بررسی انگیزه های مهاجرت معکوس و پیامدهای آن در روستاهای شهرستان ایجرود- استان زنجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

عوامل مختلفی تصمیم افراد به مهاجرت معکوس از شهر به روستا را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. مطالعه حاضر به دنبال بررسی انگیزه‌های مهاجرت از شهر به روستا در روستاهای شهرستان ایجرود و پیامدهای این قبیل مهاجرت‌ها است. تحقیق کاربردی حاضر با استفاده از روش تحقیق توصیفی- همبستگی و جمع‌آوری داده ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه با استفاده از نظرات اعضای هیئت‌علمی مرتبط تأیید شد. برای تعیین پایایی ابزار تحقیق از پیش‌آزمون و محاسبه ضریب کرونباخ آلفا (79/0 تا 81/0) استفاده شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق را مهاجران بازگشتی به روستا تشکیل داده که 125 نفر از آن‌ها بر اساس رابطه کوکران و از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انگیزه‌های مهاجرت معکوس به روستا در چهار عامل شامل بهبود وضعیت رفاهی و بهداشتی در روستاها، جاذبه‌های طبیعی روستا و تأمین محیط آرام، بهبود چشم‌انداز سودآوری کشاورزی در آینده و بهبود ظرفیت اشتغال‌زایی منطقه خلاصه شده که این عوامل در مجموع 80/60 درصد از واریانس کل انگیزه‌های مهاجرت را تبیین نمودند. پیامدهای مهاجرت معکوس نیز در سه عامل توسعه شاخص‌های عمرانی و سلامتی، افزایش نرخ مشارکت و سرمایه‌گذاری و آرامش روانی خلاصه شده که این عوامل مجموعاً 33/65 درصد از واریانس پیامدهای مهاجرت را تبیین نمودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing Reverse Migration's Motivations and Consequences in Ijroud County, Zanjan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Yaghoubi 1
  • tahereh zobeidi 2
1 Associate Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Ph.D student of Agricultural Extension and Education, Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The decision to return to villages is influenced by different factors. The purpose of this paper is to assess
the motivations of reverse migration and its consequences in the villages of Ijroud city in Zanjan province.
The research is of an applied type conducted via a survey method. The study population consisted
of the migrants returning to villages of Ijroud. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula
(n = 125). The respondents in this study were selected using the stratified random sampling method.
The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The face validity and the content validity of the
questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts. A pre-test and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were
used to measure the reliability (0.79-0.81). Through an exploratory factor analysis, the reverse migration
motivations were summarized into four factors including improvement of the welfare and health in rural
areas, improvement of the natural attractions of the village and providing a quiet environment, improvement
of the prospects for profitability, and improvement of the capacity of agricultural employment in
the region. These factors explained 60.80 % of the migration's motivations. Also, using exploratory factor
analysis, the consequences of reverse migration to rural area were summarized in three factors including
improvement of development and health indexes, increase of rural participation and investment rates,
and mental relaxation. These factors explained 33.65 percent of the total variance of the consequences
of reverse migration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reverse migration
  • Rural Development
  • Migration motives
  • Agriculture
  • Ijrud

مراجع

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پژوهش های روستائی
دوره 9، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 196-209

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 بهمن 1396

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