ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در مقابل مخاطرات محیطی (مورد‌مطالعه: شهرستان‌های بیرجند و خوسف)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

رفتار مخاطرات طبیعی در طی زمان منجر به تخریب بنیان‌های طبیعی و انسان‌ساخت نقاط روستایی می‌گردد. تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات و ارتباط آن با محیط انسان‌ساخت می‌تواند درک فضایی ما را نسبت به روابط فضایی تبیین کند.  شهرستان‌های بیرجند و خوسف یکی از مناطق ناپایدار جمعیتی طی دو دهه اخیر بوده‌اند. مخاطرات محیطی مانند خشکسالی، بحران آب و ریزگردها پیشران ناپایداری این روستاها شده و  باعث تخلیه جمعیت روستایی در این منطقه گشته‌اند. این پژوهش با رویکردی کاربردی به ارزیابی مخاطرات محیطی محدوده موردمطالعه پرداخته و نقش آن‌ها را در ناپایداری روستاهای منطقه بررسی نموده است. برای انجام این پژوهش نخست به ایجاد پایگاه داده‌ای مهم‌ترین مخاطرات محیطی (خشکسالی، زلزله، یخبندان، گردوغبار، شوری و سختی آب) در محیط جی.آی.اس صورت گرفت و با استفاده از روش‌های وزن دهی فازی نقشه نهایی مخاطرات محدوده تهیه و نقاط داغ و سرد آن شناسایی و الگوهای خطر آشکار شد. سپس پایگاه جمعیتی 540 روستای منطقه برای شش دوره سرشماری (1395-1355) با استفاده از نظرسنجی درباره شدت، فراوانی مخاطرات و میزان تاب‌آوری روستایی با تهیه پرسشنامه تخصصی ویژگی‌های مخاطرات محیطی منطقه واکاوی گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که 250 روستا دارای رشد جمعیتی صفر و منفی می‌باشند. مناطق جنوبی و شمالی منطقه دارای شدت آسیب‌پذیری بالایی هستند. همچنین 47 درصد از منطقه در پهنه خطرپذیری شدید قرار دارند که مشتمل بر67 سکونتگاه است در این پهنه واقع گردیده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Vulnerability of Rural Settlements Against Environmental Hazards: A Case Study of Birjand and Khosf

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Mikaniniki 1
  • Moretza Esmaeilnezhad 1
  • Mohammad Akbarpour 2
1 Associate professor of Geography, Department of Geography, ,Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
2 Assistant professor of Geography, Department of Geography, ,Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Natural hazards over time lead to the destruction of natural and human infrastructures in rural areas. The spatial analysis of hazards and their relation to the man-made environment can explain our perception of space in spatial relationships. This research first seeks to discover the natural hazards in the study area and then identify the villages that are unstable in the face of natural disasters. The study was carried out in two steps. First, a database was created of the most important environmental hazards (i.e. drought, earthquake, frost, dust, salinity and water hardness) in the GIS environment. Through the fuzzy weighing method, the final map of the hazards in the area was plotted, its hot and cold spots were identified, and the risk patterns were detected. Then, the population base of 540 villages in the region was analyzed for six census periods (1977-1987-1997-2007-2012-2017). This was done by collecting data on the severity, frequency of hazards and the level of rural resilience. The data collection tool was a specific questionnaire on the environmental hazards of the region. The results show that 250 villages have a zero or negative population growth. The southern and northern regions are severely vulnerable. Also, through a combination of the hazard sets, 47% of the area was found to be in a high-risk zone, which includes 67 villages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • instability
  • Spatial Analysis
  • Hazard
  • Vulnerability
  • Khosf and Birjand
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