhouse gas emissions [Internet]. Retrieved from https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6496
Bedeke, S. (2012). Food insecurity and copping strategies: a perspective from Kersa district, East Hararghe Ethiopia. Food Science and Quality Management, 5, 19-31.
Biersteker, T. J. (2002). The emergence of privateauthority in global goverenance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Browne J, Laurence S, Thorpe S. (2009). Acting on food insecurity in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: Policy and practice interventions to improve local access and supply of nutritious food. Retrieved from http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/health-risks/nutrition/other-reviews.
Chang, H. H., Mishra, A. (2008). Impact of off-farm labor supply on food expenditures of farm households. Food Policy, 33(6), 657–664. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.02.002
Compassion In World Farming (CIWF). (2009). Beyond factory farming: sustainable solutions for animals, people and the planet, compassion in world farming [Internet]. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/animal-welfare/news-detail/en/c/37597/
Coleman-Jensen, A., Nord, M., Andrews, M. (2013). Household Food Security in the United States in 2012 [Internet]. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/err155/39937_err-155.pdf
Conforti, P. (2011). Looking ahead in world food and agriculture: Perspectives to 2050 [Internet]. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2280e/i2280e00.htm
Cox, R., Wallace, S. (2013). The impact of incarceration on food insecurity among households with children [Internet]. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2212909. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2212909
Davis, J., Sonesson, U., Baumgartner, D. U., & Nemecek, T. (2010). Environmental impact of four meals with different protein sources: Case studies in Spain and Sweden. Food Research International, 43(7), 1874–1884. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.08.017
Defra. (2008). Comparative life cycle assessment of food commodities procured for UK consumption through a diversity of supply chains [Internet]. Retrieved from http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Module=More&Location=None&ProjectID=15001
Duhaime, G., & Godmairb, A. (2002). The conditions of sustainable food security: An integrated conceptual framework. Alberta: CCI Press.
Eden, M., Nigatu, R., & Ansha, Y. (2009). The levels, determinants and coping mechanisms of food insecure households in Southern Ethiopia: A Case study of Sidama, Wolaita and Guraghe Zones. Report No. 55. The Drylands Coordination Group. Retrieved from http://www.eldis.org/go/home&id=44796&type=Document#.WL-k3fLGo-0
Edwards-Jones, G., Milà Canals, L., Hounsome, N., Truninger, M., Koerber, G., et al. (2008). Testing the assertion that “local food is best”: The challenges of an evidence-based approach. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19(5), 265–274. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2008.01.008.
Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations (FAO). (2011). The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA). Women in Agriculture: closing the gender gap for development. Rome: Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations (FAO).
Food Security Network. (2012). Concept of food security [Internet]. Retrieved from http://www.foodsecuritynews.com/What-is-food-security.htm.
Foresight. (2011). The future of food and farming: final project report [Internet]. The Government Office for Science, Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/future-of-food-and-farming.
Garnett, T. (2011). Where are the best opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the food system (including the food chain)? Food Policy, 36, 23–32. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.10.01.
Garnett, T., Charles, J., H., Godfray, C. (2012). Sustainable intensification in agriculture. Navigating a course through competing food system priorities [Internet]. Retrieved from www.fcrn.org.uk/sites/default/files/SI_report_final.pdf
Garnett, T. (2014). Three perspectives on sustainable food security: efficiency, demand restraint, food system transformation. What role for life cycle assessment? Journal of Cleaner Production, 73, 10–18. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.07.045
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., et al. (2010). Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), 812–818. doi: 10.1126/science.1185383.
Graham, R. D., Welch, R. M., Saunders, D. A., Ortiz‐Monasterio, I., Bouis, H. E., Bonierbale, M., et al. (2007). Nutritioussubsistence food systems. Advances in Agronomy, 1–74. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2113(04)92001-9
Green, R. E. (2005). Farming and the fate of wild nature. Science, 307(5709), 550–555. doi: 10.1126/science.1106049
Hamerschlag, K. (2011). Meat eater's guide to climate change + health: Environmental working group [Internet]. Retrieved from http://www.cwhn.ca/en/node/43765
IAAKSTD. (2009). Agriculture at a crossroads; The Global Report [Internet]. Retrieved from https://islandpress.org/books/iaastd.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). (2011) Feeding future generations – Young rural people today, prosperous farmers tomorrow [Internet]. Retrieved from https://www.ifad.org/documents/10180/feadfaf5-2f97-43fb-bf31-ad8e5a71549a.
Dave, J. M., Evans, A. E., Saunders, R. P., Watkins, K. W., & Pfeiffer, K. A. (2009). Associations among food insecurity, acculturation, demographic factors, and fruit and vegetable intake at home in Hispanic children. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(4), 697–701. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.12.017.
Keatinge, J. D. H., Yang, R. Y., Hughes, J. A., Easdown, W. J., & Holmer, R. (2011). The importance of vegetables in ensuring both food and nutritional security in attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. Food Security, 3(4), 491–501. doi: 10.1007/s12571-011-0150-3
Khush, G., Lee, S., Cho, J. I. & Jeon, J. S. (2012). Biofortification of crops for reducing malnutrition. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 6(3), 195-202. doi: 10.1007/s11816-012-0216-5
Lahteenkorva, S. S., Lahelma, E. (2001). Food insecurity is associated with past and present economic disadvantage and body mass index. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(11), 2880-4.
Lanjouw, P. (2001). Nonfarm employment and poverty in rural el Salvador. World Development, 29(3), 529–547. doi: 10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00105-4.
Mairon Giovani, L. (2008). Sustainablefood security for local communities in the globalized era: a comparative examination of Brazilian and Canadian case studies (MSc. thesis). Ontario: University of Waterloo
Lobell, D. B., Schlenker, W., & Costa-Roberts, J. (2011). Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042), 616–620. doi: 10.1126/science.1204531
Nelson, G.C., Rosegrant, M.W., Koo, J., Robertson, R., Sulser, T., Zhu, T., et al. (2009), Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation [Internet]. Retrieved from http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/130648
Nemecek, T., Weiler, K., Plassmann, K., Schnetzer, J., Gaillard, G., Jefferies, D., et al. (2012). Estimation of the variability in global warming potential of worldwide crop production using a modular extrapolation approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 31, 106–117. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.005
Nord, M. (2009). Food insecurity in households with children: Prevalence, severity, and household characteristics [Internet]. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=44421
Oxfam. (2011). Growing a better future: Food justice in a resource-constrained world [Internet]. Retrieved from https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/cr-growing-better-future-170611-en.pdf
Ramankutty, N., Evan, A. T., Monfreda, C., & Foley, J. A. (2008). Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22(1). doi: 10.1029/2007gb002952
Schmidinger, K., & Stehfest, E. (2012). Including CO2 implications of land occupation in LCAs—method and example for livestock products. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 17(8), 962–972. doi: 10.1007/s11367-012-0434-7.
Sim, S., Barry, M., Clift, R., & Cowell, S. J. (2006). The relative importance of transport in determining an appropriate sustainability strategy for food sourcing. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 12(6), 422–431. doi: 10.1007/s11367-006-0259-3
Sodano, V. (2012). Food policy beyond neo-liberalism. Sociological Landscape - Theories, Realities and Trends. doi: 10.5772/37175.
Soil Association. (2010). Telling Porkies: The Big Fat Lie about Doubling Food Production [Internet]. Retrieved from https://www.soilassociation.org/media/4906/policy_telling_porkies.pdf